（伤寒门中杂症惟此小儿多犯而与大人异治）
夹惊者，因邪热乘心，热极生风，是以手足为之动摇，精神为之恍惚，咬乳面红，
痰壅气喘，喉有锯声，口噤目窜而变惊候也。如痰热皆在上焦横扰者，可即吐之。若
三焦俱客者，可即下之，热中病即止，不可尽剂，盖吐则伤气，气虚者悸，下则亡血。
血虚者惊，故有过剂之后，而变慢惊者多矣。
夹食者，有病先病时病后而得，如食后外感停滞，胸次既病，而为胀满，大便酸
臭，腹痛气急者，此即病先所得是也。如胃气衰微，邪热入伏，以致消谷引食。若胃气
未虚，必与邪气相争而吐者，易治。如胃弱而既不能化，又不能争，以致热结胸膈者，
此脾胃虚弱，即病时所得是也。如病少痊，志食无度，以致停滞发热者，此为食复，即
病后所得是也。宜随症虚实施治，实者，消导为先，虚者，佐以养胃。
斑有温毒，有热毒，有胃烂。温毒者，即冬受寒，至春阳与阴气相搏而发是也。热
毒者，是暑气伏胃，因遇寒而发是也。胃烂者，或误下而热乘虚入胃，或失下而热不得
外泄，毒瓦斯入胃深极也。故斑者，毒也。毒者，乖戾失常，偏阴偏阳之至也。外因六气
相感，胃有热毒熏蒸，胃主肌肉，热甚伤血，里实表虚，故令周匝遍体，状如咬啮，
红赤者，生，紫黑者，死。以热极而胃烂也。舌苔唇裂者，不治。治宜解毒清凉，不
可表药取汗，盖表虚里实，发汗则益令开
泄，更增斑烂矣。其阴症发斑者，或因汗吐下后，中气虚乏，或因欲事耗损真阳，或因
过服凉药，遂成阴症，寒伏于下，逼其无根失守之火，上熏肺胃，而发斑点，其色淡
红，隐隐见于肌表，与阳症发斑，色紫赤者不同。此胃气极虚，若服寒药立见危殆，吴
鹤皋曰∶以参 桂附，而治斑法之变也。医不达权，安足语此？若因风热挟痰，而作搔
痒成块者，此轻症也。当与解毒辛散则愈。
内伤斑者，乃内伤元气不足之病，因气血两虚，亦身痛心烦作热，但脉虚大，懒于
言动，倦怠自汗为异耳。若妄作外感有余治，立见倾危，速进补中益气汤，熟眠热止
而愈。丹溪曰∶内伤发斑者，胃气极虚，一身之火游行于外，宜补以降之，大健中汤最
佳，内用参、 、归、芍、炙草、半夏、桂、附，以姜枣水煎服。若内有伏阴，误服
凉药，逼其虚阳，浮散于外，而为阴斑，脉虽洪大，按之无力，或手足逆冷过肘膝者，
先用炮姜理中汤，以复其阳，次随症治，不应加附子。
（在伤寒门的各种杂症中，只有小儿容易患这些病，且治疗方法与成人不同。）
夹惊证，是由于邪热侵袭心脏，热极生风，导致手足动摇、精神恍惚、咬乳时面色发红、痰液壅盛气喘、喉间有拉锯声、牙关紧闭、眼球上窜，从而转变为惊风症状。如果痰热都积聚在上焦并横逆扰乱，可以采用催吐法治疗。如果三焦都有邪气客居，可以采用泻下法治疗，但热退病愈即止，不可服完全部药量，因为催吐会损伤正气，气虚则会导致心悸；泻下会耗伤阴血，血虚则会导致惊悸。因此，有过量用药之后，转变为慢惊风的案例很多。
夹食证，有发病前、发病时和发病后三种情况。例如进食后感冒外邪导致停滞，胸膈不适，出现腹胀满、大便酸臭、腹痛气急等症状，这是发病前饮食所致的疾病。如果胃气衰微，邪热潜伏体内，导致食欲亢进想进食；若胃气尚未虚弱，必会与邪气抗争而呕吐，这种情况容易治疗。如果胃弱既不能消化食物，又不能与邪气抗争，导致热结于胸膈，这是脾胃虚弱，属于发病时饮食所致的疾病。如果病初愈，饮食没有节制，导致停滞发热，这称为“食复”，属于发病后饮食所致的疾病。应当根据虚实辨证施治，实证以消食导滞为先，虚证辅以养胃。
