帝曰∶阴虚生内热，奈何？岐伯曰∶有所劳倦，形气衰少，谷气不盛，上焦不行，下脘
不通，胃气热，热气熏胸中，故内热。此言气虚之候也。东垣宗其说，发补中益气之论，卓
立千古。朱丹溪从而广之，以为阳常有余，阴常不足，人之劳心好色，内损肾元者，多属真
阴亏损，宜用六味汤加知母，黄柏，补其阴而火自降，此又以血虚为言也。后人论补气者，
则宗东垣，论补血者，则宗丹溪。且曰水为天一之元，土为万物之母，其说至为有理。然而
阳虚易补，阴虚难疗。治虚损者，当就其阴血未枯之时而早补之。患虚损者，当就其真阴未
槁之时而重养之，亦庶平其可矣。凡虚劳之证，多见吐血、痰涌、发热、梦遗、经闭，以及
肺痿、肺疽、咽痛、音哑，侧卧，传尸、鬼注诸疾，今照葛仙翁《十药神书》例，增损方法
胪列于下，以便观览。
止咳嗽为主。余见虚损之成，多由于吐血。吐血之因，多由于咳嗽，咳嗽之原，多起于
风寒。仲景云∶咳而喘息有音，甚则吐血者，用麻黄汤。东垣师其意，改用人参麻黄芍药汤
可见咳嗽吐红之症，多由于外感者，不可不察也。余治外感咳嗽，用止嗽散加荆、防、苏
梗以散之。散后肺虚，即用五味异功散，补脾土以生肺金。虚中挟邪，则用团鱼丸解之。虚
损渐成，咳嗽不止，乃用紫菀散、月华丸，清而补之。此治虚咳之要诀也。余详本门。
止嗽散 （见后咳嗽门。
五味异功散 （即四君子汤加陈皮，方见后。
黄帝问道：阴虚产生内热，是怎么回事？岐伯回答说：由于过度劳累，形体和正气衰弱减少，水谷精微之气不足，上焦的气机不能宣通，下脘的传导功能阻滞不通，导致胃气郁而化热，热气熏蒸于胸中，所以产生内热。这是指气虚的表现。李东垣遵循这一理论，提出了补中益气的学说，卓然树立，影响千古。朱丹溪在此基础上加以发挥，认为阳气常常有余，阴液常常不足，人们因劳心过度或纵欲好色，内在损伤肾元者，大多属于真阴亏损，适宜使用六味地黄汤加入知母、黄柏，来滋补阴液，那么虚火自然下降，这是从血虚的角度来论述的。后世讨论补气的人，则尊崇李东垣；讨论补血的人，则尊崇朱丹溪。并且说：水是天一之元（先天之本），土是万物之母（后天之本），这种说法非常有道理。然而，阳虚容易治疗，阴虚难以痊愈。治疗虚损病证，应当在患者的阴血尚未枯竭之时及早进补。患有虚损病的人，应当在真阴尚未干枯之时着重调养，这样或许就可以平复了。凡是虚劳的病证，多见吐血、痰多涌盛、发热、梦遗、月经闭止，以及肺痿、肺痈、咽喉疼痛、声音嘶哑、侧卧呼吸、传尸、鬼注等诸种疾病，现在依照葛仙翁《十药神书》的体例，增减治疗方法并逐一列举如下，以便读者阅览。
以止咳为主。我观察到虚损病的形成，大多由于吐血。吐血的成因，大多由于咳嗽，咳嗽的根源，大多起于风寒。张仲景说：咳嗽且喘息有声，严重到吐血的，用麻黄汤治疗。李东垣师法他的意旨，改用人参麻黄芍药汤。由此可见，咳嗽带血的症状，大多由于外感引起，不可不仔细辨别。我治疗外感引起的咳嗽，使用止嗽散加入荆芥、防风、苏梗来疏散邪气。发散之后肺气虚弱，立即使用五味异功散，通过补益脾土来滋生肺金。若虚证中夹杂邪气，则使用团鱼丸来解除。虚损逐渐形成，咳嗽不止，便使用紫菀散、月华丸，进行清润与滋补。这是治疗虚性咳嗽的要诀。详细内容见本门其他章节。
止嗽散（见后文咳嗽门）。
五味异功散（即四君子汤加陈皮，方剂见后文）。
The Yellow Emperor asked: How does Yin deficiency generate internal heat? Qibo replied: Due to overexertion, the physical form and vital Qi decline and diminish, the Qi from grain and water fails to flourish. The Upper Jiao (Upper Burner) cannot circulate freely, and the lower Stomach opening is obstructed. The Stomach Qi becomes hot, and the hot Qi steams upward into the chest. Therefore, internal heat arises. This describes the syndrome of Qi deficiency. Li Dongyuan followed this theory and developed the discourse on tonifying the Middle and augmenting Qi, establishing a work that stands out for millennia. Zhu Danxi expanded upon it, asserting that Yang is often in excess while Yin is often insufficient. Those who labor their minds excessively or indulge in sexual desires, thereby internally damaging the Kidney Yuan (Original Essence), mostly suffer from a deficiency of True Yin. They should use Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) added with Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) and Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) to tonify Yin, whereupon the deficient fire will naturally subside. This discusses the condition from the perspective of Blood deficiency. Later scholars who discussed tonifying Qi revered Li