治小儿初受湿气，身体头疼发热，恶风多汗，面浮作呕，小便不利。
人参 猪苓 干姜（泡） 白术 泽泻 赤茯苓 木通 灯心（七茎） 车前子（一捻） 水煎服。
治中湿吐泻，助脾去湿。凡湿气伤筋，手足软弱不能抬举，疼痛等症。
人参 橘红 藿香叶 苍术（米泔水浸炒） 大腹皮 茯苓 半夏（姜汁制） 白
术甘草（各一钱） 水煎服。
湿为阴邪，《经》曰∶地之湿气，感则害皮肉筋脉。又曰∶诸湿肿满，皆属于脾。
湿者土之气，土者火之子，故湿能生热，热亦能生湿。然湿有自外人者，有自内出者，
东南地卑多湿，故多从外入。凡患腿香港脚者居多，治当汗散，久者宜疏通渗泄。西北地
高，人多食生冷湿面乳酪饮酒，故寒气怫郁，湿不能越，以致腹胀如鼓，或通身浮
肿，按之如泥不起，此皆自内而出也。宜辨其元气虚实，而通利二便，更须对症施治，
不可执一概拘。
苍术乃治湿之要药，上下部湿皆可用。若脾胃受湿，沉困无力，怠惰好卧，宜去湿
痰，燥湿健脾，须用苍白二术、半夏、茯苓之类。凡治上部湿，宜苍术功烈。下部湿宜
升麻提之，外湿宜表散，内湿宜淡渗，下焦湿肿及痛，并膀胱有火邪者，必须酒洗，防
已、黄柏、龙胆草、苍术之类。
有在天之湿，雨露雾是也。在天者本乎气，故先中表之荣卫。有在地之湿，泥水是
也。在地者本乎形，故先伤肌肉筋骨血脉。有饮食之湿，酒水乳酪是也。胃为水谷之
海，故伤于脾胃。有汗液之湿，谓汗出沾衣，未经解换者是也。有太阴脾土所化之
湿，不从外入者也，阳盛则火胜，化为湿热；阴盛则水胜，化为寒湿，其症发热恶
寒，身重自汗，筋骨疼痛，小便秘涩，大便溏泄，腰痛不能转侧，跗肿肉如泥，按之不
起。
《经》曰∶因于湿，首如裹。湿气蒸于上，故头重。又曰∶湿伤筋，故大筋 短，
小筋弛长， 短为拘，弛长为痿。又曰∶湿胜则濡泄。故大便溏泄，大便泄，则小便
涩。又曰，湿从下受之，故跗肿。又曰∶诸湿肿满，皆属脾土。故腹胀肉如泥，湿气入
肾，肾主水，水流湿，各从其类，故腰痛。东垣曰∶治湿不利小便，非其治也。又曰∶
在下者，引而竭之。圣人之言，虽布在方策，其不尽者，可以意求。夫湿淫从外而入
里。若用淡渗之剂以除之，则降之又降，足复益其阴、而重竭其阳，阳气愈削，则精神
愈短，是阴重强，阳重衰，反助其邪之谓也。故用升阳风药，兼实脾土以除湿即瘥，
用羌、独、升柴、防风、根炙甘草、制白术、炒白芍，水煎热服。大法云∶湿淫所
胜，风以平之。又曰∶下者举之。得阳气升腾而愈。又曰∶客者除之，是因曲而为之直
也。犹土在水中则为泥，得和风暖日，则成
土矣。圣人之法，可以类推，举一而知百也。
有香港脚类伤寒，发热恶寒，必脚胫间肿痛，俱从湿治。《千金方》有阴阳之分，阴
香港脚胫处肿而不红，阳香港脚肿而红者是也。有湿热发黄一身尽疼，发热者当从郁治，凡
湿热之物不郁则不黄，当用逍遥散，切忌茵陈五苓散，用之者十不一生。
凡伤寒必恶寒，伤风必恶风，伤湿必恶雨，如伤湿而兼恶寒无汗，骨节疼痛、脉濡
而浮，四肢痿弱，此表中湿也，名曰湿痹。宜渗泄分利，五苓加减。仲景有甘草附子
汤，内用白术、炙草、桂枝、附子四味。取白术固中扶脾而燥湿，桂枝疏泄鼓舞以外
散，附子辛热以除阴寒凝滞，炙草温中甘缓取暂以中留，勿任附子速下也。制方之妙，
备得其宜矣。若关节重痛，浮肿喘满，腹胀类闷，昏不知人，其脉必沉而缓，或沉而微
细，此名中湿，宜除湿汤。有破伤处，因澡浴湿从疮口而入，其人昏迷沉重，状类中
湿，名曰破伤湿，宜白术酒。
湿热之原，因寒温饥饱失常，喜怒劳役过度，以伤脾胃，脾胃为水谷之海，调则运
行水谷而致精华，伤则动火，熏蒸水谷而为湿热，且胃司纳受，脾司运化，今脾既不运
化，则饮食停积而湿热愈生矣。治法壮者暂攻湿热，虚者攻补兼施，而补脾消谷导水，
三者不可阙一也。若一概妄治，愈攻愈虚，肿痛日甚，五皮五子反泻其气，卒至夭枉
矣。
