除虚劳，去早晨潮热，惟内伤劳役元气不陷者，佐参、 升气而祛邪则可。若元气下绝及阴火多汗者，误服必
死。抑论伤寒大、小柴胡汤，以功言也，非柴胡有大小二种。其南柴胡最粗不用，俱用关陕江湖近道间所产茎长
软皮赤黄者佳。外感生用，内伤升气酒炒三遍，有咳汗者蜜水炒，半夏为使。畏皂荚、女菀、藜芦，忌铜铁。
又有一种出银州白色者，治劳蒸用之，以其色白入肺，质稍实不轻散。本草惟言银州者胜，未尝分言也。
草龙胆
草龙胆寒味苦涩，益肝胆治下热湿，止痢消疸去肠虫，蒸骨儿疳痈肿急。
叶似龙葵，味苦如胆。无毒。沉而降，纯阴。主益肝胆，止惊痫健忘邪气。酒浸则上行，疗两目赤肿睛胀，
翳膜瘀肉高起，疼痛不可忍，眼疾必用之药。治胃中伏热，时气温热黄胆；除下焦湿肿，热泄下痢下血；去
肠中小虫，骨间寒热，小儿客忤疳气，痈肿疮疥口疮。又治卒心痛，虫攻心痛，四肢疼痛，止烦益智，杀蛊毒。
若空腹饵之，令之溺不禁。铜刀刮去须土，甘草水浸一宿，晒虚入酒炒黑，贯众为使，恶防葵、地黄。
通草
通草辛甘泻小肠，利便故除脾疸黄，止烦哕疏九孔窍，散痈破血下乳房。
即木通，心空有瓣，轻白可爱，女工取以饰物。无毒。阳也。赋云∶泻小肠火积不散，无他药可比；利小便
热闭不通，与琥珀同功。惟其利便开关格，故疗脾疸及浮肿多睡，胃热反胃呕哕，一切脾胃寒热不通，小腹虚
满，耳聋鼻塞声音不出，及妇人血闭血块，月水准匀，难产胞衣不下，乳汁不通。珍云∶甘平以缓阴血是也。惟
其泻火，故治心烦躁闷，止肺热渴，散痈肿恶疮，金疮鼠 折，一切疮疖瘿瘤，排脓止痛俱效，兼杀恶虫三
虫。要之，泻火则便溺自利，利便则火升自降。通行一十二经，故因名为通草。其花上粉，主恶疮痔 ，取粉
掺疮中。去皮节生用。
车前子
车前子味甘咸寒，止泻通淋治产难，除湿祛风明赤眼，叶消瘀衄刀伤残。
喜生驾车牛迹中。无毒。止暴泄者，利水道，厘清浊也。虽利水而不走气，与茯苓同功。主五淋闭痛，
催难产横生。除湿痹，去肝中风热冲目，赤痛翳障肿痛泪出。疗肝养肺，强阴益精，令人有子。叶及根，主鼻衄
瘀血下血尿血血瘕，金疮止血。又能止烦下气，除小虫。热痢用根叶捣汁一盏，入蜜少许煎服。血淋用根叶水煎
多饮，名单车前饮。取子叶根完全者力全，用叶瓦上摊干，用子略炒捣碎，用叶勿用子。
地肤子
地肤子苦利膀胱，治瘕疝兮又兴阳，皮风目痛皆堪洗，叶主淋痢及疮疡。
苗弱不举，布地而生。堪为扫蒂。气寒。无毒。主膀胱热，利小便，疗疝瘕，补中强阴益精。本草云∶
与阳起石同用，治丈夫阴痿及阴卵溃疾。煎汤洗皮肤中风热，令人润泽；洗目去热暗雀盲涩痛。叶主大肠泄泻，
止赤白痢和气涩肠，解恶疮毒，客热丹肿及妊娠患淋，小便热痛，手中烦疼。形如蒿，茎赤叶青，大如荆芥。
十月采实阴干，入补丸。
石苇
石苇苦甘平无毒，主治劳热通淋沥，止烦下气祛恶风，背发炒末酒调服。
蔓延石上，叶生斑点如皮，处处有之。主劳热邪气，补五劳，安五脏，治脬囊结热五淋癃闭，利水道，
止遗溺，益精气，止烦下气，祛恶风。又炒为末，冷酒调服治发背效。三月采山谷中，不闻水声及人声者，阴干。
丸用去黄毛微炙，毛射入肺，令嗽不可疗，杏仁为使，得菖蒲良。有生瓦上者名瓦韦，亦治淋。
地榆
地榆甘苦酸微寒，治下热痢血诸般，妇人崩带乳硬痛，止渴诸疮脓可排。
叶似榆而初生布地。味浓。无毒。沉也，阳中微阴。东垣云∶主下部积热之血痢。止下焦不禁之月经。
一切吐血衄血肠风便血，妇人血崩带下一十二病，胎前产后诸般血疾，及妇人乳痉硬痛，消酒止渴，补绝伤，
治诸 恶疮热疮，除恶肉排脓止痛。熬膏敷金疮，煎汤浸代指逆肿，煮浓汁饮，治小儿疳热泻痢，酿酒服治风
痹，惟虚寒冷痢禁用。热痢初起，亦不可用，恐涩早故也。去芦，恶麦门冬，得发良。
秦皮
秦皮苦寒解热痢，清肝主风寒湿痹，补精止带洗惊痫，点赤眼肿除翳泪。
生秦地陕西州郡，取出渍水皮纸，碧色不脱者真。无毒。《液》云∶主热痢下重，以苦坚之，黄柏、白头
翁、秦皮是也。治肝中久热，两目赤肿疼痛，风寒湿痹，洗洗寒气，男子少精发白，妇人带下亦宜。作汤浴小
儿惊痫身热，水煎澄清洗赤眼，或冷水浸点眼，除青翳白膜、风泪不止。如草间花黄蜘蛛螫人似癞，煮汁饮一
斗即瘥。去骨，大戟为使，恶吴萸、苦匏、防葵。
龟甲
龟甲咸甘治劳蒸，补阴自能去瘀 ，崩痔疟痢血分痹，小儿合囟头疮灵。
龟，收藏义也；甲，函也。气平，无毒。主内伤阴虚骨蒸寒热，及劳倦骨痿，伤寒劳复肌体寒热欲死。力猛能
去瘀血，破 瘕， 疟，五痔，血分湿痹，四肢重弱不能久立。妇人漏下、赤白，阴疮难产及产前后痢。又
治惊恚气，心腹痛，腰背疼，兼治小儿囟不合。头疮不燥，烧灰敷之。久服益气资智且能食。丹溪云∶龟乃阴
中至阴之物，禀北方之气而生，故能补阴血不足。阴足而血气调和则瘀血自去， 瘕崩痔疟痢痹疾自消，筋骨自
健，故曰大有补阴之功。以其灵于物，故用以补心甚验，令人有灵。入汤作丸，取江湖中水龟，生脱水中湿者
良。其次卜师钻过者名败龟版，大者亦佳，酥炙，或猪脂酒皆可。恶沙参、蜚蠊，畏狗胆。肉酿酒服，主大风
挛急，或瘫痪不收。作羹食，主
久咳嗽，大补而有神灵。不可轻杀，十二月食龟肉杀人。血治脱肛。骨带入山，令人不迷路。尿主久嗽断疟。
又有一种秦地所产山龟，极大而寿，今四方亦有之，味苦无毒，主除湿痹身重，四肢关节不可动摇。
鳖甲
鳖甲咸平治劳热，止疟破 下气血，更消阴蚀与痔疮，堕胎止崩宽儿胁，肉味虽甘补中气，阴虚之人乃可
啜。
其听以眼，故称守神。甲，介虫之甲函也。无毒。主尸疰劳瘦骨热，疗温疟劳疟老疟，心腹 瘕坚积寒热，
止上气急满，消恶血并扑损瘀血，去鼻中 肉，阴蚀痔恶肉，消疮肿肠痈，妇人漏下五色，羸瘦，催生堕胎，
女子经闭，小儿胁下坚痫疾。又治卒腰痛及石淋，杵末酒下。多忘善误，丙午日取甲着衣带上。丈夫阴痈医不能
治，取鳖头烧灰，鸡子白调敷之。历年脱肛及产后阴脱，取灰干掺托上。用九肋多裙重七两者，生剔去肉，取
甲酽醋炙黄色，去劳热用小便煮一日夜，恶矾石。肉，主补中益气，峻补阴，去血热及湿痹，但不可久食则损
人，以其性冷耳。有独目者，厌下有如王字者，头足不缩者，三足独足者，目四陷者，皆不可食。胸前有软骨
谓之丑，食之令人水肿，若误中其毒，令人昏塞，以黄 、吴蓝煎汤，服之立解。又合苋菜食之，生虫、生
鳖瘕；合鸡子食之杀人。又江中有阔一二丈者，名鼋肉，补，以盐淹可食。主湿气、诸邪气、血热，杀蛊毒，
消百药毒，疗诸恶疮瘰 ，功同鳖甲。
（同）鼍鱼甲
鱼甲酸性微温，主心腹积有热烦，肠风崩痔引阴痛，涕泣惊腰独可食。
性嗜睡，恒闭目，形如龙，长一二丈。能吐气致雨，力猛能攻江岸。有毒。主心腹 瘕、伏坚积聚、寒热，
女子崩中下血五色，小腹阴中相引痛，疮疥死肌，五邪涕泣时惊，腰中重痛，小儿气癃皆渍。用之当炙，蜀漆
为使，畏狗胆、芫花、甘遂。肉至补益，主小气呼吸，足不立地，能发痼疾。皮可贯鼓，膏摩恶疮。鼍骨散，
