寒疝者。囊冷如冰。坚硬如石。阴茎不举。或控睾丸而痛。此因坐卧石地寒月涉水。外感寒湿
而然。脉沉细缓者。宜用补中汤。加桂枝细辛之类。若脉
来滑大有力。标寒束其本热也。亦用柴葛二妙汤。若原有疝气反缩入内。聚于小腹疼痛异常者。阴寒夹食。积聚不通。
宜用蟠葱散。
水疝者。皮色光亮。状如水晶。脉来弦数者。病为阳水。宜用龙胆泻肝汤。恐其肿痛不消。必致作脓。
脉沉细缓者。又为阴水。宜用五苓散。
筋疝者。阴茎肿胀。挺纵不收。或有白物如精。随溺而下。得之春方。邪淫所
使。龙胆泻肝汤。清肝渗湿汤。俱可量用。日久病深。宜用滋阴地黄丸。
血疝者。状如黄瓜。居阴毛之上。俗名便痈者是也。若在腿缝之上。左为鱼口。右为便毒。非血疝也。治之之法。
亦照囊痈调理。
气疝者。不痛不痒。但觉肿坠。此因气怒郁于下焦。宜用柴胡平肝汤。日久气虚。亦用橘练补中汤。其在小儿名为
偏坠。得之父精怯弱。强力入房。因而有子。胎中病也。亦用橘练补中汤。
狐疝者。昼则肿坠。夜则入腹。按之有声。如狐之昼出而夜归也。故名狐疝。治之难愈。橘练补中汤。八味地黄丸。
审而用之。
疝者。阴囊胀大如升如斗。俗名沙HT 是也。每见身死之后。疝气全消。可见阴囊之大。全是气虚下陷。苟
于未大之前。常服橘练补中丸。亦可免其渐长。不可误认水肿。妄用针刺。（景岳以疝病属气不疏治宜舒气为主是创言也
若遇七疝皆属气凝治以舒气则凝者散而疝自愈矣。）
柴葛二妙汤
柴胡 黄芩 半夏 甘草 干葛 赤芍 苍术 黄柏 枳壳 浓朴 川芎 香附
橘练补中汤
人参 黄 白术 甘草 当归 陈皮 升麻 柴胡 橘核 川练子 白芍 小茴香
此方虽能升提下陷。气虚甚者。无参则不效。
清肝渗湿汤
当归 川芎 白芍 熟地 柴胡 黄岑 山栀 龙胆草 花粉 甘草 泽泻 木通
热盛加黄连（治疝气偏坠肿不可忍附方 槐子一钱炒黑色为末入盐三分空心黄酒调服）
黄酒调服。
滋阴内托散
当归 川芎 白芍 熟地 黄 泽泻 皂角刺 穿山甲
又方杏仁（去皮尖） 茴香（各一两） 葱白（焙干五钱）
共为末。每服五钱。黄酒调服。嚼核桃肉咽下。
蟠葱散（散寒利气之主方）
苍术 三棱 砂仁 丁香 肉桂 炮姜 玄胡 白茯 甘草 葱白
八角茴香丸
山楂 枳实 大茴 吴萸 荔枝核
龙胆泻肝汤
龙胆草 连翘 生地 黄芩 黄连 山栀 归尾 甘草 泽泻 车前子 木通 大黄
柴胡平肝汤
柴胡 黄芩 半夏 甘草 白芍 川芎 香附
寒疝：阴囊寒冷如冰，坚硬如石，阴茎不能勃起，或者牵引睾丸疼痛。这是因为坐卧在石地上或在寒冷的月份涉水，外感寒湿所致。如果脉象沉细缓，适宜使用补中汤，加入桂枝、细辛之类的药物。如果脉象滑大有力，这是标部寒邪束缚了本部的热邪，也使用柴葛二妙汤。如果原本有疝气反而缩入体内，聚集在小腹异常疼痛，这是阴寒夹杂食积，积聚不通，适宜使用蟠葱散。
水疝：皮肤颜色光亮，形状像水晶。脉象弦数的，病属阳水，适宜使用龙胆泻肝汤。担心肿痛不消退，必然导致化脓。脉象沉细缓的，又属于阴水，适宜使用五苓散。
筋疝：阴茎肿胀，挺举纵长无法收回，或者有白色分泌物像精液一样，随小便排出。这是由于春季房事不节，受邪淫所使。龙胆泻肝汤、清肝渗湿汤，都可以酌情使用。如果日久病深，适宜使用滋阴地黄丸。
血疝：形状像黄瓜，位于阴毛之上，俗称便痈的就是这种。如果在腿缝之上，左边叫鱼口，右边叫便毒，这就不是血疝了。治疗的方法，也按照囊痈来调理。
气疝：不痛不痒，只感觉肿胀下坠。这是因为生气郁结于下焦，适宜使用柴胡平肝汤。如果日久气虚，也使用橘练补中汤。在小儿身上称为偏坠，是由于父亲精气怯弱，强力行房而得子，胎中带来的疾病，也使用橘练补中汤。
狐疝：白天肿胀下坠，晚上缩回腹部，按压时有声音，就像狐狸白天出来晚上回去一样，所以名叫狐疝。治疗难以痊愈，橘练补中汤、八味地黄丸，仔细审察后使用。
疝（泛指）：阴囊胀大如升如斗，俗称沙疝是这种。经常见到人死后，疝气完全消失，可见阴囊之大，全是气虚下陷。如果在尚未变大之前，常服橘练补中丸，也可以避免其逐渐长大。不可误认为是水肿，妄用针刺。（张景岳认为疝病属于气机不畅，治疗应以舒理气机为主，这是创见之言。如果遇到七种疝气都属于气凝滞，治疗以舒理气机，那么凝滞之气消散，疝气自然痊愈。）
柴葛二妙汤
柴胡、黄芩、半夏、甘草、干葛、赤芍、苍术、黄柏、枳壳、浓朴、川芎、香附
橘练补中汤
人参、黄芪、白术、甘草、当归、陈皮、升麻、柴胡、橘核、川楝子、白芍、小茴香
此方虽然能升提下陷之气，但气虚严重的人，没有参则无效。
清肝渗湿汤
当归、川芎、白芍、熟地、柴胡、黄芩、山栀、龙胆草、花粉、甘草、泽泻、木通
热盛加黄连（治疝气偏坠肿不可忍附方：槐子一钱炒黑色为末，入盐三分，空心黄酒调服）
滋阴内托散
当归、川芎、白芍、熟地、黄芪、泽泻、皂角刺、穿山甲
又方杏仁（去皮尖）、茴香（各一两）、葱白（焙干五钱）
共为末，每服五钱，黄酒调服，嚼核桃肉咽下。
蟠葱散（散寒利气之主方）
苍术、三棱、砂仁、丁香、肉桂、炮姜、玄胡、白茯、甘草、葱白
