禀地二之气以生，兼得乎春阳之气而成，故味苦、辛，气温，无毒。入足太阴、
手足阳明经，辛能散结，苦能泄热。温能散寒。色紫味辛者良。
浓朴，消痰下气宽中、腹痛胀满散结之要药。主中风寒热，霍乱转筋，温中平胃，
消痰化食，去水破血，胃疼腹痛，呕逆吐酸，泻痢淋露，去三虫散湿，除热。同解利
药用，则治伤寒头痛，同泄利药用则浓肠胃，孕妇少服，以其苦温辛热，恐损胎元
耳。惟客寒犯胃，湿气浸脾者宜之。
主治（痘疹合参） 温中益气，浓肠胃，走冷气，消宿食，健胃宽中，呕逆泻泄，饮
食不进，腹痛胀满，散结之神药。凡痘疮伤胃，腹胀等症可用，若脾阴不足，脾气有虚
者忌之。
按∶浓朴，苦能下气，走而不守，大损真气，故虚人孕妇服之，虽一时未见其害，
而清纯冲和之气，潜伤默耗也，并所忌耳。
得土金之气，故味甘兼辛，气寒，无毒。入手太阴经。甘以固元气而补不足，辛
以泻肺气之有余。凡肺中火气、水气、痰、
气，喘嗽唾血，咸切除之。且甘寒补益，善缝金疮伤损，立愈。叶，味甘气寒，甘寒相
合，故凉血下气益阴，阴虚寒热，其味兼燥，故除香港脚水肿，原禀金气，经霜则更得
天地之清肃，故能祛风明目。宜东行深土者佳，出土上者杀人，入清热疏散宜生用。入
补肺药宜蜜水拌炒用。
桑白皮，入太阴肺脏，甘助元气而补劳怯虚羸，辛泻火邪，而止喘嗽唾血，利水消
肿，解渴驱痰，大抵泻有余，此其长，补不足，此其短。所以有性不纯良，不宜多服之
戒，肺虚而小便利者尤忌之。有以桑皮为肺中之气药，紫菀为肺中之血药，敢色以调剂
也。叶经霜者煮汤洗眼，去风泪殊胜，盐捣敷蛇虫咬毒，蒸捣罨扑损瘀凝，煎代茶消水
肿，脚浮下气，令关节利，研作散，止霍乱吐泻，出汗除风痹痛。枝煎常饮，耳目聪
明，去香港脚，手足拘挛，治风痒，皮毛枯槁，阴管通便，眼眶退晕，利喘嗽逆气，消
肿毒痈。椹乃桑之精华所结，味甘气寒，为益血除热养阴之药，收采晒干，蜜和丸
散，利关窍，镇神魂，久服不饥，聪耳明目，黑椹绞汁，熬膏加蜜，解金石燥热，止
渴，染须发，皓首成乌。桑耳，又名桑菌，又名桑黄，醇酒煎尝，散血如神，止血甚
捷，黑者主女人 瘕崩漏及乳痈暴来，黄者治男子癖饮积聚腹痛，金疮初得，若色黄热
陈白，止泄补益元阳。桑上寄生，节间生出，叶浓软如橘叶，茎肥脆似槐枚，碎其
实，稠粘有汁，折其茎以色深黄，仍取缠附桑枝为贵，散疮疡，道风湿，却背强腰痛笃
疾，安胎孕，下乳汁，止崩中漏血沉 ，胎产内伤，产后余疾，健筋骨，充肌肤，愈金
疮益血脉，长须发，坚牙齿，乃风湿挛疼之圣药。
按∶桑寄生，感桑之精气而生，故味苦甘，其气平和，不寒不热，无毒，主治一本
于桑，因抽其精阴，故力尤胜，所以为益血和血，除湿祛风，除痹安胎，产后诸症之用也。
主治（痘疹合参） 桑白皮，泻肺定喘，下气宽胸。咳嗽吐血，消痰止渴。桑虫凡痘
初起，大能发痘，或随出随没者神妙。若气虚塌陷，不能灌浆者，亦可用大桑虫，有人
参之功。若取其浆冲人参汤服，尤能补托。冲紫草汤服，又能清托血热痘症，但已发透
者，并灌浆足者，及泄泻者不可过用。
禀受地之阴气以生成，兼得春季阳气而成就，所以味道苦、辛，药性温，无毒。归入足太阴脾经、手阳明大肠经和足阳明胃经。辛味能散结滞，苦味能泄热邪，温性能散寒邪。颜色紫、味道辛的药材品质较好。
厚朴（Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis），是消除痰饮、降逆下气、宽中除满以及消散腹痛胀满结聚的重要药物。主治中风引起的寒热症状，霍乱导致的筋脉拘挛抽搐，温暖中焦平定胃气，消除痰饮化除食积，破除水饮瘀血，治疗胃痛腹痛，呕吐逆气吐酸水，腹泻痢疾淋证淋漓不尽，驱除肠道寄生虫并散发湿气，清除热邪。与解表利膈的药物同用，可治疗伤寒头痛；与止泻药物同用，则能厚肠胃（增强胃肠功能）。孕妇应少量服用，因为其苦温辛热的性质，恐怕损伤胎元。只有外感寒邪侵犯胃部，湿气浸淫脾脏的情况才适宜使用。
主治（《痘疹合参》）：温暖中焦益气，厚肠胃，驱逐冷气，消除恶性宿食，健胃宽中，治疗呕吐逆气腹泻，饮食不进，腹痛胀满，是消散结聚的神效药物。凡是痘疮损伤胃气，出现腹胀等症状可以使用。如果脾阴不足，脾气虚弱者忌用。
按语：厚朴，苦味能下气，走窜而不守静，大损真气，所以体虚的人和孕妇服用它，虽然一时未见危害，但清纯冲和之气会被暗中消耗伤害，这也是其禁忌所在。
桑白皮（Cortex Mori）禀受土和金之气，所以味道甘兼辛，药性寒，无毒。归入手太阴肺经。甘味能固护元气并补益不足，辛味能泻除肺气之有余。凡肺中的火气、水气、痰饮、气逆，以及气喘咳嗽、唾血等症状，都能将其切除清除。而且甘寒具有补益作用，善于缝合金创损伤，使其立即痊愈。桑叶，味道甘气寒，甘寒相合，所以能凉血、下气、益阴，治疗阴虚引起的寒热症状。它的味道兼有燥性，所以能去除香港脚（脚气病）和水肿。原本禀受金气，经过霜冻后更得到天地清肃之气，所以能祛风明目。以东向深土中生长的为佳，出土上部的会杀人（有毒或有害），用于清热疏散宜生用。用于补肺药宜用蜜水拌炒后使用。
