《平人气象论》曰∶人一呼再动，一吸脉亦再动，呼吸定息脉五动，闰以太息，命曰平人。
平人者，不病也。（经脉一周于身，凡长十六丈二尺，呼吸脉各再动，定息脉又一动，则五动也。
计二百七十定息，气行环周，然尽五十营以一万三千五百定息，则气都行八百一十丈，如是则应天
常度。脉气无不及太过，气象平调，故曰平人。）常以不病调病患，医不病，故为病患平息以
调之为法。（此言一息五至之脉，为无病也。鼻中出气曰呼，入气曰吸，呼吸定息，总为一息，言病患
一呼而彼脉遂再动，一吸而彼脉遂再动，呼吸定息脉遂五动，犹岁之有闰，是闰以太息之脉，乃所谓一
息五至也。如此者，名曰平人。平人者，不病也。盖医人一息，则无病之人亦一息，所以知其脉之五
动为不病也。当以不病之人调彼有病之人。缘医者，自己不病故因彼病患，乃平自己之息，以调候之耳。
此所以为诊法也。人身之脉总计一十六丈二尺，一呼脉行三寸，一吸脉行三寸，一百三十五息，脉行八丈
一尺，二百七十息，行十六丈二尺，为一周，一昼一夜，计一万三千五百息，脉行八百一十丈为五
十周，既一十六丈二尺之脉，而积之也。）人一呼脉一动，一吸脉一动，曰少气。（呼吸脉各一动，
候减平人之半，计二百七十定息，气行八丈一只，以一万三千五百定息，都行四百五丈。少气之理从此
可知。此言一息二至之脉为少气，自平脉之不及也言之。）人一呼脉三动，一吸脉三动而躁，尺热曰病
温，尺不热，脉滑曰病风，脉涩曰
痹。（呼吸脉各三动，准过平人之半，计二百七十息，气行凡三十四丈三尺，病生之兆，由斯着矣。
夫尺者，阴分位也，寸者。阳分位也。然阴阳俱热，是则为阴阳独躁，盛则风中阳也。《脉要精微论》
曰∶中恶风者，阳气受也滑为阳盛，故病为风，涩为无血，故为病痹也。此言一息六至之脉，而为诸病，
平脉太过者言之也。）平人之常气禀于胃，胃者，平人之常气也。（常平之气，胃海致之，故曰∶谷入
于胃，脉道乃行。）人无胃气曰逆，逆则死。（脉以胃气为本，无胃气曰逆，逆则死。）春胃微弦
曰平，（言微似弦，不谓微而弦也。钩及软弱毛石义并同。）夏胃微钩曰平，长夏胃微软弱曰平，秋
胃微毛曰平，冬胃微石曰平。（此承上文而言，五脏皆以胃气为本。）脉从阴阳，病易已，脉逆阴阳，
病难己。（脉病相应谓之从。脉病相反谓之逆，此言脉当与病而相顺也。）脉得四时之顺，曰病无他
，脉反四时及不间脏曰难已。（春得秋脉，夏得冬脉，秋得夏脉，冬得四季脉，皆谓反四时之气
不相应。间脏者，如肝病乘土，当传之于脾，及不传之于脾而传之于心，则间其所胜之脏而传之于所生
之脏矣。《难经》所谓间脏者，生是也，及无间脏之脉，皆谓之难已耳。此言脉当于时而相顺也。）人以
水谷为本，故人绝水谷则死，无胃气亦死。所谓无胃气者，但得真脏脉，不得胃气也。所谓脉不得
胃气者，肝不弦，肾不石也。（不弦不石皆谓不微似也。）妇人手少阴脉动甚者，妊子也。（手少阴
脉，谓掌后陷中，当小指动而应手者也。岐伯曰∶其外经病而脏不病，故独取其经，于掌后锐骨之端，此
之谓也。动，谓动脉也。动脉者，大如豆，厥厥动摇也。《正理论》曰∶脉阴阳相搏，名曰动也。）
《平人气象论》说：人每呼气时脉搏跳动两次，每吸气时脉搏也跳动两次，在呼吸之间的停顿（定息）时脉搏再跳动一次，加上偶尔的深长叹息（太息），平均一呼一吸间脉搏跳动五次，这称为“平人”（健康无病之人）。
所谓平人，就是没有疾病的人。（经脉在全身循环一周，总长度为一十六丈二尺。每次呼吸脉搏各跳动两次，定息时再跳动一次，共计五次。计算二百七十次定息，气在体内运行一个循环。然而要完成五十个循环，需要一万三千五百次定息，此时气共运行八百一十丈，这样才符合天道的常规度数。脉气既不过少也不过多，气象平和协调，所以称为平人。）通常以健康人的状态来比照病患，医生因为自己身体健康，所以通过调整自己的呼吸节奏来为病患诊脉作为方法。（这里说的是一息五至的脉象，代表无病。从鼻中呼出的气叫“呼”，吸入的气叫“吸”，呼吸加中间的停顿合称为一息。意思是病患每呼一次，医生的脉搏随之跳动两次；每吸一次，医生的脉搏随之跳动两次；呼吸定息时，脉搏跳动五次，就像年份中有闰月一样，这就是所谓的“闰以太息”的脉象，即所谓的一息五动。像这样的人，叫做平人。平人就是没病的人。大概医生一呼一吸之间，无病之人的脉搏也是一呼一吸，因此知道脉搏一息五动是没有病的表现。应当用无病之人的脉象来比照有病的患者。因为医生自己没病，所以借着患者的情况，调整自己的呼吸来候察脉象。这就是诊脉的方法。人身上的经脉总共长一十六丈二尺，每次呼气脉气行进三寸，每次吸气脉气行进三寸，一百三十五息，脉气行进八丈一尺；二百七十息，行进一十六丈二尺，为一个循环。一昼夜，计算为一万三千五百息，脉气行进八百一十丈，为五十个循环，既然是一十六丈二尺的经脉累积而成的。）如果人每呼气脉搏只跳动一次，每吸气脉搏也只跳动一次，这叫做“少气”（元气不足）。（呼吸时脉搏各跳动一次，比平人的脉象减少了一半。计算二百七十次定息，气只行进八丈一尺；用一万三千五百次定息计算，气共行进四百零五丈。少气的道理由此可知。这里说的是一息两动的脉象属于少气，是从平脉不及的角度来说的。）如果人每呼气脉搏跳动三次，每吸气脉搏也跳动三次且脉势躁急，手腕尺部皮肤发热，这是温病；如果尺部不发热，脉象滑利，这是风病；脉象涩滞，这是痹症。（呼吸时脉搏各跳动三次，超过平人的一半。计算二百七十息，气行进三十四丈三尺，这是生病的征兆，从此可以显现出来。尺部是阴分的部位，寸部是阳分的部位。如果阴阳都热，这就是阴阳独自躁动，盛极则风中于阳。《脉要精微论》说：中受恶风邪气的人，是阳气受了邪。滑脉代表阳盛，所以病为风；涩脉代表血少，所以病为痹。这里说的是一息六动的脉象，从而产生各种疾病，是从平脉太过（超过正常次数）的角度来说的。）平人常有的胃气来源于胃，胃是平人常有的根本之气。（正常的平和之气，由胃这个水谷之海提供，所以说：食物进入胃中，脉道才能正常运行。）人如果没有胃气就叫做“逆”，逆则死亡。（脉象以胃气为根本，没有胃气叫做逆，逆则死。）春季脉象带有微微的弦象而兼有胃气，称为平脉；夏季脉象带有微微的钩象（洪大）而兼有胃气，称为平脉；长夏季节脉象带有微微的软弱象而兼有胃气，称为平脉；秋季脉象带有微微的毛象（浮）而兼有胃气，称为平脉；冬季脉象带有微微的石象（沉）而兼有胃气，称为平脉。