Dongyuan, while those discussing tonifying Blood revered Zhu Danxi. Furthermore, they stated that Water is the origin of Tianyi (Heavenly One/Constitutional Foundation), and Earth is the mother of all things; this theory is highly reasonable. However, Yang deficiency is easy to treat, whereas Yin deficiency is difficult to cure. When treating consumptive diseases, one must tonify early before the Yin and Blood are exhausted. Patients suffering from consumptive diseases must focus on nourishing heavily before their True Yin withers. Only then can recovery be expected. Symptoms of general Lao (Consumption) often include hemoptysis, abundant phlegm, fever, nocturnal emission, amenorrhea, as well as lung atrophy (Fei Wei), lung abscess (Fei Yong), sore throat, hoarseness, lateral recumbency, infectious consumption (Chuan Shi), and ghost injection (Gui Zhu). Now, following the example of Ge Xianweng's *Shiyao Shenshu* (Divine Book of Ten Medicines), I have adjusted and listed the methods below for easier reference.
The primary goal is to stop coughing. I observe that the formation of consumptive diseases mostly stems from hemoptysis. The cause of hemoptysis mostly lies in coughing, and the root of coughing mostly arises from Wind-Cold. Zhang Zhongjing stated: For coughing accompanied by wheezing with sound, progressing to severe hemoptysis, use Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction). Li Dongyuan adopted his principle but modified it to use Renshen Mahuang Shaoyao Tang (Ginseng, Ephedra, and Peony Decoction). Thus, it can be seen that coughing with blood streaks is mostly due to external pathogens, a fact that must not be overlooked. In my treatment of cough caused by external pathogens, I use Zhisou San (Stop Cough Powder) added with Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), and Sugen (Perillae Caulis) to disperse the pathogen. After dispersion, if Lung Qi is deficient, I immediately use Wuwei Yigong San (Five-Ingredient Extraordinary Merit Powder) to tonify Spleen Earth to generate Lung Metal. If deficiency is complicated by lingering pathogenic factors, I use Tuanyu Wan (Softshell Turtle Pill) to resolve them. As consumptive disease gradually forms and cough persists, I use Ziwan San (Aster Powder) and Yuehua Wan (Moonlight Pill) to clear heat and tonify simultaneously. These are the essential principles for treating deficiency-type cough. Detailed explanations are found in this section.
Zhisou San (See Cough Section later).
Wuwei Yigong San (This is Sijunzi Tang [Four Gentlemen Decoction] plus Chenpi [Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium], formula see later).