桑白皮，入太阴肺脏，甘味助元气而补益劳怯虚羸，辛味泻火邪，而停止喘嗽唾血，利水消肿，解渴驱痰。大致来说，泻除有余是其长处，补益不足是其短处。所以有药性不纯良，不宜多服的告诫，肺虚且小便频数者尤其忌讳。有人将桑皮视为肺中的气药，紫菀为肺中的血药，敢于以此进行调剂。经霜的桑叶煮汤洗眼，去风泪效果极佳；盐捣敷蛇虫咬伤毒肿；蒸捣外敷跌打损伤瘀血凝结；煎汤代茶消除水肿，使下肢浮肿之气下降，令关节通利；研末作散剂，止霍乱吐泻；出汗除风痹痛。枝条煎煮常饮，耳目聪明，去脚气，手足拘挛，治风痒，皮毛枯槁，阴部管窍通便，眼眶退晕，利喘嗽逆气，消肿毒痈疽。桑葚乃桑树精华所结，味甘气寒，是益血、除热、养阴的药物。采收晒干，蜜和制成丸散，通利关窍，镇安神魂，久服不饥，聪耳明目，黑桑葚绞汁，熬膏加蜜，解金石燥热，止渴，染须发，使白发变黑。桑耳，又名桑菌，又名桑黄，醇酒煎服，散血如神，止血极快。黑色的主治妇女癥瘕崩漏及乳痈突发，黄色的治男子癖饮积聚腹痛，金疮初起，若色黄热陈白，止泄补益元阳。桑上寄生，节间生出，叶浓软如橘叶，茎肥脆似槐枝，碎其果实，稠粘有汁，折其茎呈深黄色，仍取缠绕依附桑枝的为贵。散疮疡，导风湿，祛除背强腰痛重症，安胎孕，下乳汁，止崩中漏血，治疗胎产内伤，产后余疾，健筋骨，充肌肤，愈金疮益血脉，长须发，坚牙齿，是风湿挛疼的圣药。
按语：桑寄生，感桑之精气而生，所以味道苦甘，其气平和，不寒不热，无毒。主治一本于桑，因抽取其精阴，所以效力尤为显著，因此作为益血和血、除湿祛风、除痹安胎、治疗产后诸症之用。
主治（《痘疹合参》）：桑白皮，泻肺定喘，下气宽胸。治疗咳嗽吐血，消痰止渴。桑虫凡痘疮初起，大能发痘，或随出随没者神妙。若气虚塌陷，不能灌浆者，也可用大桑虫，有人参之功。若取其浆液冲人参汤服，尤能补托。冲紫草汤服，又能清托血热痘症。但已发透者，并灌浆足者，及泄泻者不可过用。
Born from the Yin Qi of Earth and completed by acquiring the Yang Qi of Spring, its taste is bitter and pungent, its nature is warm, and it is non-toxic. It enters the Foot Taiyin (Spleen), Hand Yangming (Large Intestine), and Foot Yangming (Stomach) meridians. Pungency can dissipate stagnation, bitterness can drain heat, and warmth can dispel cold. Those with a purple color and pungent taste are of good quality.
Houpo (Magnolia Bark), an essential herb for eliminating phlegm, directing rebellious Qi downward, relaxing the middle jiao, and dissipating nodules causing abdominal pain and distension. It treats wind-stroke with alternating chills and fever, cholera with muscle cramps, warms the middle jiao to calm the Stomach, eliminates phlegm and transforms food stagnation, breaks up fluid retention and blood stasis, treats stomachache and abdominal pain, vomiting with acid regurgitation, diarrhea, dysentery, and dribbling urination, expels intestinal parasites and disperses dampness, and clears heat. When used with herbs that release the exterior and benefit the diaphragm, it treats headache due to Cold Damage (Shanghan). When used with herbs that stop diarrhea, it thickens the intestines and stomach. Pregnant women should take it in small doses because its bitter-warm and pungent-hot nature may damage the fetal origin. It is suitable only for cases where external cold invades the Stomach and dampness soaks the Spleen.