（这是承接上文所说，五脏都以胃气为根本。）脉象顺应阴阳变化，病容易痊愈；脉象违背阴阳变化，病难以痊愈。（脉与病相应称为“从”。脉与病相反称为“逆”，这里说的是脉应当与病证相顺。）脉象顺应四时变化，称为病无他变；脉象违背四时变化以及出现“不间脏”传变，称为难愈。（春季出现秋季的脉象，夏季出现冬季的脉象，秋季出现夏季的脉象，冬季出现四季末月的脉象，都称为违背四时之气而不相应。“间脏”是指，比如肝病传脾，应当传给所克的脾脏，如果不传给脾而传给心，则是隔过了所胜之脏而传给所生之脏了。《难经》所说的间脏，就是相生关系的传变，以及无间脏的脉象，都称为难愈。这里说的是脉应当与时令相顺。）人以水谷为根本，所以人断绝水谷就会死亡，没有胃气也会死亡。所谓没有胃气，就是只能见到真脏脉，而见不到胃气。所谓脉中没有胃气，就是肝脉不显弦象，肾脉不显石象。（不弦不石都指不像微似的那种柔和之象。）妇女手掌后手少阴脉跳动明显的，是怀孕的迹象。（手少阴脉，指的是手掌后方凹陷处，当小指侧动脉跳动应手的地方。岐伯说：其外经有病而内脏无病，所以单独取这条经，在掌后锐骨之端，说的就是这个位置。动，指的是动脉。动脉者，形状如豆粒，厥厥然动摇不定。《正理论》说：脉象阴阳相互搏击，叫做动。）
The *Ping Ren Qi Xiang Lun* (Treatise on the Normal Person and Pulse Phenomena) states: When a person exhales, the pulse beats twice; when they inhale, the pulse also beats twice. At the pause between breaths (Ding Xi), the pulse beats once more. Including occasional deep sighs (Tai Xi), averaging five beats per respiration cycle is termed a "Ping Ren" (Normal/Healthy Person).
A Ping Ren is one who is free from disease. (The meridians circulate throughout the body with a total length of 16 zhang 2 chi. With two beats per inhalation and two per exhalation, plus one beat at the pause, there are five beats in total. Calculating 270 pauses constitutes one full circulation of Qi. However, to complete fifty cycles requires 13,500 pauses, during which Qi travels 810 zhang. This corresponds to the constant measure of Heaven. The pulse Qi is neither deficient nor excessive, and the phenomenon is harmonious, thus called a Ping Ren.) Generally, one uses the healthy state as a standard to adjust for the patient. Since the physician is healthy, they regulate their own breathing to diagnose the patient as a method. (This refers to the pulse of five beats per respiration, indicating no disease. Exhaling air from the nose is called "Hu"; inhaling air is called "Xi". Together with the pause, it forms one respiration. It means that when the patient exhales, the physician's pulse beats twice; when the patient inhales, the physician's pulse beats twice; at the pause, it beats five times, similar to having a leap month in a year. This is the pulse of "leaping via deep sigh," known as five beats per respiration. Such a person is called a Ping Ren. A Ping Ren is one without disease. Essentially, within one respiration of the physician, a healthy person's pulse also completes one cycle, allowing one to know that five beats per respiration indicates health. One should use the pulse of a healthy person to calibrate that of a sick person. Because the physician is not ill, they utilize the patient's condition to calm their own breath and observe the pulse. This is the method