用皮及骨烧灰，入红鸡冠花、白矾灰为末，空心米饮调服，治肠风痔疾甚效。
牡蛎
牡蛎咸寒除寒热，止渴止嗽宽胸胁，定惊收汗涩血精，更疗痈肿及疽甲。
牡，雄也，咸水结成。又云∶百岁鹏化成。无毒。入足少阴经。主伤寒寒热，温疟洒洒。除留热在关节及
荣卫虚热，去来不定。止烦渴，疗咳嗽，除心痛气结，胁下痞热。定惊恚怒气，止盗汗，泻水气，除老血，
涩大小肠。男子虚劳之损，遗精梦泄，补肾正气，病患虚而多热者，加而用之。女子崩中、赤白带下，疗一切痈
肿鼠 ，瘰 喉痹，甲疽脓血疼痛，小儿惊痫。久服强骨节，除拘缓，杀鬼延年。本草云∶咸为软坚之剂，以柴
胡引之，故能去胁下硬；以茶引之能消结核；以大黄引之，能除股间肿；以麻黄根、蛇床子、干姜为佐，能去
阴汗，以地黄为使，能益精收涩止小便。本肾经药也。取壳以顶向北，腹向南视之，口斜向东者为左顾。尖头大
者胜。先用盐水煮一时，后入火 红研粉用。贝母为使，恶麻黄、吴萸、辛荑，得甘草、牛膝、远志、蛇床子良，
肉主虚损调中，解丹毒，美颜色。于火上炙，令沸，去壳食，或姜醋淹生食之。海族中最美且贵者，海牡蛎，
丈夫食之无须。
文蛤、海蛤
文蛤海蛤味皆咸，治胸胁腰痛因痰，能降疝气涩崩带，瘿瘰痔恶疮仍兼。
出东海表，相合而生。《说文》云∶千岁燕化为海蛤，伏翼化为魁蛤。雁食海蛤从粪中出，大如巨胜，有
紫文彩、未烂者为文蛤，无文彩、已烂者为海蛤。二蛤相类，主治大同，惟分新久。文蛤无毒。主咳逆胸痹、
腰痛胁急，坠痰软坚，止渴，燥湿，收涩固济之剂也。止大孔出血，崩中漏下，恶疮鼠 五痔等证。又治疝痛，
能降能消，能软能燥，同香附末姜汁调服。疗急疳蚀、口鼻尽欲死，烧灰，腊猪脂和涂之。凡修事一两，用浆水
煮一时，后以地骨皮、柏叶
各二两，又煮一时，取出东流水淘三遍拭干，火 研粉用，不入汤药。蜀漆为使，恶狗胆、甘遂、芫花。海蛤
无毒。主咳逆上气，喘息烦满，胸痛寒热。疗阴痿，利大小肠。《液》云∶蛤粉咸能走肾，可以胜水，故治十
二水气浮肿，治项下瘿瘤。余同文蛤。魁蛤，形圆，长似槟榔，两头有孔，外有纵横文理。味甘平。无毒。主
痿痹、泄痢、便脓血。《食疗》云∶润五脏，止消渴，开关节，服丹石人食之免有热毒疮肿。
以上治下焦热药。
竹叶
竹叶气寒味辛甘，主虚烦热清心痰，除喘咳渴与呕血，痉痹喉风肿 堪。
竹、淡竹为上，苦竹次之，余不入药。 竹坚而节促，体圆而质劲，皮白如霜，即水白竹也。味辛平。
无毒。可升可降，阳中之阴也。主除虚烦，清心经，胸中痰热，咳逆上气。止消渴、呕吐、吐血，热毒风痰，
筋急风痉喉痹。压丹石毒，利小水，通淋闭，消恶疡肿毒，杀小虫。根作汤益气止渴，补虚下气消毒。汁主风
痉。实生于竹林茂盛蒙密之中，大如鸡子，竹叶层层包裹。味甘。主通神明，益气轻身，令人心膈清凉，凤凰
所食也。淡竹肉薄，节间有粉。味甘平。无毒。治同 竹叶。根，大下心肺五脏热毒瓦斯，消痰，治热狂烦闷。
苦竹有白有紫，味苦平。无毒。心云∶除虚烦，缓皮而益气，治不睡，疗口疮眼痛喑哑，利九窍，解酒毒。作
沥功同。
竹茹
竹茹微寒治虚烦，清肺痿衄与血崩，更治呕哕通噎膈，伤寒劳复益阴筋。
即刮去竹青皮也，淡、 竹皆好。味甘无毒。主下热壅，虚烦不眠，温气寒热。止肺痿唾血，鼻衄吐血崩
中。呕哕噎膈，伤寒劳复，阴筋肿缩腹痛。兼治五痔，及妊娠因惊心痛，小儿痫口噤，体热。
大青
大青无毒大苦寒，主疗天行口渴干，大热头疼腰脊强，解金石毒风疹丹。
花浸水，昼夜色甚青翠，故名。主天行瘟疫热毒，寒热口干作渴，头疼心烦，身强腰脊痛时疾药多用。又
治金石药毒及小儿身热、风疹、丹毒。春生青紫茎，花似马蓼花，四月采茎叶阴干。
草蒿
草蒿寒苦祛痨热，能止痢泄与汗血，开胃补中和心腹，金疮恶疥痛可劫。
蒿，高也，至秋而高即青蒿，可杂香菜食之。无毒。主骨蒸劳热，冷热久痢，泄泻盗汗最妙。开胃明目，
补中益气，驻颜色，黑毛发。止心痛热黄，及鬼气尸疰伏连妇人血气、腹内满。疗恶疮疥癣，风疹杀虫。生捣
敷金疮，止血生肉止痛。烧灰淋汁，和锻石煎膏，去恶肉。根茎子叶并入药，四者慎勿同用，若同用成痼疾。春
夏采苗，秋冬采子，以童便浸七日夜，取出晒干用。
芦根
芦根甘寒清胃热，时行热疫大烦渴，止霍乱及小便多，孕妇心烦更可活。
芦，疏也，条长而节疏也。在处有之，生下湿坡中，状似竹，无枝叶，抱茎而生，花白作穗，即芦茅也。
无毒。主清胃中客热及寒热时疾，烦闷大热，消渴五噎膈气，干呕霍乱，吐逆不下食，止小便利，及孕妇心热
烦闷。又治食狗肉不消，心下坚，或 胀发热妄语，及食马肉鱼蟹中毒，并水煮服之。二八月采，逆流水肥浓
根，去节须并土，日干用。
马兰花
马兰花甘气亦平，除胃中热咽喉疼，风寒湿痹并疝痛，带下崩中血妄行。
一名蠡实，生河东川谷。叶似薤而长浓，开紫碧花，结实如麻，赤色有棱，根可为刷，其叶才出土便硬，
故牛马不食。无毒。主喉痹肿痛，喘息不通，去白虫，敷鼻 。赋云∶治疝有益。多服令人溏泄，入药醋炒。
【背景信息】
书名：医学入门 作者：李橚 朝代：明 章节：治热门(3/5) 类别：医论
【待处理原文翻译】
（接上文）对于虚劳病，若要消除早晨的潮热，只有在内伤劳役导致元气下陷的情况下，辅助用人参提升气机并祛除邪气才可以。如果元气已经下绝以及阴火旺盛多汗的患者，误服此法必定致死。
再论述伤寒病中的大柴胡汤和小柴胡汤，这是从功效角度命名的，并非指柴胡有两种大小之分。其中南方的柴胡质地最粗糙，不使用；都使用关陕及江湖近道地区所产的、茎长、质软、皮呈赤黄色的为佳。外感病时生用，内伤病时为了升提气机需用酒炒三次，有咳嗽出汗症状的用蜜水炒，以半夏为引经药。畏忌皂荚、女菀、藜芦，忌讳接触铜铁器。又有一种产于银州的白色柴胡，治疗骨蒸劳热时使用，因为它的色白入肺，质地稍实而不轻散。本草书中只说银州产的柴胡最好，未曾详细区分种类。
草龙胆
草龙胆性寒，味苦、涩。能补益肝胆，治疗下焦湿热，止痢疾，消退黄疸，去除肠道寄生虫，治疗骨蒸劳热、小儿疳积、痈肿急症。
叶子像龙葵，味道苦得像胆汁。无毒。药性沉降，属于纯阴之品。主要功效是补益肝胆，止惊痫、健忘和邪气。用酒浸泡则药力上行，治疗两眼红肿胀痛，翳膜瘀肉高起，疼痛难以忍受，是治疗眼疾必用的药物。治疗胃中伏热、时气温热引起的黄疸；清除下焦湿热肿胀、热性泄泻、痢疾便血；去除肠道小虫，治疗骨间寒热、小儿客忤疳气、痈肿疮疥口疮。又治疗突发心痛、虫攻心痛、四肢疼痛，止烦渴、益智，杀灭蛊毒。如果在空腹时服用，会导致小便失禁。用铜刀刮去须根泥土，用甘草水浸泡一夜，晒干后虚火入酒炒黑，以贯众为使药，恶防葵、地黄。
通草
通草性辛、甘，能泻小肠火，因利小便故能除脾疸黄，止烦哕，疏通九窍，消散痈肿，破血下行至乳房。