Cold Hernia (Han Shan): The scrotum is cold as ice and hard as stone, the penis cannot erect, or there is pain radiating to the testicles. This is caused by sitting or lying on stone floors or wading in water during cold months, leading to external contraction of Cold-Dampness. If the pulse is deep, fine, and slow, Bu Zhong Tang (Tonify the Middle Decoction) should be used, with additions such as Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) and Xixin (Asarum). If the pulse is slippery, large, and forceful, it indicates that superficial Cold binds internal Heat; Chai Ge Er Miao Tang (Bupleurum and Pueraria Two Marvels Decoction) should also be used. If a pre-existing hernia retracts inward and gathers in the lower abdomen causing severe pain, this is Yin-Cold combined with Food Stagnation causing accumulation and blockage; Pan Cong San (Coiling Scallion Powder) is appropriate.
Water Hernia (Shui Shan): The skin is shiny and bright, resembling crystal. If the pulse is wiry and rapid, the disease is Yang Water; Long Dan Xie Gan Tang (Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction) is suitable. One must fear that swelling and pain will not subside, inevitably leading to suppuration. If the pulse is deep, fine, and slow, it is Yin Water; Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is suitable.
Sinew Hernia (Jin Shan): The penis is swollen, erect and flaccid without retracting, or white discharge resembling semen passes down with urine. This results from improper sexual conduct in spring, induced by pathogenic factors. Long Dan Xie Gan Tang (Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction) and Qing Gan Shen Shi Tang (Clear Liver and Leach Out Dampness Decoction) can both be used according to the situation. If the disease persists and becomes deep, Zi Yin Di Huang Wan (Nourish Yin Pill of Rehmannia) is suitable.
Blood Hernia (Xue Shan): It resembles a cucumber and is located above the pubic hair, commonly known as Bian Yong (Perineal Abscess). If it occurs above the groin crease, the left side is called Yu Kou (Fish Mouth) and the right side Bian Du (Perineal Toxicity); these are not Blood Hernias. The treatment method follows the regulation for Nang Yong (Scrotal Abscess).
