喘促者，气上冲而不得倚息也。其证有实有虚，有半实半虚者。实喘者，或外感风寒，皮毛顿
闭，或内停水饮，肺气不宣，均足致喘。虚喘者，水天之气不相交接也。《经》云，其本在肾，其末在肺，
以明水天一气。若天水违行，则肺肾不交而喘作矣。倘治不得宜，将有离脱之患。半实半虚者，肺金
寒而脾土湿，脾气不升，肺气不降，痰涎在中，上下不交而为喘。夫脾肺不交，则为虚寒湿，内凝则为
实。虚实相半，宜补泻并施，寒凉之药，在所当禁也。如实喘属外感风寒者，以小青龙汤主之。如实喘
属内停水饮者，以小半夏加茯苓汤主之。或姜苓半夏汤主之。如虚喘而肾气离根，水泛为痰者，以真武汤
主之。如半实半虚，内有寒湿者，以六君子汤，加生姜主之。如半实半虚，内有火逆者，以麦门冬汤主之。
小青龙汤
（方见咳嗽）
小半夏加茯苓汤
半夏（四钱） 茯苓（四钱） 生姜（四钱） 水煎大半杯，温服。凡呕吐吞酸，
腹痛胀满者，均可用。
治喘方
即加减小青龙汤也。茯苓（三钱） 半夏（三钱） 陈皮（三钱） 甘草（二钱） 桂枝（三钱）
干姜（二钱） 细辛（一钱） 砂仁（二钱）
姜苓半夏汤
（方见痰饮）
真武汤
（方见痰饮）
六君子汤
（方见疟疾） 加生姜（三钱），水煎大半杯，温服。
麦门冬汤
麦冬（三钱） 人参（二钱） 粳米（五钱） 半夏（三钱） 甘草（三钱） 大枣（二枚）
水煎大半杯，温服。
喘促，是指气机上冲而不能平卧呼吸的症状。其证候有实证、虚证，以及半实半虚证三种情况。
实证喘促，多因外感风寒，导致皮毛腠理骤然闭塞；或因体内停积水饮，致使肺气宣发肃降功能失常，这两种情况均足以引发喘促。
虚证喘促，是由于肾水与肺金之气不能相互交接所致。《黄帝内经》云：“其本在肾，其末在肺”，以此阐明肾水与肺金同属一气。如果天水（肾水与肺气）运行违逆，导致肺肾不交，就会发生喘促。倘若治疗不当，将有阳气离脱的危险。
半实半虚证，是由于肺金寒凉而脾土湿滞，脾气不能上升，肺气不能下降，痰涎停滞于中焦，上下气机不能交通而引发喘促。脾肺不交，表现为虚寒湿邪内凝，则转为实证。虚实各占一半，应当补法与泻法并用，寒凉性质的药物则在禁忌之列。
如果是实证喘促且属于外感风寒者，以小青龙汤为主治方剂。如果是实证喘促且属于体内停积水饮者，以小半夏加茯苓汤为主治方剂，或者使用姜苓半夏汤。如果是虚证喘促且肾气离根、水泛为痰者，以真武汤为主治方剂。如果是半实半虚证且体内有寒湿者，以六君子汤加生姜为主治方剂。如果是半实半虚证且体内有火逆者，以麦门冬汤为主治方剂。
小半夏加茯苓汤
半夏（四钱） 茯苓（四钱） 生姜（四钱） 用水煎煮至大半杯，温服。凡是呕吐吞酸、腹痛胀满的患者，均可使用此方。
治喘方
即加减后的小青龙汤。茯苓（三钱） 半夏（三钱） 陈皮（三钱） 甘草（二钱） 桂枝（三钱） 干姜（二钱） 细辛（一钱） 砂仁（二钱）
Chuan Cu (Wheezing and shortness of breath) refers to the symptom where Qi rushes upward, making it impossible to lie flat and breathe normally. Its manifestations include excess patterns, deficiency patterns, and half-excess half-deficiency patterns.
Excess Chuan Cu is caused either by external contraction of Wind-Cold, which suddenly closes the skin and hair pores, or by internal retention of fluid retention, which obstructs the diffusing and descending functions of the Lung Qi; both conditions are sufficient to induce wheezing.
Deficiency Chuan Cu occurs when the Qi of Kidney Water and Lung Metal fail to interact. The *Classic* states: "Its root lies in the Kidney, its branch lies in the Lung," clarifying that Kidney Water and Lung Metal constitute a single Qi system. If the interaction between Heaven (Lung Qi) and Earth (Kidney Essence/Water) is disrupted, leading to a lack of communication between the Lung and Kidney, wheezing ensues. If treated improperly, there is a risk of Qi separation and collapse.
The half-excess half-deficiency pattern arises from Cold in Lung Metal and Dampness in Spleen Earth. When Spleen Qi fails to ascend and Lung Qi fails to descend, phlegm-saliva stagnates in the middle jiao, preventing the communication between the upper and lower parts, thereby causing wheezing. The non-communication of Spleen and Lung manifests as deficiency-cold-dampness; if internally congealed, it becomes excess. With equal parts of excess and deficiency, tonification and purgation should be applied simultaneously, while cold-natured herbs are contraindicated.
For excess Chuan Cu due to external Wind-Cold, Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) is the primary formula. For excess Chuan Cu due to internal fluid retention, Xiao Ban Xia Jia Fu Ling Tang (Minor Pinellia with Poria Decoction) is used, or alternatively, Jiang Ling Ban Xia Tang (Ginger, Poria, and Pinellia Decoction). For deficiency Chuan Cu with Kidney Qi detached from its root and water flooding to form phlegm, Zhen Wu Tang (True Warrior Decoction) is indicated. For half-excess half-deficiency patterns with internal cold-dampness, Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) with added Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger) is prescribed. For half-excess half-deficiency patterns with internal rebellious Fire, Mai Men Dong Tang (Ophiopogon Decoction) is used.
Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction)
(See the chapter on Cough for the formula details)
Xiao Ban Xia Jia Fu Ling Tang (Minor Pinellia with Poria Decoction)
Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 4 qian) Fu Ling (Poria, 4 qian) Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 4 qian) Decoct in water until approximately half a cup remains, take warm. This formula can be used for patients suffering from vomiting, acid regurgitation, abdominal pain, and distension/fullness.
Formula for Treating Wheezing
This is a modified version of Xiao Qing Long Tang. Fu Ling (Poria, 3 qian) Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 3 qian) Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 3 qian) Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 2 qian) Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 3 qian) Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, 2 qian) Xi Xin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, 1 qian) Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus, 2 qian)
Jiang Ling Ban Xia Tang (Ginger, Poria, and Pinellia Decoction)
(See the chapter on Fluid Retention for the formula details)
Zhen Wu Tang (True Warrior Decoction)
(See the chapter on Fluid Retention for the formula details)
Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction)
(See the chapter on Malaria for the formula details) Add Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 3 qian), decoct in water until approximately half a cup remains, take warm.
Mai Men Dong Tang (Ophiopogon Decoction)
Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogonis Radix, 3 qian) Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix, 2 qian) Jing Mi (Oryza Sativa, 5 qian) Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 3 qian) Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 3 qian) Da Zao (Jujubae Fructus, 2 pieces) Decoct in water until approximately half a cup remains, take warm.