发斑有温毒、热毒、胃烂三种原因。温毒，是指冬季感受寒邪，到春季阳气与阴气相搏激而发作。热毒，是指暑气伏留于胃，因遇寒冷而发作。胃烂，或是误用下法导致热邪乘虚入胃，或是失于攻下导致热邪无法外泄，毒气深入胃部至极点。所以斑，就是毒邪。毒邪，是乖戾失常、偏阴或偏阳至极的状态。外因六气相互感应，胃中有热毒熏蒸，胃主肌肉，热甚伤及血液，里实表虚，所以导致周身遍体出现如被咬啮状的斑点，颜色红赤的预后良好，紫黑色的预后不良，这是因为热极导致胃烂。舌苔干裂、嘴唇破裂的，难以治愈。治疗宜解毒清凉，不可用解表药取汗，因为表虚里实，发汗会使腠理更加开泄，加重斑烂。如果是阴证发斑，可能是因为汗、吐、下法之后，中气虚乏；或者是因为房事耗损真阳；或者是过服凉药，遂成阴证，寒邪伏于下部，逼迫无根失守的虚火，上熏肺胃，从而发出斑点，颜色淡红，隐隐见于肌表，这与阳证发斑颜色紫赤不同。这是胃气极度虚弱，如果服用寒凉药物立即会有危险。吴鹤皋说：用人参、肉桂、附子来治疗发斑，是治法的变通。医生如果不通权达变，怎能谈论此道？如果是因风热挟痰，导致瘙痒成块的，这是轻症。应当给予解毒辛散的药物即可痊愈。
内伤发斑，是内伤元气不足的病，因气血两虚，也出现身痛、心烦、发热，但脉象虚大，懒于言语动作，倦怠自汗，这是其不同之处。如果错误地当作外感有余之证治疗，立即会有生命危险，应迅速服用补中益气汤，熟睡后热退而痊愈。朱丹溪说：内伤发斑，是胃气极度虚弱，一身之火游行于体表，宜用补益法以降火，大建中汤最佳，方内含人参、[此处原文缺字，推测为白术或类似补气药]、当归、白芍、炙甘草、半夏、肉桂、附子，用姜枣水煎服。如果内有伏阴，误服凉药，逼迫虚阳浮散于外，形成阴斑，脉象虽洪大，但按之无力，或者手足逆冷超过肘膝的，先用炮姜理中汤，以恢复阳气，随后随证治疗，若不效再加附子。
(In the category of Cold Damage, among various miscellaneous diseases, only children are prone to these conditions, and their treatment differs from that of adults.)
The syndrome of "夾惊" (Concomitant Fright) arises when pathogenic heat invades the Heart. Extreme heat generates wind, causing trembling of the hands and feet, mental confusion, redness of the face while suckling milk, phlegm obstruction with wheezing, a sawing sound in the throat, locked jaws, and upward deviation of the eyes, thereby transforming into a fright condition. If phlegm-heat accumulates in the Upper Jiao and disrupts horizontally, emesis may be employed immediately. If pathogens occupy all three Jiaos, purgation may be employed immediately. Treatment should cease once heat subsides and the disease resolves; the full dose should not necessarily be consumed. This is because emesis damages Qi, and Qi deficiency leads to palpitations; purgation depletes Blood, and Blood deficiency leads to fright. Therefore, many cases transform into Slow Fright after excessive medication.
