醇酒冷冻饮料有三益，一得温中之寒以养肺，二得寒中之温以养脾，三则令人不得恣饮，惟好饮及中寒者不可。
丹溪云∶本草止言其大热有毒，不言其湿中发热近于相火，醉后恶寒战栗可见矣。其性善升，大伤肺气，助
火生痰，变为诸病。病之浅者，或呕吐，或自汗，或疼痒，或鼻 ，或衄血，或泄痢，或心脾
胃痛，尚可散而出也；病之深者，为消渴，为内疽，为肺痿，为内痔，为鼓胀，为失明，为哮喘，为劳嗽，为
癫痫，为痰膈，为吐血，尤有为难名之病。陶隐居云∶多饮伤神损寿，不可撙节以卫生乎？诸米酒有毒，酒浆
照人无影者不可饮。合乳汁令人气结；合牛肉食，令腹内生虫。酒后不得卧。凡酒忌诸甜物。酒毒，葛花、
红豆解之。酒类甚多，惟糯米面曲造者，可入药用。甜糟，味咸、温，无毒。主温中冷气，消食杀腥，去一切
菜蔬毒；藏物不败，糅物能软，润皮肤，调脏腑。三年以下有酒，以物承之，摩风瘙，止呕哕，御风寒， 扑
损瘀血，浸洗冻疮及敷蛇蜂叮毒。红曲酒，大热，有毒。发香港脚、肠风、痰喘诸疾。惟破血杀毒，辟山岚寒气，
疗打扑伤则尤妙也。
醋
醋敛咽疮消痈肿，治疸散水破食 ，产后血晕堪熏鼻，烧酒肉毒吐如倾。
醋，措也，能措五味以适中也。味酸，无毒。主敛咽疮，消痈肿，治黄胆，散水气，消食，破 块坚积。
治妇人血气心痛及产后血虚发晕，用炭烧红，投入醋中，令鼻中常得醋气为佳，酸益血故也。过食烧酒、菜鱼
肉毒成病者，即饮醋一杯吐之。兼治伤损金疮，杀邪毒。摩雄黄涂蜂虿，取其收而不散也。多食损颜色，伤
肌脏，损齿及筋骨，不益男子。有米醋、麦醋、枣醋，入药多用米醋，谷气全也。陈久者佳。但南方炒米为醋，
最酽。入药须以一分醋，二分水和之方可。江北造醋，用晚米一斗为饭，青蒿 三日出黄，每饭一碗，冷水二
碗，烧酒曲四两，入瓮封固，一七后用柳木棍每早搅之。四十九日后，去渣煮熟，其醋不甚酽，初甚苦，故谓
苦酒。
酱
酱味咸酸虽冷利，将和五脏有名义，除热止烦解药伤，火烧蜂虿痛掣指。
酱，将也。将和五味，以安五脏，故圣人不得不食。以豆作陈久者良。无毒。除热止烦满，杀百药、
汤火灼毒，及一切蛇虫、蜂虿、鱼肉、蔬菌毒发，小儿无辜。又有肉酱、鱼酱，皆呼为醯，不入药用。榆仁酱
亦辛美，杀诸虫，利大小便，心腹恶气，不宜多食。芜荑酱，功力强于榆酱，多食落发，孕妇合雀食，令儿面
黑。
饴糖
饴糖甘温补肺虚，止渴消痰咳自除，温胃进食更消瘀，胀呕湿热休含诸。
以糯米煮粥，候冷入麦芽，澄清者再熬如琥珀紫色。软者谓之胶饴，建中汤多用之。其牵白凝强者谓之饴
糖，不入药用。诸米皆可作饴，惟糯米者佳。无毒，入足太阴经。补虚乏，润肺止渴，消痰止嗽，敛汗；又补中
气，健脾胃，进饮食；去留血，止吐血，又打损瘀血，熬焦和酒服之，能下恶血∶骨鲠喉中及误吞钱环，服之
便出。惟中满及呕吐忌之。丹溪云∶属土而成于火，大发湿中之热。《衍义》谓动脾风，是言其末也。
砂糖
砂糖经炼性亦温，心肺大肠虚热论，助胃和中止烦渴，食过生虫损齿根。
此即甘蔗汁煎炼成者。味甘，无毒。润心肺，去心肺大肠热，助脾和中，消烦止渴。小儿多食生蛲虫，
消肌损齿发疳 。丹溪云∶生胃之火，损齿之因也。非土制水，乃热土生火热也。又云∶甘生湿，湿生火也。
食枣多者，齿病龋，亦此意也。中满家不宜用，以甘故也。又与鲫鱼同食成疳虫；与葵同食生流 ；与笋同食，
笋不消成 ，身重不能行也。乳糖，出浙中，用砂糖、牛乳相和煎，炼成块，可作饼，黄色，又谓之捻糖，易
消化。味甘，寒，性冷利，无毒。主心腹热胀、口渴，明目，治目中热膜。又和枣肉、巨胜子为丸，每食后含
化一两丸，润肺气，助五脏津。
蜂蜜
蜂蜜甘平喜入脾，补中止痛痢痫奇，消烦除渴润便燥，目赤口齿诸疮宜。
有木中作者，有土中作者，有石上作者，
有人家养者，其蜜一也。但土蜜味碱；家养者取之数，而气味不足；山蜜多石中、古木中，经一二年得者，
气味纯浓。《衍义》云∶蜡取新，蜜取陈也。新收者稀黄，经久则白而砂。无毒。甘苦入脾，故能养脾气，补
中诸不足，止腹痛，治肠 、赤白痢，诸惊痫 ，除心烦闷不能饮食，润肺燥、消渴、便难及肛门肿塞。又治目生
珠管、肤翳、赤肿，口舌生疮，牙齿疳 。火烧、汤泡、热油烧，丹毒，阴头生疮，诸恶疮癞，俱外敷之。