of diagnosis. The total length of pulses in the human body is 16 zhang 2 chi. With each exhalation, pulse Qi moves three cun; with each inhalation, it moves three cun. In 135 respirations, pulse Qi moves 8 zhang 1 chi; in 270 respirations, it moves 16 zhang 2 chi, completing one cycle. In a day and night, totaling 13,500 respirations, pulse Qi moves 810 zhang, constituting fifty cycles, accumulated from the 16 zhang 2 chi of meridians.) If a person's pulse beats once per exhalation and once per inhalation, it is called "Shao Qi" (Deficient Qi). (With one beat per breath, it is half the rate of a normal person. In 270 pauses, Qi moves only 8 zhang 1 chi; in 13,500 pauses, it moves only 405 zhang. The principle of Shao Qi can be understood from this. This refers to a pulse of two beats per respiration being Shao Qi, discussed from the perspective of deficiency relative to the normal pulse.) If a person's pulse beats three times per exhalation and three times per inhalation, and is rapid/agitated, with heat at the Chi position (wrist), it is a Wen Bing (Warm Disease); if the Chi position is not hot, and the pulse is slippery, it is a Feng Bing (Wind Disease); if the pulse is choppy, it is a Bi Syndrome (Obstruction). (With three beats per breath, it exceeds the normal by half. In 270 respirations, Qi moves 34 zhang 3 chi, signaling the onset of disease. The Chi position is the Yin sector; the Cun position is the Yang sector. If both Yin and Yang are hot, it indicates independent agitation of Yin and Yang, where excess leads to Wind attacking Yang. The *Mai Yao Jing Wei Lun* states: Those struck by evil wind have affected Yang Qi. Slippery pulse indicates Yang excess, hence Wind disease; Choppy pulse indicates blood deficiency, hence Bi syndrome. This refers to a pulse of six beats per respiration leading to various diseases, discussed from the perspective of excess relative to the normal pulse.) The normal Qi of a healthy person is derived from the Stomach; the Stomach is the root of normal Qi. (Normal, peaceful Qi is provided by the Sea of Grain, the Stomach. Thus it is said: When food enters the Stomach, the pulse pathways begin to flow.) If a person lacks Stomach Qi, it is called "Ni" (Rebellion/Opposition), and Ni leads to death. (The pulse is rooted in Stomach Qi; lacking Stomach Qi is called Ni, and Ni leads to death.) In Spring, a pulse with a slight string-like quality (Xian) accompanied by Stomach Qi is normal; in Summer, a pulse with a slight hook-like quality (Gou/Hong) accompanied by Stomach Qi is normal; in Late Summer, a pulse with a slight soft/weak quality