Qi Hernia (Qi Shan): There is no pain or itching, only a sensation of swelling and bearing down. This is due to Qi stagnation from anger in the Lower Jiao (Lower Burner). Chai Hu Ping Gan Tang (Bupleurum Liver-Calming Decoction) is suitable. If Qi deficiency develops over time, Ju Lian Bu Zhong Tang (Tangerine Peel and Toosendan Tonify the Middle Decoction) is also used. In children, it is called Pian Zhui (Oblique Drooping), caused by the father's weak essence and excessive intercourse resulting in conception, representing a congenital condition. Ju Lian Bu Zhong Tang is also used.
Fox Hernia (Hu Shan): During the day, it swells and drops; at night, it retracts into the abdomen. Pressing it produces sound, similar to a fox emerging by day and returning by night, hence the name Fox Hernia. It is difficult to cure. Ju Lian Bu Zhong Tang (Tangerine Peel and Toosendan Tonify the Middle Decoction) and Ba Wei Di Huang Wan (Eight-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) should be used after careful examination.
General Hernia: The scrotum swells to the size of a measuring cup or bucket, commonly known as Sha Shan (Sand Hernia). It is often observed that after death, the hernia completely disappears, indicating that the enlargement of the scrotum is entirely due to Qi deficiency and sinking. If Ju Lian Bu Zhong Wan (Tangerine Peel and Toosendan Tonify the Middle Pill) is taken regularly before significant enlargement, its gradual growth can be prevented. Do not mistake it for Edema (Shui Zhong) and use acupuncture needles recklessly. (Zhang Jingyue proposed that hernia diseases belong to stagnant Qi, and treatment should focus on soothing Qi; this is an innovative view. If all seven types of hernia are attributed to Qi coagulation, treating with Qi-soothing methods will disperse the coagulation, and the hernia will heal itself.)
Chai Ge Er Miao Tang (Bupleurum and Pueraria Two Marvels Decoction)
Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Gan Ge (Puerariae Radix), Chi Shao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Huang Bo (Phellodendri Cortex), Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Nong Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Xiang Fu (Cyperi Rhizoma).
Ju Lian Bu Zhong Tang (Tangerine Peel and Toosendan Tonify the Middle Decoction)
Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix), Huang Qi (Astragali Radix), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), Ju He (Murrhoeae Fructus), Chuan Lian Zi (Toosendan Fructus), Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Xiao Hui Xiang (Foeniculi Fructus).
Although this formula can lift sinking Qi, it is ineffective without Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix) in cases of severe Qi deficiency.
Qing Gan Shen Shi Tang (Clear Liver and Leach Out Dampness Decoction)
Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Shu Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata), Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Shan Zhi (Gardeniae Fructus), Long Dan Cao (Gentianae Radix), Hua Fen (Trichosanthis Radix), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Mu Tong (Akebiae Caulis).
Add Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma) if Heat is excessive.
(Attached Formula for unbearable swelling of oblique drooping hernia: Huai Zi (Sophorae Japonicae Fructus) 1 qian, stir-fried until black, ground into powder; add 3 fen salt; take on an empty stomach mixed with Huang Jiu (Yellow Wine).)
Zi Ni Nei Tuo San (Nourish Yin and Support from Within Powder)
Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Shu Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata), Huang Qi (Astragali Radix), Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Zao Jiao Ci (Gleditsiae Spina), Chuan Shan Jia (Manis Squama).
Another Formula:
Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, peeled and tip removed), Hui Xiang (Foeniculi Fructus) (each 1 liang), Cong Bai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus, baked dry) (5 qian).
Grind together into powder. Take 5 qian per dose, mixed with Huang Jiu (Yellow Wine). Chew Walnut meat and swallow.
Pan Cong San (Coiling Scallion Powder) (Main Formula for Dispersing Cold and Promoting Qi Flow)
Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), San Leng (Sparganii Rhizoma), Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus), Ding Xiang (Caryophylli Flos), Rou Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex), Pao Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum), Yuan Hu (Corydalis Rhizoma), Bai Fu Ling (Poria), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Cong Bai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus).
Ba Jiao Hui Xiang Wan (Eight-Angle Fennel Pill)
Shan Zha (Crataegi Fructus), Zhi Shi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Da Hui (Foeniculi Fructus), Wu Zhu Yu (Evodiae Fructus), Li Zhi He (Litchi Semen).
Long Dan Xie Gan Tang (Gentian Liver-Draining Decoction)
Long Dan Cao (Gentianae Radix), Lian Qiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Sheng Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Shan Zhi (Gardeniae Fructus), Gui Wei (Angelicae Sinensis Radix Tail), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Che Qian Zi (Plantaginis Semen), Mu Tong (Akebiae Caulis), Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma).
Chai Hu Ping Gan Tang (Bupleurum Liver-Calming Decoction)
Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Xiang Fu (Cyperi Rhizoma).