丹溪曰∶首为诸阳之会，其位高，其体虚，其气清，故清明系焉。何为湿热熏蒸？
清道不通，沉重不利，似乎有物以蒙之，久而不治，湿郁为热，热而不去，热伤于血，
而不能养筋，故大筋软短，而为拘挛，湿热伤筋，不能束骨，故小筋弛长，而为痿弱。
王太仆曰∶素常气疾，湿热加之，气湿热争，故为肿也。阳气渐盛，阴气渐微，致邪
伐正，气不宣通，故四肢发肿，盖诸阳受气于四肢也。
治疗小儿初受湿气侵袭，出现身体疼痛、头痛、发热、怕风、多汗、面部浮肿、呕吐、小便不通利等症状。
人参、猪苓、干姜（炮制）、白术、泽泻、赤茯苓、木通、灯心草（七茎）、车前子（一捻），用水煎服。
治疗中湿引起的呕吐和腹泻，帮助脾脏去除湿气。凡是湿气损伤筋脉，导致手足软弱无力无法抬举、疼痛等症状。
人参、橘红、藿香叶、苍术（米泔水浸泡后炒制）、大腹皮、茯苓、半夏（姜汁炮制）、白术、甘草（各一钱），用水煎服。
湿属于阴邪，《黄帝内经》说：地面的湿气，侵入人体就会伤害皮肉筋脉。又说：各种湿邪导致的肿胀胀满，都归属于脾。
湿是土的气化表现，土是火的子行，所以湿能生热，热也能生湿。然而湿有从外进入的，也有从内部产生的。东南地区地势低洼，湿气重，所以湿气多从外部侵入。凡是患腿脚香港脚病的人居多，治疗应当通过发汗来疏散，病程长的适宜疏通并渗泄利尿。西北地区地势高，人们多吃生冷、湿面、乳酪、饮酒，导致寒气郁结，湿气不能发散，以致腹部胀大如鼓，或者全身浮肿，按压后凹陷不起，这些都是从内部产生的。应当辨别元气的虚实，从而通利大小便，更须对症施治，不可拘泥于一种固定方法。
苍术是治疗湿症的要药，上部和下部的湿邪都可以使用。如果脾胃受湿困扰，感到沉重困倦、无力、懒惰嗜睡，适宜祛除湿痰，燥湿健脾，必须使用苍术、白术、半夏、茯苓之类的药物。凡是治疗上部湿邪，宜用功效猛烈的苍术。下部湿邪宜用升麻提升，外感湿邪宜用解表发散的方法，内伤湿邪宜用淡味渗湿的方法，下焦湿肿及疼痛，以及膀胱有火邪的，必须经过酒洗处理，使用防己、黄柏、龙胆草、苍术之类的药物。
有在天的湿，就是雨露雾气。在天的湿本乎气，所以先侵犯体表的营卫。有在地的湿，就是泥水。在地的湿本乎形，所以先伤害肌肉筋骨血脉。有饮食之湿，就是酒水乳酪。胃是水谷之海，所以受伤于脾胃。有汗液之湿，就是出汗沾湿衣服，没有及时更换的情况。有太阴脾土所化生的湿，不是从外部侵入的，阳气盛则火胜，化为湿热；阴气盛则水胜，化为寒湿，其症状表现为发热恶寒、身体沉重、自汗、筋骨疼痛、小便涩滞、大便溏泄、腰痛不能转侧、足背浮肿肌肉如泥、按压后凹陷不起。
《黄帝内经》说：因为湿邪，头部像被包裹一样。湿气蒸腾于上，所以头重。又说：湿伤筋，所以大筋缩短，小筋松弛延长，缩短为拘挛，松弛延长为痿证。又说：湿胜则导致濡泄。所以大便溏泄，大便泄，则小便涩滞。又说，湿从下部受之，所以足背浮肿。又说：各种湿邪导致的肿胀胀满，都属脾土。所以腹胀肌肉如泥，湿气入肾，肾主水，水流向湿处，同类相召，所以腰痛。李东垣说：治疗湿邪如果不通利小便，就不是正确的治疗方法。又说：病在下部的，引导而竭尽它。圣人的言论，虽然记载在医书中，未尽之意，可以通过意会去探求。湿邪淫溢从外侵入体内。如果使用淡渗利尿的药物来清除它，则是降之又降，反而增加阴气，从而再次耗竭阳气，阳气越削弱，精神越短少，这是阴气强盛，阳气衰微，反而助长邪气的说法。所以使用升阳风药，兼以实脾土来除湿即可痊愈，使用羌活、独活、升麻、柴胡、防风、炙甘草、制白术、炒白芍，用水煎煮热服。大法说：湿邪淫溢过盛，用风药来平定它。又说：下陷的提举它。得到阳气升腾而痊愈。又说：客邪去除它，这是因弯曲而使之直的方法。就像土在水中则为泥，得到和风暖日，则成为土了。圣人的法则，可以类推，举一反三。