accompanied by Stomach Qi is normal; in Autumn, a pulse with a slight hair-like (floating) quality accompanied by Stomach Qi is normal; in Winter, a pulse with a slight stone-like (deep) quality accompanied by Stomach Qi is normal. (This continues the previous statement that all five Zang organs take Stomach Qi as their foundation.) If the pulse follows Yin and Yang, the illness is easy to cure; if the pulse opposes Yin and Yang, the illness is difficult to cure. (Pulse corresponding to the disease is called "Cong" (Following). Pulse opposing the disease is called "Ni" (Opposing). This states that the pulse should accord with the disease.) If the pulse conforms to the four seasons, the illness has no other complications; if the pulse contradicts the four seasons or involves non-interleaved Zang transmission, it is difficult to cure. (Spring showing Autumn pulse, Summer showing Winter pulse, Autumn showing Summer pulse, Winter showing End-of-Season pulse, are all called contradicting the four seasons and not corresponding. "Interleaved Zang" transmission means, for example, Liver disease affecting Earth should transmit to the Spleen. If it does not transmit to the Spleen but transmits to the Heart, it skips the conquered organ and transmits to the generated organ. The *Nan Jing* refers to interleaved Zang as generation-based transmission. Both interleaved and non-interleaved pulses are considered difficult to cure. This states that the pulse should accord with the season.) Humans rely on water and grain as their foundation; thus, humans die when cut off from water and grain, and also die without Stomach Qi. What is meant by lacking Stomach Qi is obtaining only the True Zang Pulse without any Stomach Qi. What is meant by a pulse lacking Stomach Qi is that the Liver pulse does not show the string-like quality, and the Kidney pulse does not show the stone-like quality. (Not string-like and not stone-like refer to the absence of the subtle, gentle qualities.) In women, if the Hand Shaoyin pulse (Heart Meridian) beats prominently, it indicates pregnancy. (The Hand Shaoyin pulse refers to the depression behind the palm, where the artery moves and responds under the finger near the little finger side. Qibo said: When the exterior meridian is diseased but the interior organ is not, one selects only the meridian, at the end of the sharp bone behind the palm. This is what is meant. "Move" refers to the Dong Mai (Moving Pulse). The Moving Pulse is like a bean, quivering and shaking. The *Zheng Li Lun* states: When Yin and Yang pulses beat against each other, it is called "Dong".)