The syndrome of "夾食" (Concomitant Food Stagnation) occurs before, during, or after the onset of illness. For instance, if one contracts an external pathogen after eating, leading to stagnation, chest discomfort, abdominal distension, sour-smelling stools, abdominal pain, and rapid breathing, this results from food intake prior to the onset of illness. If Stomach Qi is weak and pathogenic heat lies dormant, causing increased appetite; or if Stomach Qi is not yet deficient and struggles against the pathogen, resulting in vomiting, this case is easy to treat. If the Spleen and Stomach are weak, unable to digest food nor struggle against the pathogen, leading to heat binding in the chest and diaphragm, this results from dietary indiscretion during the onset of illness due to Spleen-Stomach deficiency. If, after slight recovery, one eats without restraint, leading to stagnation and fever, this is called "Food Relapse," resulting from dietary indiscretion after the illness. Treatment should follow the pattern of excess or deficiency: for excess patterns, resolving stagnation is primary; for deficiency patterns, nourishing the Stomach is assisted.
Rashes (Ban) arise from Warm Toxin, Heat Toxin, or Rotting Stomach. Warm Toxin refers to cold contracted in winter, which erupts in spring when Yang Qi contends with Yin Qi. Heat Toxin refers to summer-heat latent in the Stomach, which erupts upon exposure to cold. Rotting Stomach occurs either from erroneous purgation allowing heat to enter the Stomach via deficiency, or from failure to purge, preventing heat from venting externally, so that toxic vapors penetrate deeply into the Stomach. Thus, rashes represent toxin. Toxin is a state of aberrancy, extreme deviation of Yin or Yang. Externally caused by the interaction of the Six Qi, internal heat-toxin steams within the Stomach. Since the Stomach governs muscles, extreme heat injures Blood, creating interior excess and exterior deficiency. Consequently, spots resembling bites appear all over the body. Red and bright spots indicate survival; purple-black spots indicate death, due to extreme heat causing rotting of the Stomach. Dry tongue coating and cracked lips indicate incurability. Treatment should focus on clearing heat and detoxifying. Exterior-releasing drugs for sweating must not be used, as exterior deficiency with interior excess means sweating will further open the pores, worsening the rash. In cases of Yin-pattern rash, it may result from Qi deficiency of the Middle Jiao after sweating, vomiting, or purging; or from depletion of True Yang due to sexual activity; or from excessive use of cold medicines, forming a Yin pattern where cold lurks below, forcing rootless, unanchored fire to ascend and steam the Lungs and Stomach, producing pale-red spots faintly visible under the skin. This differs from Yang-pattern rashes, which are purple-red. This indicates extreme Stomach Qi deficiency; administering cold medicines would lead to immediate danger. Wu Hegao stated: Using Ginseng, Cinnamon Twig, and Aconite to treat rashes is a variation in therapeutic method. Physicians who do not understand flexibility cannot discuss this. If itching and plaques form due to Wind-Heat carrying Phlegm, this is a mild case, curable with detoxifying and acrid-dispersing herbs.
Internal Injury Rash arises from insufficiency of Original Qi due to internal injury. Due to dual deficiency of Qi and Blood, patients also experience body pain, irritability, and fever, but differ in having a large and empty pulse, reluctance to speak or move, fatigue, and spontaneous sweating. Treating this erroneously as an exterior excess condition leads to immediate peril. Rapid administration of Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) allows for deep sleep, cessation of fever, and recovery. Zhu Danxi said: Internal injury rash indicates extreme Stomach Qi deficiency, with Fire roaming outside the body. It should be treated by tonification to descend the Fire. Dajianzhong Tang (Greatly Build the Middle Decoction) is best, containing Ren Shen (Ginseng), [missing character, likely Bai Zhu], Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis), Bai Shao (White Peony Root), Zhi Gan Cao (Prepared Licorice), Ban Xia (Pinellia), Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig), and Fu Zi (Aconite), decocted with Ginger and Jujube. If latent Yin exists internally and cold medicines are mistakenly taken, forcing deficient Yang to float outward, forming Yin Rash, the pulse may be surging and large but empty upon pressure, or extremities may be cold beyond elbows and knees. First, use Pao Jiang Lizhong Tang (Baked Ginger Regulate the Middle Decoction) to restore Yang, then treat according to symptoms. If ineffective, add Fu Zi (Aconite).