有类似伤寒的香港脚病，发热恶寒，必定脚胫间肿痛，都从湿邪治疗。《千金方》有阴阳之分，阴香港脚胫部肿胀而不红，阳香港脚肿胀且发红的是。有湿热发黄、全身疼痛、发热的，应当从郁证治疗，凡是湿热之物不郁结就不会发黄，应当使用逍遥散，切忌使用茵陈五苓散，使用的十人中没有一人能存活。
凡是伤寒必定恶寒，伤风必定恶风，伤湿必定恶雨，如果伤湿兼有恶寒无汗、骨节疼痛、脉象濡而浮、四肢痿弱，这是表里俱湿，名叫湿痹。适宜渗泄分利，五苓散加减。张仲景有甘草附子汤，内用白术、炙甘草、桂枝、附子四味药。取白术固护中焦扶持脾脏而燥湿，桂枝疏泄鼓舞向外发散，附子辛热以祛除阴寒凝滞，炙甘草温中甘缓取其暂时留驻在中焦，不让附子迅速下行。制方的妙处，完备得其适宜了。如果关节沉重疼痛，浮肿喘满，腹胀类似闷塞，昏迷不知人事，其脉象必定沉而缓，或沉而微细，这名叫中湿，适宜用除湿汤。有破伤之处，因为洗澡时湿气从疮口进入，其人昏迷沉重，状似中湿，名叫破伤湿，适宜用白术酒。
湿热的根源，是因为寒温饥饱失常，喜怒劳役过度，从而损伤脾胃，脾胃是水谷之海，调和则运行水谷而产生精华，受伤则动火，熏蒸水谷而化为湿热，而且胃主管纳受，脾主管运化，现在脾既不运化，则饮食停积而湿热更加滋生。治疗方法，体质强壮者暂时攻逐湿热，虚弱者攻补兼施，而补脾、消谷、导水，三者缺一不可。如果一概妄加治疗，越攻越虚，肿痛日益严重，五皮饮、五子衍宗丸反而泻其正气，最终导致夭折。
朱丹溪说：头部是诸阳之会，位置高，形体虚，气清，所以清明之气系于此。为什么湿热熏蒸？清道不通畅，沉重不利，似乎有东西蒙蔽它，久治不愈，湿郁结化为热，热不去，热伤血，而不能养筋，所以大筋软短，而为拘挛，湿热伤筋，不能束骨，所以小筋松弛延长，而为痿弱。王冰说：素常气疾，加上湿热，气与湿热相争，所以发生肿胀。阳气渐盛，阴气渐微，导致邪气伐正，气机不宣通，所以四肢发肿，盖诸阳之气受于四肢也。
Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Hou Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma). Decoct with ginger water.
Treats children initially affected by dampness, presenting with body pain, headache, fever, aversion to wind, excessive sweating, facial edema, vomiting, and dysuria.
Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Zhu Ling (Polyporus), Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Chi Fu Ling (Poria cum Rubrum), Mu Tong (Akebiae Caulis), Deng Xin Cao (Junci Medulla) (seven stems), Che Qian Zi (Plantaginis Semen). Decoct with water and take orally.
Treats vomiting and diarrhea caused by dampness invading the middle jiao, assisting the spleen to remove dampness. For conditions where dampness injures the sinews, causing weakness and inability to lift hands and feet, pain, etc.
Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Ju Hong (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Huo Xiang Ye (Agastaches Folium), Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) (soaked in rice wash water and stir-fried), Da Fu Pi (Arecae Pericarpium), Fu Ling (Poria), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum) (processed with ginger juice), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each one qian). Decoct with water and take orally.
Dampness is a yin pathogen. The *Classic* states: "The dampness of the earth, when contracted, harms the skin, flesh, sinews, and vessels." It also states: "All dampness-induced swelling and fullness belong to the Spleen."
Dampness is the qi of Earth; Earth is the child of Fire; thus, dampness can generate heat, and heat can generate dampness. However, dampness may enter from the exterior or arise from within. In the southeast, where the land is low and dampness is abundant, it mostly enters from the outside. Those suffering from leg Hong Kong Foot (Gouty Arthritis/Charley Horse) are numerous; treatment should involve diaphoresis to disperse it, and for chronic cases, dredging and diuresis are appropriate. In the northwest, where the land is high, people often consume raw, cold, wet noodles, dairy, and alcohol, leading to stagnation of cold qi, preventing dampness from venting, resulting in abdominal distension like a drum, or generalized edema that pits upon pressure. These all arise from within. One must distinguish the deficiency or excess of Yuan Qi (Primal Qi) to unblock urination and defecation, and treat according to specific symptoms, without adhering rigidly to a single method.
Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) is a key herb for treating dampness, applicable to both upper and lower parts. If the Spleen and Stomach are affected by dampness, feeling heavy, weak, lethargic, and prone to lying down, it is necessary to eliminate damp-phlegm, dry dampness, and strengthen the Spleen using Cang Zhu, Bai Zhu, Ban Xia, Fu Ling, etc. For treating upper-body dampness, Cang Zhu's potent action is suitable. For lower-body dampness, Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) should be used to raise it. Exterior dampness should be dispersed via the surface; interior dampness should be leached out with bland herbs. For lower jiao dampness swelling and pain, or bladder fire pathogens, herbs such as Fang Ji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix), Huang Bo (Phellodendri Cortex), Long Dan Cao (Gentianae Radix), and Cang Zhu must be wine-washed.
There is dampness in the Heaven, such as rain, dew, fog, and mist. Dampness in Heaven pertains to Qi, so it first affects the Ying (Nutrient) and Wei (Defensive) at the exterior. There is dampness on the Earth, such as mud and water. Dampness on Earth pertains to Form, so it first injures muscles, sinews, bones, blood, and vessels. There is dietary dampness, such as alcohol, water, milk, and cheese. The Stomach is the Sea of Water and Grain, so injury occurs to the Spleen and Stomach. There is sweat dampness, referring to sweat soaking clothes without timely changing. There is dampness transformed by the Taiyin Spleen Earth, which does not enter from outside. When Yang is excessive, Fire prevails, transforming into Damp-Heat; when Yin is excessive, Water prevails, transforming into Cold-Damp. Symptoms include fever and aversion to cold, heavy body, spontaneous sweating, bone and joint pain, scanty and difficult urination, loose stools, lower back pain with inability to turn, dorsal edema, flesh like mud that does not rise upon pressure.
The *Classic* states: "Affected by dampness, the head feels wrapped." Dampness steaming upwards causes heaviness of the head. It also states: "Dampness injures sinews, so the large sinews shorten, and the small sinews relax and lengthen. Shortening leads to spasms/cramps; relaxing and lengthening leads to flaccidity." It also states: "Excess dampness leads to loose stools." Thus, loose stools result in scanty urine. It also states: "Dampness is received from below," hence dorsal edema. It also states: "All dampness-induced swelling and fullness belong to Spleen Earth." Hence abdominal distension and flesh like mud. When dampness enters the Kidney, and since the Kidney governs Water, water flows toward dampness, following its kind, hence lower back pain. Li Dongyuan said: "To treat dampness without promoting urination is not the correct treatment." He also said: "For those below, guide and exhaust them." The words of the Sages, though recorded in texts, have未尽 meanings that can be sought through intuition. Dampness pathogenicity enters from outside to inside. If bland-leaching agents are used to remove it, lowering again and again will further increase Yin and re-exhaust Yang. As Yang is weakened, spirit becomes deficient; this is Yin becoming strong and Yang becoming weak, which actually assists the pathogen. Therefore, use acrid-warm herbs to raise Yang, combined with strengthening Spleen Earth to remove dampness, and recovery will occur. Use Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Du Huo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Zhi Gan Cao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Zhi Bai Zhu (Processed Atractylodis Rhizoma), Chao Bai Shao (Stir-fried Paeoniae Radix Alba). Decoct with water and take hot. The general principle states: "When dampness overcomes, use wind herbs to pacify it." It also states: "Raise what is sunk." Recovery occurs when Yang Qi rises. It also states: "Remove the guest," meaning straightening what is curved. Just as soil in water becomes mud, with gentle wind and warm sun, it becomes earth again. The methods of the Sages can be inferred by analogy; knowing one allows knowing hundreds.