兼和百药，解诸毒，安五脏，久服强志不老。惟中寒有湿者禁用。孙真人云∶七月勿食生蜜，令暴下发霍乱，
多食亦生诸风。凡炼蜜必须用火熬开，以纸覆经宿，纸上去蜡尽，再熬变色，大约一斤只得十二两为佳，不可
过度。
醇酒和冷冻饮料各有三种益处：一是通过温中之寒来滋养肺脏，二是通过寒中之温来滋养脾脏，三是能让人不致于肆意饮酒。但是，喜好饮酒的人以及中寒体质的人不宜饮用。
朱丹溪说：本草书中只提到酒大热且有毒，没有提到它湿气中发热接近相火，醉酒后出现恶寒战栗的症状就可以验证这一点。酒的性质善于升散，会严重损伤肺气，助火生痰，从而引发各种疾病。病情轻浅的，可能出现呕吐、自汗、疼痛瘙痒、鼻塞、鼻衄（流鼻血）、泄泻痢疾、心脾胃痛等症状，还可以发散排出；病情深重的，则会导致消渴病、内疽、肺痿、内痔、鼓胀、失明、哮喘、劳嗽、癫痫、痰膈、吐血，甚至有难以命名的疾病。陶弘景说：多饮酒会损伤精神、折损寿命，难道不能节制以保养生命吗？各种米酒都有毒，照人影子模糊不清的酒不可饮用。酒与乳汁同饮会让人气机郁结；与牛肉同食，会在腹内生虫。酒后不得躺卧。凡是喝酒都要忌讳甜食。酒毒可以用葛花、红豆来解。酒类品种繁多，只有用糯米面曲酿造的，可以入药使用。甜糟，味道咸、性温，无毒。主治温中散冷气，消食去腥，去除一切菜蔬之毒；用来储藏食物不会腐败，揉搓物体能使物体变软，滋润皮肤，调理脏腑。三年以内的酒，用物品承接其液，按摩治疗风瘙，止住呕吐呃逆，抵御风寒，治疗跌打损伤瘀血，浸泡清洗冻疮以及敷治蛇蜂叮咬之毒。红曲酒，大热，有毒。会诱发香港脚（脚气）、肠风、痰喘等各种疾病。只有破血杀毒、驱除山岚寒气、治疗跌打损伤时尤为奇妙。
醋
醋能收敛咽部疮疡，消除痈肿，治疗黄疸，消散水气，破除食积，产后血晕可用醋熏鼻，烧酒及肉食中毒呕吐剧烈者饮醋可缓解。
醋，意为措理，能够调和五味使之适中。味道酸，无毒。主治收敛咽部疮疡，消除痈肿，治疗黄疸，消散水气，消食，破除坚积的癥块。治疗妇人血气心痛及产后血虚发晕，将炭烧红投入醋中，让患者经常吸入醋气为佳，因为酸能益血。因过食烧酒、菜鱼肉毒致病者，立即饮一杯醋催吐。兼治损伤金创，杀灭邪毒。研磨雄黄涂抹蜂虿蜇伤处，取其收敛而不散的特性。多吃醋会损害面色，损伤肌肉脏腑，损害牙齿及筋骨，对男子无益。有米醋、麦醋、枣醋，入药多用米醋，因为谷气完整。陈久的为佳。但南方用炒米制醋，最浓烈。入药需用一份醋，两份水调和方可。江北造醋，用晚米一斗煮成饭，青蒿发酵三日出黄色，每碗饭配冷水两碗，烧酒曲四两，放入瓮中密封，七天后每天早晨用柳木棍搅拌。四十九天后，去渣煮熟，这种醋不太浓烈，初时很苦，所以叫苦酒。
酱
酱味咸酸虽性冷利，但能调和五脏，名义上有益，能除热止烦，解除药物中毒，火烧或蜂虿蜇伤手指疼痛者可敷用。
酱，意为将和。调和五味，以安养五脏，所以圣人不得不吃。用豆制作的陈久者为良。无毒。能除热止烦满，杀灭百药、汤火灼伤之毒，以及一切蛇虫、蜂虿、鱼肉、蔬菌毒发引起的小儿无辜疳积。又有肉酱、鱼酱，都称为醯，不入药用。榆仁酱也辛美，能杀诸虫，通利大小便，治疗心腹恶气，不宜多吃。芜荑酱，功力强于榆酱，多吃会脱发，孕妇若与雀肉同食，会使孩子面部发黑。
饴糖
饴糖甘温，补肺虚，止渴消痰咳自除，温胃进食更消瘀，胀呕湿热休含诸。
用糯米煮粥，待冷后加入麦芽，澄清后再熬至琥珀紫色。软的称为胶饴，建中汤多用此。牵拉成白凝强者称为饴糖，不入药用。各种米都可以制作饴，只有糯米做的最好。无毒，入足太阴经。补虚乏，润肺止渴，消痰止嗽，敛汗；又补中气，健脾胃，增进饮食；去除留血，止吐血，又能治疗跌打损伤瘀血，熬焦后和酒服用，能下恶血；骨鲠喉中及误吞钱环，服用后可排出。只有中满及呕吐者忌用。丹溪说：饴糖属土而成于火，大发湿中之热。《衍义》说动脾风，这是说它的末梢影响。
砂糖
砂糖经过炼制性质也温，治疗心肺大肠虚热，助胃和中止烦渴，吃过量生虫损齿根。
