论
《内经》曰∶诸风掉眩，皆属肝木。夫小儿八岁以前曰纯阳，盖其真水未旺，心火已炎，故肺金受制而无以平木，
故肝木常有余，而脾土常不足也。为父母者，而有失于保养，其或衣服寒暄不调，以致外邪侵袭，或饮食之饥饱失节，
以致中气损伤，是故急慢惊风之候作矣。夫惟急惊属肝木风邪有余之证，治宜清凉苦寒泻气之药。慢惊属脾土中气不足
之候，治宜中和甘温补中之剂。若夫急惊之候，因闻不常之声，或遇驴马禽兽之号，以致面青口噤，或声嘶而厥，发过
则容色如故，良久复作，其身热，面赤引饮，口鼻中气热，大小便黄赤色，惺惺不睡。盖热甚则生痰，痰盛则生风，偶
因惊而发耳，宜用钱氏利惊丸、泻青丸、抱龙丸、宣风散、五福化毒丹等药。慢惊之证，多因饮食不节，损伤脾胃，以
致吐泻日久，中气大虚，而致发搐，发则无休止时，其身冷，面黄不渴，口鼻中气寒，大小便青白，昏睡露睛，目上视，
手足螈 ，筋脉拘挛。盖脾虚则生风，风盛则筋急，俗名天吊风者，即此候也，治宜东垣黄 汤、钱氏钩藤丸、温白
丸、丹溪参术汤送下朱砂安神丸之类。钱氏谓急惊为无阴之证，因心经实热而阴不能以配阳，是为阳盛阴虚之候也。谓
慢惊为无阳之证，因脾土虚甚而阳不能以胜阴，是为阴盛阳虚之候也。
愚按∶小儿急慢惊风之证，其虚实寒热，如天渊之隔，故急惊者十生一死，慢惊者十死一生。俗医多不谙此理，混
为一途而治，误人多矣。业幼科者，宜推幼幼及人之心为心，庶几斯世无夭折之赤子矣，幸甚！
脉法
（并见前总章。）
方法
丹溪曰∶钱氏方乃小儿科之祖，其立例极妙，若能增损而用之，无不验也。
又曰∶惊风有二∶慢惊属脾虚所主，多死，宜温补。一云∶当养脾，用参术煎汤下安神丸。急惊属痰热，宜凉泻。
一云∶用养血药作汤，下降火清痰丸子抱龙丸之类。世以一药通治二证，甚谬。
（以上丹溪方法凡二条）
东垣治惊论曰∶外物惊宜镇心，以黄连安神丸。若气动所惊，宜寒水石安神丸，大忌防风丸，治风辛温之药必杀人。
何也？辛散浮温热者火也。因惊而泄青色，先镇肝以朱砂之类，勿用寒凉之药，大禁凉惊丸。风木旺必克脾胃，当先实
其土，后泻其木。阎孝忠编集钱氏方，以益黄补土，误矣。其药有丁香辛热助火，火旺土愈虚矣。青橘皮泻肺金，丁香
辛热大泻肺与大肠。脾实当泻子，今脾胃虚反更泻子而助火，重虚其土，杀人无疑矣。其风木旺证，右关脉洪大，掌中
热，腹皮热，岂可以助火泻金。如寒水来乘脾土，其病呕吐腹痛，泻痢青白，益黄散圣药也，今立一方，先泻火补其土
是为神治之法。
黄 汤（东垣，治慢惊风之神药也。）
黄 （二钱） 人参（一钱） 炙甘草（五分） 加白芍药（一钱）
上细切，作一服，水一盏，煎至半盏，去渣食远温服。上三味皆甘温能助元气，甘能泻火。内经云∶热淫于内，以
甘泻之，以酸收之，白芍药酸寒，寒能泻火，酸味能泻肝而大补肺金，所补得金土之位，金旺火虚，风木何由而来克土，
然后泻风之邪。
又曰∶夫益黄散、理中丸、养神丸之类，皆治脾胃寒湿太盛神品之药也。若得脾胃中伏热、劳役不足之证，及服热
药巴豆之类，致胃虚而成慢惊之证，用之必伤人命。夫慢惊风者，皆由久泻脾胃虚而生也。钱氏以羌活膏疗慢惊风，误
矣。脾虚者，由火邪乘其土位，故曰从后来者为虚邪，火旺能实其木，木旺故来克土。当于心经中以甘温补土之源，更
于脾土中泻火以甘寒，更于脾土中补金以酸凉，使脾土中金旺火衰，风木自虚矣。损食多进药愈，上药是也。
益黄散（东垣） 治胃中风热。（又治风木旺，右关脉洪大，掌中热，腹皮热，
或寒水乘脾土，呕吐腹痛，泻痢青白，亦佳。）
黄 （二钱） 陈皮（去白） 人参（各一钱） 白芍药（七分） 生甘草 炙甘草（各五分） 黄连（少许）
上为细末，分三服，每服用水一盏，煎至半盏，食前服。
安神丸（钱氏） 治邪热惊啼，心疳，面黄颊赤，壮热。