There is Hong Kong Foot resembling Shang Han (Cold Damage), with fever and aversion to cold, necessarily involving swelling and pain in the calves. All should be treated from dampness. *Qian Jin Fang* distinguishes Yin and Yang. Yin Hong Kong Foot involves calf swelling without redness; Yang Hong Kong Foot involves swelling with redness. For yellowing due to Damp-Heat with whole-body pain and fever, treat from stagnation. Anything damp-heat does not stagnate does not yellow. Use Xiao Yao San (Free and Easy Wanderer Powder). Strictly avoid Yin Chen Wu Ling San (Artemisiae Scopariae and Polyporus Powder); those who use it rarely survive.
In all Shang Han, there is aversion to cold; in Shang Feng (Wind Injury), there is aversion to wind; in Shang Shi (Dampness Injury), there is aversion to rain. If dampness injury is accompanied by aversion to cold, no sweating, joint pain, and a soggy yet floating pulse, with limb flaccidity, this is exterior-dampness, named Shi Bi (Dampness Bi). Promote diuresis and separation; modify Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria). Zhang Zhongjing has Gan Cao Fu Zi Tang (Licorice and Aconite Decoction), containing Bai Zhu, Zhi Gan Cao, Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), and Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata). Bai Zhu stabilizes the Middle and supports the Spleen to dry dampness; Gui Zhi disperses outward through stimulation; Fu Zi is acrid and hot to remove cold-damp stagnation; Zhi Gan Cao warms the Middle and is sweet and slow to remain temporarily in the Middle, preventing Fu Zi from descending too quickly. The subtlety of formula preparation is perfectly suited. If joints are heavy and painful, with edema, wheezing, fullness, abdominal distension resembling stifling, coma, and unconsciousness, the pulse must be deep and slow, or deep and faint/thin. This is named Zhong Shi (Struck by Dampness), suitable for Chu Shi Tang (Dampness-Removing Decoction). For traumatic wounds, if dampness enters through the wound during bathing, causing coma and heaviness resembling Zhong Shi, it is named Po Shang Shi (Traumatic Dampness), suitable for Bai Zhu Jiu (Atractylodis Rhizoma Wine).
The origin of Damp-Heat lies in irregularities of cold/warmth, hunger/fullness, and excessive anger/happiness/labor, injuring the Spleen and Stomach. The Spleen and Stomach are the Sea of Water and Grain. When harmonious, they transport water and grain to produce essence; when injured, they generate fire, steaming water and grain into Damp-Heat. The Stomach governs reception, and the Spleen governs transformation. Now that the Spleen fails to transform, food and drink accumulate, generating more Damp-Heat. Treatment: for the robust, temporarily attack Damp-Heat; for the deficient, combine attacking and tonifying. Tonifying the Spleen, digesting grains, and guiding water are three indispensable aspects. If treated recklessly as one, attacking more leads to greater deficiency, worsening swelling and pain daily. Wu Pi Yin (Five-Bark Decoction) and Wu Zi Wan (Five-Seed Pill) instead drain Qi, ultimately leading to premature death.
Zhu Danxi said: "The head is the meeting of all Yang meridians. Its position is high, its form is empty, its Qi is clear, so clarity resides here." Why does Damp-Heat steam? The clear pathways are blocked, causing heaviness and difficulty, as if covered by something. If untreated for long, dampness stagnates into heat. Heat remains, injuring Blood, failing to nourish sinews, so large sinews become soft and short, leading to spasms. Damp-Heat injures sinews, failing to bind bones, so small sinews relax and lengthen, leading to flaccidity. Wang Bing said: "Normally having Qi disorders, adding Damp-Heat, Qi contends with Damp-Heat, hence swelling." As Yang Qi gradually increases and Yin Qi gradually decreases, pathogen attacks healthy Qi, Qi fails to circulate freely, hence swelling of the four limbs, for all Yang Qi receives influence from the four limbs.