这就是甘蔗汁煎炼而成的。味道甘甜，无毒。润心肺，去心肺大肠热，助脾和中，消烦止渴。小儿多吃生蛲虫，消耗肌肉，损害牙齿，引发疳积。丹溪说：生胃之火，是损害牙齿的原因。这不是土制水，而是热土生火热。又说：甘生湿，湿生火。吃枣多的人，牙齿龋坏，也是这个意思。中满家不宜用，因为甘味的缘故。又与鲫鱼同食成疳虫；与葵同食生流 ；与笋同食，笋不消化成 ，身重不能行也。乳糖，出自浙江，用砂糖、牛乳相和煎炼成块，可作饼，黄色，又称捻糖，易消化。味甘，寒，性冷利，无毒。主治心腹热胀、口渴，明目，治疗目中热膜。又和枣肉、巨胜子为丸，每食后含化一两丸，润肺气，助五脏津。
蜂蜜
蜂蜜甘平喜入脾，补中止痛痢痫奇，消烦除渴润便燥，目赤口齿诸疮宜。
有在树中产的，有在土中产的，有在石上产的，有人家饲养蜜蜂产的，它们的蜜是一样的。但土蜜味碱；家养者取的数量少，而气味不足；山蜜多在石中、古木中，经过一二年获得的，气味纯浓。《衍义》说：蜡取新的，蜜取陈的。新收的稀黄，经久则白而砂。无毒。甘苦入脾，故能养脾气，补中诸不足，止腹痛，治疗肠 、赤白痢，诸惊痫 ，除心烦闷不能饮食，润肺燥、消渴、便难及肛门肿塞。又治疗目生珠管、肤翳、赤肿，口舌生疮，牙齿疳 。火烧、汤泡、热油烧，丹毒，阴头生疮，诸恶疮癞，俱外敷之。兼和百药，解诸毒，安五脏，久服强志不老。惟中寒有湿者禁用。孙真人说：七月勿食生蜜，令暴下发霍乱，多食亦生诸风。凡炼蜜必须用火熬开，以纸覆经宿，纸上去蜡尽，再熬变色，大约一斤只得十二两为佳，不可过度。
Alcohol and cold beverages each have three benefits: first, they nourish the Lung by utilizing the cold within warmth; second, they nourish the Spleen by utilizing the warmth within cold; third, they prevent people from drinking excessively. However, those who are fond of drinking and those with Cold in the Middle Jiao should not consume them.
Zhu Danxi said: The Materia Medica only states that alcohol is extremely hot and toxic, but does not mention that it generates damp-heat resembling Ministerial Fire (Xiang Huo), which can be verified by the aversion to cold and shivering seen after drunkenness. Its nature is good at ascending and dispersing, severely damaging Lung Qi, assisting Fire to generate Phlegm, thereby transforming into various diseases. For mild cases, symptoms may include vomiting, spontaneous sweating, pain and itching, nasal congestion, epistaxis (nosebleed), diarrhea and dysentery, or Heart-Spleen Stomach pain, which can still be dispersed and expelled; for severe cases, it leads to Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst), internal carbuncles, Fei Wei (Lung Atrophy), internal hemorrhoids, Gu Zhang (Drum-like Distension), blindness, asthma, Lao