就是木通，心空有瓣，轻盈洁白可爱，女工取它来装饰物品。无毒。属阳。赋中说：泻小肠火积不散，没有其他药可比；利小便治热闭不通，与琥珀功效相同。正因为它能利便开关格，所以治疗脾疸及浮肿多睡、胃热反胃呕哕、一切脾胃寒热不通、小腹虚满、耳聋鼻塞声音不出，以及妇人血闭血块、月经不调、难产胞衣不下、乳汁不通。珍云：甘平以缓阴血是对的。正因为它能泻火，所以治疗心烦躁闷，止肺热口渴，消散痈肿恶疮，金疮鼠瘘骨折，一切疮疖瘿瘤，排脓止痛都有效，兼杀恶虫三虫。总之，泻火则二便自利，利便则火升自降。通行十二经脉，所以名为通草。其花上的粉，主治恶疮痔疮，取粉掺入疮中。去皮节生用。
车前子
车前子味甘、咸、寒，止泻、通淋、治难产，除湿祛风、明目治赤眼，叶能消瘀血、止鼻衄、疗刀伤。
喜欢生长在驾车牛蹄印中。无毒。止暴泻是因为利水道，分清浊。虽然利水但不耗气，与茯苓功效相同。主五淋闭痛，催难产横生。除湿痹，去除肝中风热冲目导致的赤痛、翳障肿痛流泪。疗养肝肺，强阴益精，使人易受孕。叶及根，主鼻衄、瘀血、下血、尿血、血瘕，金疮止血。又能止烦下气，除小虫。热痢用根叶捣汁一盏，加少许蜂蜜煎服。血淋用根叶水煎多饮，名叫“单车前饮”。取子、叶、根完全者药效全，用叶在瓦上摊干，用子略炒捣碎，用叶不用子。
地肤子
地肤子苦，利膀胱，治疗瘕疝且兴阳，皮肤风疹目痛皆可洗，叶主淋痢及疮疡。
苗弱不能直立，贴地而生。可以做扫帚蒂。气寒。无毒。主膀胱热，利小便，疗疝瘕，补中强阴益精。本草说：与阳起石同用，治疗男子阳痿及阴囊溃烂疾病。煎汤洗皮肤中风热，使人润泽；洗目去热暗雀盲涩痛。叶主大肠泄泻，止赤白痢和气涩肠，解恶疮毒，客热丹肿及妊娠患淋，小便热痛，手中烦疼。形状像蒿，茎赤叶青，大如荆芥。十月采果实阴干，入补丸。
石苇
石苇苦、甘、平，无毒，主治劳热、通淋沥，止烦下气、祛恶风，背发疽用炒末酒调服。
蔓延在石头上，叶子生长斑点像皮革，到处都有。主劳热邪气，补五劳，安五脏，治疗膀胱结热、五淋癃闭，利水道，止遗溺，益精气，止烦下气，祛恶风。又炒为末，冷酒调服治疗发背疽有效。三月在山谷中采集，听不到水声和人声的地方，阴干。做丸剂用去黄毛微炙，毛射入肺会引起咳嗽无法治疗，以杏仁为使药，得菖蒲良效。生在瓦上的叫瓦韦，也治淋证。
地榆
地榆甘、苦、酸、微寒，治疗下焦热痢血诸般病症，妇人崩漏带下乳硬痛，止渴，诸疮脓可排出。
叶像榆树但初生时贴地。味浓。无毒。沉降，阳中微阴。东垣说：主下部积热之血痢。止下焦不禁之月经。一切吐血、衄血、肠风便血，妇人血崩带下一十二种病，胎前产后各种血疾，以及妇人乳痈硬痛，消酒止渴，补绝伤，治各种恶疮热疮，除恶肉排脓止痛。熬膏敷金疮，煎汤浸代指逆肿，煮浓汁饮，治小儿疳热泻痢，酿酒服治风痹，惟虚寒冷痢禁用。热痢初起，也不可用，恐怕收敛太早的缘故。去芦，恶麦门冬，得头发良效。
秦皮
秦皮苦、寒，解热痢，清肝主风寒湿痹，补精止带洗惊痫，点赤眼肿除翳泪。
生于秦地陕西州郡，取出浸泡水中皮纸，碧色不脱者为真。无毒。《液》说：主热痢下重，以苦坚之，黄柏、白头翁、秦皮就是这类。治疗肝中久热，两目赤肿疼痛，风寒湿痹，瑟瑟寒气，男子少精发白，妇人带下也适宜。作汤浴小儿惊痫身热，水煎澄清洗赤眼，或冷水浸点眼，除青翳白膜、风泪不止。如草间花黄蜘蛛螫人似癞，煮汁饮一斗即愈。去骨，大戟为使，恶吴茱萸、苦匏、防葵。
龟甲
龟甲咸、甘，治劳蒸，补阴自能去瘀血，崩漏痔疟痢血分痹，小儿囟头疮灵验。
龟，有收藏之意；甲，是函匣。气平，无毒。主内伤阴虚骨蒸寒热，及劳倦骨痿，伤寒劳复肌体寒热欲死。力猛能去瘀血，破癥瘕，疟疾，五痔，血分湿痹，四肢重弱不能久立。妇人漏下、赤白带下，阴疮难产及产前后痢。又治惊恚气，心腹痛，腰背疼，兼治小儿囟门不合。头疮不干燥，烧灰敷之。久服益气资智且能食。丹溪说：龟乃阴中至阴之物，禀北方之气而生，故能补阴血不足。阴足而血气调和则瘀血自去，癥瘕崩痔疟痢痹疾自消，筋骨自健，故曰大有补阴之功。以其灵于物，故用以补心甚验，令人有灵。入汤作丸，取江湖中水龟，生脱水中湿者良。其次卜师钻过者名败龟版，大者亦佳，酥炙，或猪脂酒皆可。恶沙参、蜚蠊，畏狗胆。肉酿酒服，主大风挛急，或瘫痪不收。作羹食，主久咳嗽，大补而有神灵。不可轻杀，十二月食龟肉杀人。血治脱肛。骨带入山，令人不迷路。尿主久嗽断疟。又有一种秦地所产山龟，极大而寿，今四方亦有之，味苦无毒，主除湿痹身重，四肢关节不可动摇。
鳖甲
鳖甲咸、平，治劳热，止疟破癥下气血，更消阴蚀与痔疮，堕胎止崩宽儿胁，肉味虽甘补中气，阴虚之人乃可啜。
它用眼睛听，所以称守神。甲，是介虫的甲函。无毒。主尸疰劳瘦骨热，疗温疟劳疟老疟，心腹癥坚积寒热，止上气急满，消恶血并扑损瘀血，去鼻中息肉，阴蚀痔恶肉，消疮肿肠痈，妇人漏下五色，羸瘦，催生堕胎，女子经闭，小儿胁下坚痫疾。又治卒腰痛及石淋，杵末酒下。多忘善误，丙午日取甲着衣带上。丈夫阴痈医不能治，取鳖头烧灰，鸡子白调敷之。历年脱肛及产后阴脱，取灰干掺托上。用九肋多裙重七两者，生剔去肉，取甲酽醋炙黄色，去劳热用小便煮一日夜，恶矾石。肉，主补中益气，峻补阴，去血热及湿痹，但不可久食则损人，以其性冷耳。有独目者，厌下有如王字者，头足不缩者，三足独足者，目四陷者，皆不可食。胸前有软骨谓之丑，食之令人水肿，若误中其毒，令人昏塞，以黄芩、吴蓝煎汤，服之立解。又合苋菜食之，生虫、生鳖瘕；合鸡子食之杀人。又江中有阔一二丈者，名鼋肉，补，以盐淹可食。主湿气、诸邪气、血热，杀蛊毒，消百药毒，疗诸恶疮瘰疬，功同鳖甲。
（同）鼍鱼甲
鱼甲酸、性微温，主心腹积有热烦，肠风崩痔引阴痛，涕泣惊腰独可食。
性嗜睡，恒闭目，形如龙，长一二丈。能吐气致雨，力猛能攻江岸。有毒。主心腹癥瘕、伏坚积聚、寒热，女子崩中下血五色，小腹阴中相引痛，疮疥死肌，五邪涕泣时惊，腰中重痛，小儿气癃皆渍。用之当炙，蜀漆为使，畏狗胆、芫花、甘遂。肉至补益，主小气呼吸，足不立地，能发痼疾。皮可贯鼓，膏摩恶疮。鼍骨散，用皮及骨烧灰，入红鸡冠花、白矾灰为末，空心米饮调服，治肠风痔疾甚效。
牡蛎
牡蛎咸、寒，除寒热，止渴止嗽宽胸胁，定惊收汗涩血精，更疗痈肿及疽甲。
牡，雄也，咸水结成。又说：百岁鹏化成。无毒。入足少阴经。主伤寒寒热，温疟洒洒。除留热在关节及荣卫虚热，去来不定。止烦渴，疗咳嗽，除心痛气结，胁下痞热。定惊恚怒气，止盗汗，泻水气，除老血，涩大小肠。男子虚劳之损，遗精梦泄，补肾正气，病患虚而多热者，加而用之。女子崩中、赤白带下，疗一切痈肿鼠瘘，瘰疬喉痹，甲疽脓血疼痛，小儿惊痫。久服强骨节，除拘缓，杀鬼延年。本草说：咸为软坚之剂，以柴胡引之，故能去胁下硬；以茶引之能消结核；以大黄引之，能除股间肿；以麻黄根、蛇床子、干姜为佐，能去阴汗，以地黄为使，能益精收涩止小便。本肾经药也。取壳以顶向北，腹向南视之，口斜向东者为左顾。尖头大者胜。先用盐水煮一时，后入火煅红研粉用。贝母为使，恶麻黄、吴茱萸、辛荑，得甘草、牛膝、远志、蛇床子良，肉主虚损调中，解丹毒，美颜色。于火上炙，令沸，去壳食，或姜醋淹生食之。海族中最美且贵者，海牡蛎，丈夫食之无须。