Indications (from *Douzhen He Can*): Warms the middle jiao and benefits Qi, thickens the intestines and stomach, drives away cold Qi, eliminates old food stagnation, strengthens the Stomach and relaxes the middle jiao, treats vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and distension; it is a miraculous herb for dissipating nodules. It can be used for conditions where pox damages the Stomach Qi, such as abdominal distension. However, it is contraindicated for those with insufficient Spleen Yin or deficient Spleen Qi.
Commentary: Houpo, through its bitterness, directs Qi downward. It moves freely and does not stay put, significantly damaging True Qi. Therefore, when taken by weak individuals or pregnant women, although no harm may be seen immediately, the pure and harmonious Qi is secretly consumed and damaged, which is why it is contraindicated.
Acquiring the Qi of Earth and Metal, Sangbaipi (Morus Bark) has a sweet and pungent taste and a cold nature, and is non-toxic. It enters the Hand Taiyin (Lung) meridian. Sweetness consolidates Yuan Qi and supplements deficiencies, while pungency drains excess Lung Qi. It can eliminate fire Qi, water Qi, phlegm, and Qi rebellion in the Lungs, as well as wheezing, coughing, and hemoptysis. Furthermore, its sweet-cold properties nourish and are excellent at healing metal wounds and injuries, leading to immediate recovery. Mulberry leaves have a sweet taste and cold nature; the combination of sweet and cold cools the blood, directs Qi downward, and nourishes Yin, treating chills and fever due to Yin deficiency. Its slightly drying taste allows it to treat Hong Kong foot (pedis athlete's foot/edema) and edema. Originally endowed with Metal Qi, after enduring frost, it gains the clear and肃 (solemn/clearing) Qi of Heaven and Earth, enabling it to dispel wind and brighten the eyes. Those grown deep in eastern soil are best; those on the surface are harmful. For clearing heat and dispersing, use raw. For tonifying the Lungs, stir-fry with honey-water.