Sou (Consumptive Cough), epilepsy, Tan Ge (Phlegm Obstruction), hematemesis (vomiting blood), and even diseases difficult to name. Tao Hongjing said: Drinking too much damages the Spirit and shortens lifespan; can one not exercise restraint to preserve health? All rice wines are toxic; wine that does not cast a clear reflection when poured on a person should not be consumed. Mixing wine with milk causes Qi stagnation; eating beef with wine causes worms to grow in the abdomen. One must not lie down after drinking. All sweets are contraindicated with alcohol. Alcohol toxicity can be resolved with Ge Hua (Flos Puerariae) and Hong Dou (Adzuki Bean). There are many types of wine, but only those brewed with glutinous rice flour and Qu (fermentation starter) are suitable for medicinal use. Tian Zao (Sweet Fermented Rice Paste) tastes salty and is warm in nature, non-toxic. It treats Cold Qi in the Middle Jiao, aids digestion, removes fishy odors, and eliminates toxins from all vegetables; it prevents food from spoiling during storage, softens mixed substances, moistens the skin, and regulates the Zang-Fu organs. Wine aged less than three years, when collected with a vessel, can be used to massage Feng Sao (wind-induced skin eruptions), stop vomiting and hiccups, resist Wind-Cold, treat bruising and blood stasis from trauma, soak and wash frostbite, and apply to snake and bee stings. Hong Qu Jiu (Red Yeast Rice Wine) is extremely hot and toxic. It triggers Hong Xiang Jiao (Tropical Ulcer/Foot Rot), Chang Feng (Intestinal Wind), and Tan Chuan (Phlegmatic Asthma). It is particularly excellent for breaking Blood stasis, detoxifying, warding off Mountain Miasma Cold Qi, and treating traumatic injuries.