文蛤、海蛤
文蛤海蛤味皆咸，治胸胁腰痛因痰，能降疝气涩崩带，瘿瘰痔恶疮仍兼。
出东海表，相合而生。《说文》说：千岁燕化为海蛤，伏翼化为魁蛤。雁食海蛤从粪中出，大如巨胜，有紫文彩、未烂者为文蛤，无文彩、已烂者为海蛤。二蛤相类，主治大同，惟分新久。文蛤无毒。主咳逆胸痹、腰痛胁急，坠痰软坚，止渴，燥湿，收涩固济之剂也。止大孔出血，崩中漏下，恶疮鼠瘘五痔等证。又治疝痛，能降能消，能软能燥，同香附末姜汁调服。疗急疳蚀、口鼻尽欲死，烧灰，腊猪脂和涂之。凡修事一两，用浆水煮一时，后以地骨皮、柏叶各二两，又煮一时，取出东流水淘三遍拭干，火煅研粉用，不入汤药。蜀漆为使，恶狗胆、甘遂、芫花。海蛤无毒。主咳逆上气，喘息烦满，胸痛寒热。疗阴痿，利大小肠。《液》说：蛤粉咸能走肾，可以胜水，故治十二水气浮肿，治项下瘿瘤。余同文蛤。魁蛤，形圆，长似槟榔，两头有孔，外有纵横文理。味甘平。无毒。主痿痹、泄痢、便脓血。《食疗》说：润五脏，止消渴，开关节，服丹石人食之免有热毒疮肿。
以上是治疗下焦热的药物。
竹叶
竹叶气寒味辛甘，主虚烦热清心痰，除喘咳渴与呕血，痉痹喉风肿堪治。
竹，淡竹为上，苦竹次之，其余不入药。箭竹坚而节促，体圆而质劲，皮白如霜，即水白竹也。味辛平。无毒。可升可降，阳中之阴也。主除虚烦，清心经，胸中痰热，咳逆上气。止消渴、呕吐、吐血，热毒风痰，筋急风痉喉痹。压丹石毒，利小水，通淋闭，消恶疡肿毒，杀小虫。根作汤益气止渴，补虚下气消毒。汁主风痉。实生于竹林茂盛蒙密之中，大如鸡子，竹叶层层包裹。味甘。主通神明，益气轻身，令人心膈清凉，凤凰所食也。淡竹肉薄，节间有粉。味甘平。无毒。治同箭竹叶。根，大下心肺五脏热毒瓦斯，消痰，治热狂烦闷。苦竹有白有紫，味苦平。无毒。心云：除虚烦，缓皮而益气，治不睡，疗口疮眼痛喑哑，利九窍，解酒毒。作沥功同。
竹茹
竹茹微寒治虚烦，清肺痿衄与血崩，更治呕哕通噎膈，伤寒劳复益阴筋。
就是刮去竹青皮，淡竹、箭竹皆好。味甘无毒。主下热壅，虚烦不眠，温气寒热。止肺痿唾血，鼻衄吐血崩中。呕哕噎膈，伤寒劳复，阴筋肿缩腹痛。兼治五痔，及妊娠因惊心痛，小儿痫口噤，体热。
大青
大青无毒大苦寒，主疗天行口渴干，大热头疼腰脊强，解金石毒风疹丹。
花浸水，昼夜色甚青翠，故名。主天行瘟疫热毒，寒热口干作渴，头疼心烦，身强腰脊痛时疾药多用。又治金石药毒及小儿身热、风疹、丹毒。春生青紫茎，花似马蓼花，四月采茎叶阴干。
草蒿
草蒿寒苦祛痨热，能止痢泄与汗血，开胃补中和心腹，金疮恶疥痛可劫。
蒿，高也，至秋而高即青蒿，可杂香菜食之。无毒。主骨蒸劳热，冷热久痢，泄泻盗汗最妙。开胃明目，补中益气，驻颜色，黑毛发。止心痛热黄，及鬼气尸疰伏连妇人血气、腹内满。疗恶疮疥癣，风疹杀虫。生捣敷金疮，止血生肉止痛。烧灰淋汁，和锻石煎膏，去恶肉。根茎子叶并入药，四者慎勿同用，若同用成痼疾。春夏采苗，秋冬采子，以童便浸七日夜，取出晒干用。
芦根
芦根甘寒清胃热，时行热疫大烦渴，止霍乱及小便多，孕妇心烦更可活。
芦，疏也，条长而节疏也。在处有之，生下湿坡中，状似竹，无枝叶，抱茎而生，花白作穗，即芦茅也。无毒。主清胃中客热及寒热时疾，烦闷大热，消渴五噎膈气，干呕霍乱，吐逆不下食，止小便利，及孕妇心热烦闷。又治食狗肉不消，心下坚，或胀发热妄语，及食马肉鱼蟹中毒，并水煮服之。二八月采，逆流水肥浓根，去节须并土，日干用。
马兰花
马兰花甘气亦平，除胃中热咽喉疼，风寒湿痹并疝痛，带下崩中血妄行。
一名蠡实，生河东川谷。叶似薤而长浓，开紫碧花，结实如麻，赤色有棱，根可为刷，其叶才出土便硬，故牛马不食。无毒。主喉痹肿痛，喘息不通，去白虫，敷鼻息肉。赋说：治疝有益。多服令人溏泄，入药醋炒。
[Background Information]
Book: *Yixue Rumen* (Introduction to Medicine)
Author: Li Su
Dynasty: Ming
Chapter: Treating Heat Diseases (3/5)
Category: Medical Theory
[English Translation]
(Continuing from previous text) For deficiency consumption diseases, if the goal is to eliminate morning tidal fever, this approach—assisting with Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) to raise Qi and dispel pathogens—is only applicable when internal injury and overwork have caused the Yuan Qi (Primary Qi) to sink. If the patient's Yuan Qi has already collapsed downwards or if there is excessive sweating due to Yin Fire, misusing this method will inevitably lead to death.
Furthermore, regarding Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) and Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) in the context of Cold Damage diseases, these names refer to their therapeutic efficacy, not to two different sizes of Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix). The Chai Hu produced in the South is coarsest and should not be used; instead, use that produced in Guan-Shaan regions and near rivers/lakes, which has long stems, soft texture, and reddish-yellow skin, as this is best. For external