麦门冬（去心） 马牙硝 白茯苓 干山药 寒水石 甘草（炙，各五钱） 朱砂（一两） 龙脑（一字）
上为细末，炼蜜为丸，如芡实大，每服半丸，砂糖水磨化下。慢惊，用参术煎浓汁化下。
白术散（钱氏） 治积痛，和胃生津止泻。频泻利将欲成慢惊风者，服之决效。
人参 白术 木香 白茯苓（去皮） 炙甘草 藿香（各一钱） 干
葛（二钱）
上细切，分二服，每服水一盏，煎至半盏，温服。
丹溪加山药、白扁豆（炒）、肉豆蔻（面裹，火煨，各一钱，用生姜一片煎）。若慢惊风已作，加细辛、天麻（各一
钱）、全蝎（三枚，去梢毒）、白附子（八分，面裹煨）同煎服，不拘时候。
一方 治惊风。
用母丁香一粒细嚼，人中白少许，以其母中指取血调，擦牙上，即苏。
急慢惊风，发热口疮，手心伏热，痰热，痰嗽、痰喘，并用涌法。重剂用瓜蒂散，轻剂用苦参、赤小豆末，以酸
汁调服，吐之。吐后稍定，更用防风通圣散为末，蜜丸服之。间以桑羊干为末，米饮调服，以平其风气。
又方 治急慢惊风。
薄荷叶 寒水石（各五钱） 青黛 白僵蚕 朱砂（各一钱） 全蝎（二枚，炒） 猪牙皂角 槐角（各五分）
上为细末，灯草汤和乳汁调，时时灌之。
又方 治慢惊风，子母俱服。
人参 白术（各一钱） 茯苓 陈皮（各五分） 甘草 薄荷（各二分） 半
夏天麻（各七分） 细辛（三分） 全蝎（去毒，炒，一枚）
上细切，作一服，加姜三片，水一盏，煎至七分服。
镇惊丸 镇惊宁神，退心热夜啼，化痰止嗽。
珍珠（一钱） 琥珀 天竺黄 雄黄（各三钱） 金箔（研，十片） 胆星
（五钱） 牛黄（二钱） 麝香（五分） 朱砂（三钱半）
上为细末，麦面糊为丸，如梧桐子大，每服五、六丸，薄荷、姜、蜜汤化下。
夺命丹 治急惊不省人事，目定直视，牙关不开，唇白或黑者。
南星 半夏（各四钱，为末，以生姜汁捏和作饼子，焙干） 珍珠（新白者，二
钱，研） 巴豆（去油净，一钱） 朱砂（四钱） 金箔 银箔（各十片） 轻粉 麝香（各五分）
上为细末，面糊丸如黍米大，每一岁儿一丸，灯心汤化下。
利惊丸 治急惊风神效。
天竺黄（二钱） 轻粉 青黛（各一钱） 黑丑（头末，半两，生用）
上为细末研匀，炼蜜丸如梧桐子大，一岁儿一丸，三岁儿二丸，五岁儿三丸，温薄荷水下，食后服。
泻青丸（又名泻肝丸） 治肝热急惊搐搦等证。
羌活 川芎 栀子仁 草龙胆 当归 防风（去芦） 川大黄（湿纸裹煨，各等分，一本无大黄）
上为细末，炼蜜丸如芡实大，每服半丸至一丸，煎淡竹叶汤同砂糖温水化下。
抱龙丸 治伤风瘟疫，身热昏睡气粗，风热痰实壅嗽，又治惊
风潮搐，及蛊毒中暑。沐浴后，并可服。壮实小儿，宜时与服之，则免痰热惊悸之证。
雄黄（二钱半，水飞） 辰砂（另研，五钱） 天竺黄（一两） 天南星（焙为末，
腊月纳牛胆中阴干，百日取研，秤四两，如无，只将生干者，去皮脐炒热用，然不及胆星）
麝香（五钱，别研，恐太多，今用二钱半）
上为末，煮甘草膏和丸，如皂子大，温水化下。百日儿每丸分作三服，一岁儿半丸，五岁儿二丸，童草三五丸。室
女白带伏暑，用盐少许，细嚼一二丸，新汲水送下，腊月用雪水煮甘草和丸，尤佳。一法∶用浆水或新水浸南星三日，
煮三五沸，去皮取白肉切，焙炒黄色为末，每八两，以甘草二两半拍破，用水二碗，慢火煎至半碗，去渣，旋旋洒入南
星末，徐徐研之，令甘草水净，入余药。
龙胆汤（千金） 治婴儿出腹，血脉实盛，寒热交作，四肢惊掣，并诸疳惊等证。
草龙胆 钓钩藤 柴胡 黄芩 桂枝 茯神 芍药 甘草（各三钱） 蜣螂（七枚，炒） 大黄（五钱）
上细切，用水一升，煮至五合，徐徐服之。
宣风散 治急惊风，搐搦不定。
槟榔（二枚） 陈皮 甘草（各五钱） 黑丑（四两。半生半炒，取头末，二两）
上为细末，二、三岁儿蜜汤调下半钱，以上一钱，食前服。
五福化毒丹 治急惊风、痰热搐搦等证。