Sangbaipi enters the Taiyin Lung organ. Sweetness assists Yuan Qi and treats consumptive weakness, while pungency drains fire pathogens, stops wheezing, coughing, and hemoptysis, promotes urination to reduce edema, relieves thirst, and expels phlegm. Generally, draining excess is its strength, while supplementing deficiency is its weakness. Hence, there is a warning that its nature is not purely benign and it should not be taken in large amounts. It is especially contraindicated for those with Lung deficiency and frequent urination. Some consider Sangpi as the Qi herb of the Lungs, and Ziwan (Aster Root) as the Blood herb of the Lungs, daring to use them for regulation. Frosted mulberry leaves boiled into decoction for washing eyes effectively dispel wind tears. Crushed with salt and applied externally, it treats snake and insect bites. Steamed and mashed for external application, it treats bruises and blood stasis from falls. Decocted as tea, it reduces edema, lowers Qi in the lower limbs, and unblocks joints. Ground into powder, it stops cholera vomiting and diarrhea. Sweating dispels wind-bi pain. Branches decocted for regular drinking improve hearing and vision, treat podagra, hand and foot spasms, wind-itch, dry skin and hair, unblock the urethra, reduce eye halos, relieve wheezing and rebellious Qi, and reduce swelling and carbuncles. Mulberries are the essence of the Mulberry tree, with a sweet taste and cold nature, serving as an herb to benefit blood, clear heat, and nourish Yin. Harvested and dried, mixed with honey into pills or powders, they open orifices, calm the Shen (Spirit), prevent hunger with long-term use, and improve hearing and vision. Juice from black mulberries, boiled into paste with honey, resolves dry heat from minerals/metals, relieves thirst, dyes hair black. Sang'er (Fungus on Mulberry), also known as Sangjun or Sanghuang, decocted in strong wine, disperses blood miraculously and stops bleeding rapidly. Black ones treat women's masses, metrorrhagia, and sudden mastitis; yellow ones treat men's hidden fluid accumulation, abdominal masses, and pain, and fresh metal wounds. If yellow, hot, old, and white, they stop diarrhea and tonify Yuan Yang. Sangjisheng (Taxillus Stem) grows between nodes, with leaves thick and soft like orange leaves, stems fat and brittle like locust branches. Crushing the fruit yields sticky juice; breaking the stem reveals dark yellow color. Those still attached to mulberry branches are prized. They disperse carbuncles, guide wind-dampness, cure severe back stiffness and lumbar pain, calm the fetus, promote lactation, stop metrorrhagia, treat internal injury during pregnancy/delivery, postpartum residual diseases, strengthen sinews and bones, fill flesh, heal metal wounds, benefit blood vessels, grow hair and nails, and harden teeth. They are the holy medicine for wind-dampness and spasmodic pain.
Commentary: Sangjisheng grows by absorbing the essence of the Mulberry tree, hence its bitter-sweet taste and mild nature, neither cold nor hot, and non-toxic. Its indications are rooted in the Mulberry, but because it extracts the essence of Yin, its efficacy is superior. Thus, it is used to benefit and harmonize blood, remove dampness and dispel wind, relieve bi-syndrome and calm the fetus, and treat various postpartum conditions.
Indications (from *Douzhen He Can*): Sangbaipi drains the Lungs, calms wheezing, directs Qi downward, and relaxes the chest. It treats coughing and hemoptysis, eliminates phlegm, and relieves thirst. Sangchong (Mulberry Insect): At the initial stage of pox, it greatly promotes eruption; if pox appears and disappears quickly, it is miraculous. For Qi deficiency with sinking and inability to fill pustules, large Sangchong can be used, possessing effects similar to Renshen (Ginseng). Taking its juice mixed with Renshen decoction further aids supplementation and support. Mixed with Zicao (Arnebia) decoction, it clears and supports blood-heat pox conditions. However, it should not be overused for cases already fully erupted, sufficiently filled with pus, or accompanied by diarrhea.