contractions, use it raw; for internal injuries aiming to raise Qi, stir-fry it three times with wine; if coughing and sweating are present, stir-fry it with honey water, using Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) as a guiding herb. It is incompatible with Saponariae Fructus (Zaoya), Polygalae Radix (Nuwan), and Veratrum Nigrum (Lilu), and must avoid contact with copper and iron vessels. There is another variety of white Chai Hu produced in Yinzhou, used for treating bone-steaming consumption, because its white color enters the Lung, and its substance is slightly solid and not easily dispersing. Materia Medica texts only state that Yinzhou Chai Hu is superior, without distinguishing varieties in detail.
Caolongdan (Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma)
Caolongdan is cold in nature and bitter/astringent in taste. It benefits the Liver and Gallbladder, treats damp-heat in the lower Jiao, stops dysentery, resolves jaundice, removes intestinal parasites, and treats bone-steaming heat, pediatric malnutrition (Gan syndrome), and acute abscesses/swellings.
The leaves resemble Solanum nigrum L. (Longkui), and the taste is as bitter as gallbladder bile. It is non-toxic. Its action is sinking and descending, belonging to pure Yin. It primarily benefits the Liver and Gallbladder, stops convulsions/epilepsy, forgetfulness, and pathogenic influences. When soaked in wine, its action ascends, treating redness and swelling of both eyes, distension of the eyeballs, and protrusion of pterygium/pseudopterygium and stasis flesh, causing unbearable pain; it is an essential herb for eye diseases. It treats latent heat in the Stomach, epidemic febrile diseases, and yellow jaundice; clears damp-swelling in the lower Jiao, hot diarrhea, dysentery, and bloody stool; removes small intestinal parasites, interosseous alternating chills and fever, pediatric "Ke Wu" (fright/sudden illness) and Gan Qi, abscesses, sores, scabies, and mouth ulcers. It also treats sudden heart pain, heart pain caused by worms, limb pain, stops irritability, benefits intelligence, and kills Gu poison. If taken on an empty stomach, it causes urinary incontinence. Scrape off roots and soil with a copper knife, soak in Licorice Root (Gancao) water overnight, dry under shade, then stir-fry black with wine. Use Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix) as a guiding herb. It is incompatible with Fang Kui (Adenophorae Radix) and Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix).
Tongcao (Tetrapanacis Medulla)
Tongcao is pungent and sweet, drains the Small Intestine, and because it promotes urination, it resolves Spleen jaundice and yellowness. It stops irritability/hiccups, opens the nine orifices, dissipates abscesses, breaks blood stasis, and directs blood downward to the breasts.