Vinegar
V收敛s throat sores, reduces abscesses, treats Jaundice, dissipates Water-Dampness, breaks Food Retention, postpartum Blood Dizziness can be fumigated with vinegar, and burning wine or meat toxin vomiting like pouring can be treated.
Vinegar means "to arrange," capable of arranging the Five Flavors to achieve balance. It tastes sour and is non-toxic. It treats throat sores by astringing them, reduces abscesses, treats Huang Dan (Jaundice), dissipates Water-Qi, aids digestion, and breaks hard accumulations of Zheng Ku (masses). To treat Women's Blood-Qi Heart-Stomach pain and postpartum dizziness due to Blood deficiency, heat charcoal until red, throw it into vinegar, and allow the patient to inhale the vinegar vapor frequently, as Sour flavors benefit Blood. For illness caused by overeating burning wine, vegetable, fish, or meat toxins, drink one cup of vinegar immediately to induce vomiting. It also treats traumatic injuries and metal wounds, killing evil toxins. Grinding Xiong Huang (Realgar) and applying it to Bee Wasp stings utilizes its astringent property to prevent dispersion. Excessive consumption damages complexion, injures Muscle and Zang-Fu organs, harms teeth and sinews/bones, and offers no benefit to men. There are Mi Cu (Rice Vinegar), Mai Cu (Wheat Vinegar), and Zao Cu (Date Vinegar); Rice Vinegar is mostly used medicinally because it retains complete Grain Qi. Aged vinegar is better. However, Southern vinegar made from fried rice is the strongest. For medicinal use, mix one part vinegar with two parts water. Northern vinegar is made by taking one dou of late rice, cooking it into rice, fermenting with Qing Hao (Artemisia Annua) for three days until yellow, adding two bowls of cold water per bowl of rice, and four liang of Shao Jiu Qu (Baijiu Starter), sealing it in a jar, and stirring every morning with a willow stick after seven days. After forty-nine days, remove dregs and boil; this vinegar is not very strong, initially very bitter, hence called Ku Jiu (Bitter Wine).
Sauce
Sauce tastes salty and sour, though cold and purgative, it harmonizes the Five Zang organs, removes Heat, stops irritability, resolves drug injury, and relieves pain from fire burns or wasp stings on fingers.
Sauce means "to harmonize." Harmonizing the Five Flavors to calm the Five Zang organs, therefore the Sages could not do without it. Soy sauce that is aged is good. Non-toxic. It removes Heat, stops irritability and fullness, kills toxins from hundred medicines, scalds/burns, and all Snake Insect, Wasp, Fish Meat, Vegetable Mushroom toxins causing Xiao Er Wu Gu (Childhood Innocent) malnutrition. There are also Rou Jiang (Meat Sauce) and Yu Jiang (Fish Sauce), both called Xi (Acidic Condiment), not used medicinally. Yu Ren Jiang (Elm Kernel Sauce) is also pungent and delicious, kills various insects, promotes urination and defecation, treats Evil Qi in Heart and Abdomen, but should not be eaten in excess. Wu Yi Jiang (Murraya Sauce) has stronger efficacy than Elm Sauce; excessive consumption causes hair loss; if pregnant women eat it with Sparrow meat, the child's face will turn black.
Maltose
Maltose is sweet and warm, tonifies Lung Deficiency, stops thirst, eliminates Phlegm and Cough naturally, warms Stomach, promotes appetite, further eliminates Blood Stasis; distension, vomiting, Damp-Heat should avoid containing these.
Cook Glutinous Rice into porridge, wait until cool, add Mai Ya (Malt), clarify, then boil again until amber-purple. The soft version is called Jiao Yi (Gelatinous Maltose), widely used in Jian Zhong Tang (Middle-Joint Decoction). The version that pulls white and solidifies strongly is called Yi Tang (Malt Sugar), not used medicinally. Various grains can make maltose, but Glutinous Rice is best. Non-toxic, enters Foot Taiyin Meridian. Tonifies deficiency and exhaustion, moistens Lung, stops thirst, eliminates Phlegm, stops cough, arrests sweating; also tonifies Middle Qi, strengthens Spleen and Stomach, promotes diet; removes retained Blood, stops hematemesis, and treats bruising and blood stasis from trauma; when charred and taken with wine, it expels foul blood; for bone stuck in throat or accidentally swallowed coins/rings, taking it helps expulsion. Contraindicated for those with Fullness in the Middle and vomiting. Danxi said: It belongs to Earth and is formed by Fire, greatly aggravating Heat within Dampness. Yan Yi states it moves Spleen Wind, referring to its peripheral effects.