It is Mu Tong (Akebiae Caulis), hollow inside with septa, light and white, lovely to look at, used by women workers for decoration. It is non-toxic. It belongs to Yang. The Fu states: Draining Small Intestine fire accumulation without dispersion, no other herb compares; promoting urination for heat closure and obstruction, it shares the same function as Amber (Hupo). Precisely because it promotes urination and opens blockages, it treats Spleen jaundice, edema with excessive sleepiness, Stomach heat with regurgitation/vomiting/hiccups, all types of Stomach/Spleen cold-heat obstruction, lower abdominal fullness, deafness, nasal congestion, loss of voice, as well as female blood closure, blood masses, irregular menstruation, difficult labor with retained placenta, and blocked lactation. Zhen Yun says: Sweet and neutral to slow Yin blood is correct. Because it drains fire, it treats heart irritability and oppression, stops Lung heat thirst, dissipates abscesses and malignant sores, golden wounds, rat-hole fistulas, fractures, all types of boils, carbuncles, and goiters, and is effective in discharging pus and stopping pain, while also killing evil insects and three types of parasites. In summary, draining fire leads to free urination and defecation; promoting urination causes fire to descend naturally. It circulates through the twelve meridians, hence the name Tongcao (Pass-through Grass). The powder on its flowers treats malignant sores and hemorrhoids; take the powder and apply it into the sore. Use raw, removing nodes and joints.
Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Seed)
Cheqianzi is sweet, salty, and cold. It stops diarrhea, promotes urination for strangury, treats difficult labor, removes dampness, dispels wind, clarifies red eyes, and its leaves resolve blood stasis, stop epistaxis, and heal knife wounds.
It likes growing in tracks left by draft animals. It is non-toxic. Stopping violent diarrhea is due to benefiting water passages and separating clear from turbid. Although it promotes urination, it does not deplete Qi, sharing the same function as Poria (Fuling). It treats five types of strangury with closure and pain, and induces delivery for breech presentation. It removes damp-bi, eliminates Liver wind-heat attacking the eyes causing redness, pain, visual obstruction, swelling, and tearing. It nourishes the Liver and Lung, strengthens Yin, benefits essence, and facilitates conception. Leaves and roots treat epistaxis, blood stasis, lower bleeding, hematuria, and blood masses; they stop bleeding in golden wounds. They can also stop irritability, direct Qi downward, and remove small parasites. For hot dysentery, crush roots and leaves to extract one cup of juice, add a little honey, and decoct for administration. For bloody strangury, decoct roots and leaves in water and drink frequently; this is called "Dan Che Qian Yin" (Single-Wheel Plantain Drink). Using plants with complete seeds, leaves, and roots ensures full potency. Dry leaves on tiles, lightly stir-fry and crush seeds; use leaves but not seeds.
Difuzi (Kochiae Fructus)
Difuzi is bitter, benefits the Bladder, treats masses/hernia, and boosts Yang. Skin wind rashes and eye pain can be washed with it; leaves treat strangury/dysentery and sores/ulcers.
Seedlings are weak and cannot stand upright, spreading on the ground. Suitable for making broom handles. Qi is cold. Non-toxic. Treats Bladder heat, promotes urination, cures hernia/masses, tonifies the Middle, strengthens Yin, and benefits essence. Materia Medica states: Used with Yangqishi (Stellae Septentrionalis), it treats male impotence and scrotal ulceration diseases. Decoct and wash skin affected by wind-heat to make it lustrous; wash eyes to relieve heat-induced dim vision, night blindness, and astringent pain. Leaves treat large intestine diarrhea, stop bloody/white dysentery and Qi-stagnant bowel, resolve toxic sores, external heat erysipelas, and pregnancy-related strangury with hot painful urination and palm pain. Shape resembles Artemisia, stem is red, leaves green, size like Schizonepeta. Harvest fruits in October and dry in shade; include in tonifying pills.
Shiwei (Pyrrosiae Folium)
Shiwei is bitter, sweet, and neutral, non-toxic. Mainly treats consumption heat, promotes urination for dribbling, stops irritability, directs Qi downward, dispels evil wind. For back carbuncles, take fried powder mixed with wine.
It creeps over rocks, leaves have spots like leather, found everywhere. Treats consumption heat and pathogenic factors, tonifies the Five Consumptions, calms the Five Viscera, treats bladder heat accumulation, five stranguries, and retention of urine, promotes water passages, stops enuresis, benefits essence and Qi, stops irritability, directs Qi downward, and dispels evil wind. Also, fried into powder and taken with cold wine, it effectively treats back carbuncles. Harvest in March from valleys where no water sounds or human voices are heard; dry in shade. For pills, remove yellow hairs and lightly roast; hairs entering the lungs cause incurable coughing. Use Apricot Kernel (Xingren) as a guiding herb; works well with Changpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma). Those growing on tiles are named Weiwei (Tile Fern) and also treat strangury.
Diyu (Sanguisorbae Radix)
Diyu is sweet, bitter, sour, and slightly cold. Treats lower heat dysentery and bleeding of various kinds. For women, it treats metrorrhagia, leukorrhea, and breast induration/pain. Stops thirst, and for various sores, it helps discharge pus.
Leaves resemble Elm but grow flat on the ground initially. Taste is strong. Non-toxic. Sinking, slightly Yin within Yang. Dong Yuan states: Treats blood dysentery from accumulated heat in the lower body. Stops menstrual flow from lower Jiao insecurity. Treats all types of hematemesis, epistaxis, intestinal wind, and bloody stool; women's metrorrhagia, leukorrhea, and twelve gynecological disorders; various blood diseases before and after childbirth; women's mastitis with induration and pain; reduces alcohol effects, stops thirst, repairs severe injuries, treats various malignant/hot sores, removes necrotic flesh, discharges pus, and stops pain. Apply boiled paste to golden wounds; decoct and soak for inverted paronychia; drink concentrated decoction for pediatric Gan heat diarrhea/dysentery; brew in wine for wind-bi. Contraindicated for deficiency-cold dysentery. Also contraindicated for early-stage hot dysentery, fearing premature astringency. Remove rhizome tips; incompatible with Ophiopogonis Radix (Mendong); works well with human hair (Fa).
Qinpi (Fraxini Cortex)
Qinpi is bitter and cold, resolves hot dysentery, clears the Liver, treats wind-cold-damp bi, tonifies essence, stops leukorrhea, washes away fright/epilepsy, and drops solution for red eye swelling to remove pterygium and tears.
Grows in Qin region (Shaanxi provinces). True product is identified by soaking in water where the bark paper retains a green color. Non-toxic. *Ye Jingyue* states: Treats hot dysentery with tenesmus; uses bitterness to firm the intestines; Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), Baitouweng (Pulsatillae Radix), and Qinpi are examples. Treats chronic heat in the Liver, red swollen painful eyes, wind-cold-damp bi, shivering cold sensations, male scanty essence/whitening hair, and female leukorrhea. Make decoction to bathe children with fright epilepsy and body heat; decoct in water, clarify, and wash red eyes; or soak in cold water and drop into eyes to remove green/white pterygium and incessant wind-tears. If bitten by a yellow spider in grass resembling leprosy, boil juice and drink one dou for recovery. Remove bone; use Daji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix) as guiding herb. Incompatible with Evodiae Fructus (Wuyu) and Kugua (Bitter Melon), Fang Kui.
Guijia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum)
Guijia is salty and sweet, treats consumption steaming, tonifies Yin thereby removing blood stasis. Treats metrorrhagia, hemorrhoids, malaria, dysentery, blood-level bi. Effective for pediatric fontanelle defects and head sores.