Rock Sugar
Rock sugar, after refining, has a warm nature, discussed for Empty-Heat in Heart, Lung, and Large Intestine, assists Stomach, harmonizes Middle, stops irritability and thirst; excessive intake causes worms and damages tooth roots.
This is made by boiling and refining Sugarcane Juice. It tastes sweet and is non-toxic. Moistens Heart and Lung, removes Heat from Heart, Lung, and Large Intestine, assists Spleen, harmonizes Middle, eliminates irritability, stops thirst. Children eating too much develop Enterobius vermicularis (pinworms), wasting muscle, damaging teeth, causing Gan Ji (malnutrition). Danxi said: It generates Stomach Fire, which is the cause of dental damage. This is not Earth controlling Water, but Hot Earth generating Fire and Heat. He also said: Sweet generates Dampness, Dampness generates Fire. Those who eat many dates suffer dental caries, for the same reason. Those with abdominal fullness should not use it, due to its sweetness. Eating it with Crucian Carp causes Gan Worms; eating it with Malva verticillata generates Liu Li (flowing ulcers/sores); eating it with Bamboo Shoots causes the shoots not to digest, forming [blockage], leading to heavy body and inability to walk. Nai Tang (Milk Candy) comes from Zhejiang, made by mixing Rock Sugar and Cow Milk, boiling into blocks, can be made into cakes, yellow color, also called Nian Tang (Kneaded Sugar), easy to digest. Tastes sweet, cold in nature, cold and purgative, non-toxic. Treats Heart and Abdominal Heat Distension, thirst, brightens eyes, treats Re Mo (Hot Membrane) in eyes. Also combined with Date Flesh and Ju Sheng Zi (Sesame) into pills, take one or two pills dissolved in mouth after meals, moistens Lung Qi, assists Zang-Fu fluids.
Honey
Honey is sweet and neutral, likes entering Spleen, tonifies Middle, stops pain, treats Dysentery and Epilepsy miraculously, eliminates irritability, stops thirst, moistens dry stool, suitable for Red Eyes and oral/dental sores.
There is honey from trees, from soil, from rocks, and from household beekeeping; their honey is the same. But Soil Honey tastes alkaline; Household Honey is harvested in small quantities and lacks aroma; Mountain Honey is mostly from rocks and ancient trees, obtained after one or two years, with pure and rich aroma. Yan Yi says: Wax should be new, Honey should be aged. Newly collected is thin and yellow; after long storage, it becomes white and sandy. Non-toxic. Sweet and bitter enter Spleen, thus it nourishes Spleen Qi, tonifies Middle deficiencies, stops abdominal pain, treats Chang Pi (Intestinal Abscess), Chi Bai Li (Dysentery with blood and mucus), various Convulsions and Epilepsy, eliminates mental restlessness and inability to eat, moistens Lung Dryness, treats Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst), difficult defecation, and anal swelling/blockage. Also treats Zhu Guan (Pearl Tube - eye condition), Fu Yi (Skin Opacity), Red Swelling, oral/tongue sores, Dental Gan Ji. For fire burns, scalds, hot oil burns, Erysipelas, sores on glans penis, various malignant sores and Leprosy, apply externally. It harmonizes hundred medicines, resolves various toxins, calms Zang-Fu organs, long-term use strengthens will and prevents aging. Contraindicated for those with Cold-Damp in the Middle. Sun Simiao said: Do not eat raw honey in the seventh month, as it may suddenly cause Fa Huo Luan (epidemic cholera-like disorder); excessive intake also generates various Winds. Refining honey must involve boiling with fire, covering with paper overnight until wax is removed from the paper, then boiling until color changes; approximately twelve taels remain from one jin, which is ideal, do not over-boil.