"Gui" implies storage/collection; "Jia" means case/container. Qi is neutral. Non-toxic. Treats internal injury Yin deficiency with bone-steaming chills/fever, fatigue-induced skeletal flaccidity, Cold Damage recurrence with body chills/fever nearing death. Potent in removing blood stasis, breaking masses, treating malaria, five hemorrhoids, blood-level damp-bi, heavy/weak limbs unable to stand long. Treats female leukorrhea (red/white), yin sores, difficult labor, and dysentery before/after birth. Also treats fright/anger Qi, heart/abdominal pain, back pain, and pediatric unclosed fontanelle. For head sores not drying out, burn to ash and apply. Long-term use benefits Qi, enhances intelligence, and improves appetite. Dan Xi states: Turtle is the most Yin among Yin things, born from Northern Qi, thus it tonifies insufficient Yin blood. When Yin is sufficient and Qi/Blood harmonious, blood stasis disappears, masses/metrorrhagia/hemorrhoids/malaria/bi resolve naturally, and bones/tendons strengthen; hence it has great Yin-tonifying power. Due to its spiritual nature, it is very effective for tonifying the Heart, granting wisdom. For decoctions/pills, use freshwater turtles from rivers/lakes, those living in water/moisture are best. Second best are tortoise shells drilled by fortune tellers, called "Baiguiban"; large ones are also good, roasted with lard or pork fat/wine. Incompatible with Sand Shen (Adenophorae Radix) and Cockroaches (Feilian); fears Dog Gallbladder (Goudan). Meat brewed in wine treats severe wind spasms or paralysis. Made into soup, it treats chronic cough, greatly tonifying with spiritual efficacy. Do not kill lightly; eating turtle meat in the 12th month can be fatal. Blood treats rectal prolapse. Bone carried into mountains prevents getting lost. Urine treats chronic cough and cuts malaria. Another variety, mountain turtle from Qin region, is huge and long-lived, now found elsewhere, bitter/non-toxic, treats damp-bi/heaviness, immovable limbs/joints.
Biejia (Trionycis Carapax)
Biejia is salty and neutral, treats consumption heat, stops malaria, breaks masses, directs Qi/Blood downward. Further treats yin erosion, hemorrhoids, induces abortion, stops metrorrhagia, widens children's ribs. Though meat is sweet and tonifies Middle Qi, only suitable for Yin-deficient persons.
It listens with its eyes, hence called "Shoushen" (Guarding Spirit). "Jia" is the shell case of testudines. Non-toxic. Treats corpse-infection consumption/emaciation/bone heat, warm malaria, chronic malaria, old malaria, heart/abdominal masses/firm accumulations with chills/fever, stops upper Qi urgency/fullness, eliminates evil blood and traumatic stasis, removes nasal polyps, yin erosion/hemorrhoid necrotic flesh, dissipates sores/intestinal abscesses, female leukorrhea of five colors, emaciation, induces labor/abortion, female amenorrhea, pediatric rib-hardness/epilepsy. Also treats sudden lower back pain and stone strangury; crush to powder, take with wine. For forgetfulness/errors, take shell on clothing belt on Bingwu day. For incurable male yin abscess, burn turtle head to ash, mix with egg white, and apply. For chronic rectal prolapse and postpartum vaginal prolapse, use dry ash to support upward. Use nine-rib, many-skirted shells weighing seven taels; scrape meat raw, bake shell in strong vinegar until yellow. To remove consumption heat, decoct in urine for one day and night. Incompatible with Alum (Fanshi). Meat tonifies Middle, benefits Qi, strongly tonifies Yin, removes blood heat and damp-bi, but should not be eaten long-term as it damages the person due to cold nature. Do not eat those with single eye, King-character pattern below anus, uncurled head/legs, three legs/single leg, or sunken four eyes. Cartilage on chest called "Chou", eating causes edema; if poisoned, causes coma, resolve immediately with Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) and Isatidis Folium (Wulan) decoction. Eating with Amaranthus causes parasites/Biejia masses; eating with eggs is fatal. Giant turtles in rivers (Yuan), meat is tonifying, salted edible. Treats dampness, various pathogens, blood heat, kills Gu poison, resolves hundred drug toxins, treats malignant sores/scrofula, same efficacy as Biejia.
(Tong) Tuoyujia (Pelomedusae Carapax)
Fish shell is sour and slightly warm. Mainly treats heart/abdominal accumulation with heat/irritability, intestinal wind/metrorrhagia/hemorrhoids drawing to yin pain. Tears, fright, and waist heaviness alone indicate it is edible.
Likes sleep, always closes eyes, dragon-like shape, one to two zhang long. Can exhale to bring rain, powerful enough to attack riverbanks. Toxic. Treats heart/abdominal masses, hidden firm accumulations, chills/fever, female metrorrhagia with five-colored blood, lower abdomen/yin pulling pain, sores/scabies/necrotic muscle, five evils with tearing/fright, heavy waist pain, pediatric Qi retention. Must be roasted when used. Shuqi (Polygalae Radix) is guiding herb. Fears Dog Gallbladder, Genkwa Flos (Yuanhua), Kansui Radix (Gansui). Meat is highly tonifying, treats minor Qi breathing issues, inability to stand on feet, but can trigger chronic diseases. Skin used for drums, grease for rubbing malignant sores. Tuogu San: Burn skin and bone to ash, mix with Red Celosia Flower (Hong Jiguan Hua) and White Alum Ash (Baifanhui) into powder, take with rice water on empty stomach; very effective for intestinal wind/hemorrhoids.
Muli (Ostreae Concha)
Muli is salty and cold, removes chills/fever, stops thirst/cough, widens chest/hypochondrium, calms fright, stops sweating, astringes blood/essence, further treats abscesses/carbuncles and nail infections.
"Mou" means male, formed from saltwater. Also said: Hundred-year Peng transforms into it. Non-toxic. Enters Foot Shaoyin Meridian. Treats Cold Damage chills/fever, warm malaria shivering. Removes lingering heat in joints and Ying-Wei deficiency heat, coming and going不定. Stops irritability/thirst, treats cough, removes heart pain/Qi knot, hypochondriac痞 heat. Calms fright/anger, stops night sweats, drains water Qi, removes old blood, astringes Large/Small Intestines. For male deficiency consumption damage, seminal emission/nocturnal ejaculation, tonifies Kidney Zheng Qi; add for patients with deficiency and much heat. For female metrorrhagia/red-white leukorrhea, treats all abscesses/rat-hole fistulas, scrofula, throat bi, nail carbuncle pus/blood pain, pediatric fright epilepsy. Long-term use strengthens bones/joints, removes stiffness/spasms, kills ghosts, extends life. Materia Medica states: Salty is a softening agent; guided by Chai Hu, it removes hardness under ribs; guided by Tea, it dissipates tubercles; guided by Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), it removes thigh swelling; assisted by Ma Huang Gen (Ephedrae Radix), Shechuangzi (Cnidii Fructus), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), it removes yin sweat; guided by Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), it benefits essence, astringes, stops urination. Originally a Kidney meridian herb. When harvesting shells, face top North, belly South; mouth slanting East is "Left Looking". Pointed and large ones are superior. First boil in salt water for one hour, then calcine in fire until red, grind to powder. Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus) is guiding herb. Incompatible with Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Wuyu (Evodiae Fructus), Xinyi (Magnoliae Flos); works well with Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix), Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix), Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix), Shechuangzi (Cnidii Fructus). Meat treats deficiency damage, regulates Middle, resolves erysipelas toxin, beautifies complexion. Roast on fire until boiling, remove shell and eat, or pickle raw with ginger/vinegar. Among sea creatures, the most beautiful and expensive is Hai Muli (Sea Oyster); men eating it need not grow beards.
Wenge & Haige (Venerupis & Cyclinae Concha)
Both Wenge and Haige are salty. Treat chest/hypochondriac/lower back pain due to phlegm. Can descend hernia Qi, astringe metrorrhagia/leukorrhea, and treat goiter/scrofula/hemorrhoids/malignant sores.
Produced in East Sea surface, growing together. *Shuowen* states: Thousand-year swallow transforms into Haige, bat transforms into Kuige. Geese eat Haige, excreted large as Sesame, with purple patterns/unrotted is Wenge (Patterned Clam), without patterns/rotted is Haige (Sea Clam). Two clams are similar, main treatments largely same, differing only in new/old age. Wenge is non-toxic. Treats cough/reversal, chest bi, lower back pain/hypochondriac tension, sinks phlegm, softens hardness, stops thirst, dries dampness, is an astringent/stabilizing agent. Stops anal bleeding, metrorrhagia/leakage, malignant sores/rat-hole fistulas/five hemorrhoids. Also treats hernia pain, capable of descending/dissolving/softening/drying; mix with Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiangfu) powder and Ginger Juice. Treats acute Gan erosion, mouth/nose dying, burn to ash, mix with cured pig fat and apply. For processing one liang, boil in sour water for one hour, then add Digupi (Lycii Cortex) and Baiye (Platycladi Cacumen) each two liang, boil another hour, take out, rinse three times in east-flowing water, dry, calcine, grind to powder; do not use in decoctions. Shuqi is guiding herb. Incompatible with Dog Gallbladder, Gansui, Yuanhua. Haige is non-toxic. Treats cough/reversal Qi, panting/irritation/fullness, chest pain/chills/fever. Treats impotence, benefits Large/Small Intestines. *Ye Jingyue* states: Clam powder salty enters Kidney, can overcome water, thus treats twelve types of water qi edema, treats neck goiter. Rest same as Wenge. Kuige, round shape, long like Areca Nut, holes at both ends, longitudinal/transverse patterns outside. Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Treats flaccidity-bi, diarrhea/dysentery, pus/blood in stool. *Shiliao* states: Moistens Five Viscera, stops thirst, opens joints, those taking mineral drugs eat it to avoid heat-toxin sores.
Above are herbs treating Lower Jiao heat.
Zhuye (Bambusae Folium)
Zhuye is cold in Qi, pungent/sweet in taste. Mainly treats deficiency irritability/heat, clears Heart phlegm. Removes asthma/cough/thirst/hematemesis, treats spasms-bi, throat wind, swellings.
Bamboo: Dan Zhu (Dendrocalamus strictus) is best, Ku Zhu (Phyllostachys nigra) second, others not medicinal. Jian Zhu (Arrow Bamboo) is hard with close nodes, round body, tough quality, white frost-like skin, i.e., Shui Bai Zhu. Pungent, neutral. Non-toxic. Can ascend/descend, Yin within Yang. Treats deficiency irritability, clears Heart meridian, chest phlegm-heat, cough/reversal Qi. Stops thirst, vomiting, hematemesis, heat-toxin wind-phlegm, tendon tension/wind-spasm/throat bi. Suppresses mineral drug toxicity, benefits small water, opens strangury/closure, dissipates malignant sores/toxins, kills small insects. Root decoction benefits Qi, stops thirst, tonifies deficiency, directs Qi downward, detoxifies. Juice treats wind spasm. Fruit grows in dense bamboo forests, size like chicken egg, wrapped in layers of leaves. Sweet. Benefits spirit, benefits Qi, lightens body, makes chest/mind cool, food of Phoenix. Dan Zhu flesh thin, nodes have powder. Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Treatment same as Jian Zhu Ye. Root greatly descends Heart/Lung/Five Viscera heat-toxin vapors, resolves phlegm, treats heat mania/irritation. Ku Zhu has white/purple varieties, bitter, neutral, non-toxic. Xin Yun states: Treats deficiency irritability, relaxes skin, benefits Qi, treats insomnia, oral ulcers, eye pain, aphonia, benefits nine orifices, resolves alcohol toxicity. Distillate has same function.
Zhuru (Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam)
Zhuru is slightly cold, treats deficiency irritability. Clears Lung flaccidity, epistaxis, metrorrhagia. Further treats vomiting/hiccups, opens噎膈 (dysphagia/regurgitation). Beneficial for Yin/tendons in Cold Damage recurrence.
This is scraped bamboo green skin; Dan Zhu and Jian Zhu are both good. Sweet, non-toxic. Treats lower heat stagnation, deficiency irritability/insomnia, warm Qi/chills/fever. Stops Lung flaccidity sputum-blood, epistaxis/hematemesis/metrorrhagia. Vomiting/hiccups/dysphagia, Cold Damage recurrence, Yin tendon swelling/shrinking/abdominal pain. Also treats five hemorrhoids, pregnancy fright-heart pain, pediatric epilepsy/jaw-lock, body heat.
Daqing (Isatidis Radix)
Daqing is non-toxic, greatly bitter/cold. Mainly treats epidemic disease thirst/dryness, high fever/headache/back stiffness. Resolves mineral/gold-stone toxicity, wind rash, erysipelas.
Flowers steeped in water turn deep green day and night, hence the name. Treats epidemic plague heat-toxin, chills/fever/dry mouth/thirst, headache/heart irritability, body stiffness/back pain; commonly used in epidemic medicines. Also treats mineral/gold-stone drug toxicity, pediatric body heat, wind rash, erysipelas. Spring growth of green-purple stems, flowers resemble Polygonum orientale, harvest stems/leaves in April, dry in shade.
Caohao (Artemisiae Annuae Herba)
Caohao is cold/bitter, dispels consumption heat. Can stop dysentery/diarrhea/sweaty blood. Opens stomach, tonifies Middle, benefits Heart/Abdomen. Golden wounds, malignant sores, pain can be relieved.
"Hao" means high; reaching autumn height is Qing Hao (Sweet Wormwood), can be mixed with vegetables to eat. Non-toxic. Best for bone-steaming consumption heat, cold-hot chronic dysentery, diarrhea/night sweats. Opens stomach, brightens eyes, tonifies Middle/benefits Qi, preserves complexion, darkens hair. Stops heart pain/heat jaundice, ghost energy/corpse-infection lingering, women's blood Qi/abdominal fullness. Treats malignant sores/scabies/lichen, wind rash, kills parasites. Crush fresh and apply to golden wounds, stop bleeding, generate flesh, stop pain. Burn to ash, leach juice, mix with lime, decoct into ointment, remove necrotic flesh. Roots/stems/seeds/leaves all enter medicine; four parts must not be used together, or chronic disease results. Harvest seedlings spring/summer, seeds autumn/winter, soak in child's urine for seven days/nights, take out, dry, use.
Lugen (Phragmitis Rhizoma)
Lugen is sweet/cold, clears Stomach heat. Epidemic heat-pest major irritability/thirst. Stops cholera and frequent urination. Pregnant women's heart irritability can be saved.
"Lü" means sparse, long strips with sparse nodes. Found everywhere, grows in wet slopes, resembles bamboo, no leaves/branches, embraces stem, white flower spikes, i.e., Lu Mao. Non-toxic. Treats clearing guest heat in Stomach and chills/fever epidemics, irritability/high heat, thirst/five obstructions/Qi, dry vomiting/cholera, retching/inability to eat, stops frequent urination, and pregnant women's heart heat/irritability. Also treats undigested dog meat, hardness below heart, bloating/fever/delirium, and poisoning from horse meat/fish/crab; all decocted in water and taken. Harvest in Feb/Aug, thick roots from reverse-flowing water, remove nodes/roots/soil, dry in sun.
Malanhua (Iris tectori Flos)
Malanhua is sweet, Qi is also neutral. Removes Stomach heat, throat pain. Wind-cold-damp bi and hernia pain. Leukorrhea, metrorrhagia, reckless blood flow.
Also named Lishi, grows in Hedong valleys. Leaves resemble Scallion but longer/thicker, open purple-blue flowers, fruit like hemp, red with ridges, root can be brush, leaves hard upon emerging so cattle/horses do not eat. Non-toxic. Treats throat bi swelling/pain, asthma/blockage, removes white worms, applies to nasal polyps. Fu states: Beneficial for hernia. Overuse causes loose stools; stir-fry with vinegar for medicine.