桔梗（微炒） 玄参（洗焙，各六两） 青黛（研） 牙硝（枯，各二两） 人
参（三两，去芦） 茯苓（去皮，五两） 炙甘草（一两半） 银箔（八片，为末） 金箔
（八片，为衣） 麝香（五分，另研）
上为细末，入研药拌匀，炼蜜丸，每两分作十二丸，一岁儿每一
丸分四服，薄荷水化下。疮疹余毒，上攻口齿，涎血臭气，以生地黄
自然汁化一丸，以鸡翎刷口内。
金箔丸 治急慢惊风，痰涎壅盛。
半夏（汤泡七次） 天南星（煨裂） 白附子（炮） 防风（去芦，各五钱）
雄黄 朱砂（各二钱半） 生犀末（一钱） 牛黄 龙脑 麝香（各五分） 金箔（二十片）
上为细末，姜汁调面打糊为丸，如麻子大，每服三五丸至一二十丸，人参汤下。慢惊风，去龙脑。
钩藤饮 治吐利，脾胃气弱，虚风慢惊。
钓钩藤（五分） 蝉蜕 防风（去芦） 人参 麻黄（去节） 白僵蚕
（炒） 天麻 蝎尾（去毒，炒，各二分） 甘草（炙） 川芎（各一分半）
上细切，作一服，水一盏，煎至六分，温服。量人大小，加减分数与之。虚寒者，加附子末半分。
温白丸 治小儿脾气虚弱，泄泻瘦怯，冷疳洞泄，及吐泻久病，转成慢惊，身冷螈 等证。
天麻（五钱） 白僵蚕（炒） 白附子（生） 全蝎（去毒，炒） 天南星（汤泡七次，焙，各二钱五分）
上为细末，汤浸寒食面为丸，如绿豆大，每服五七丸至二三十丸，空心姜米汤下。
凉惊丸 治惊疳。
草龙胆 防风（去芦） 青黛（各三钱） 钩藤（二钱） 黄连（一两二钱） 龙
脑（一钱） 牛黄 麝香（各一钱）
上为细末，麦面糊丸，如黍米大，每服三、五丸至一、二十丸，煎金银汤送下。
论
《黄帝内经》说：各种风病引起的肢体震颤、头晕目眩，都归属于肝木。小儿在八岁以前被称为“纯阳”，这是因为他们的真阴（肾水）尚未旺盛，而心火已经炎上，所以肺金受到制约而无法平抑肝木，导致肝木之气常常有余，而脾土之气常常不足。作为父母，如果在保养方面有所疏忽，比如衣物冷暖调节不当，导致外邪侵袭；或者饮食饥饱不节制，损伤了中气，那么急惊风和慢惊风的病症就会发生。急惊风属于肝木风邪有余的证候，治疗适宜使用清凉苦寒以泻气的药物。慢惊风属于脾土中气不足的证候，治疗适宜使用平和甘温以补中的方剂。至于急惊风的症状，是因为听到不寻常的声音，或遇到驴马禽兽的叫声，导致面色发青、牙关紧闭，或者声音嘶哑并出现昏厥，发作过后容色恢复正常，过很久又再次发作，身体发热，面红口渴想喝水，口鼻呼出的气热，大小便呈黄赤色，神志清醒但无法安睡。因为热盛则生痰，痰盛则生风，偶尔因受惊而诱发，适宜使用钱乙的利惊丸、泻青丸、抱龙丸、宣风散、五福化毒丹等药物。慢惊风的证候，多因饮食不节，损伤脾胃，导致吐泻日久，中气大虚，从而引发抽搐，发作时无休止，身体冰冷，面色发黄且不口渴，口鼻呼出的气寒，大小便呈青白色，昏睡且眼睛半睁露出眼白，眼球向上凝视，手足抽搐，筋脉拘挛。因为脾虚则生风，风盛则筋脉紧急，俗称“天吊风”的，就是这种证候，治疗适宜使用李东垣的黄耆汤、钱乙的钩藤丸、温白丸、朱丹溪的参术汤送服朱砂安神丸之类的药物。钱乙认为急惊风是无阴的证候，因为心经实热导致阴不能配阳，这是阳盛阴虚的证候。他认为慢惊风是无阳的证候，因为脾土极度虚弱导致阳不能胜阴，这是阴盛阳虚的证候。
我认为：小儿急惊风和慢惊风的证候，其虚实寒热的区别，如同天和深渊那样相隔遥远，所以急惊风十分之中只死一个，而慢惊风十分之中却死九个。世俗医生大多不懂这个道理，将两者混为一谈进行治疗，误人无数。从事儿科的医生，应当推己及人，像爱护自己的幼儿一样去爱护别人的孩子，这样世间就没有夭折的婴儿了，这该是多么幸运啊！
脉法
（均见前面的总章。）
治疗方法
朱丹溪说：钱乙的方子是儿科的始祖，其立例极其精妙，如果能在此基础上增减变化而使用，没有不灵验的。
又说：惊风有两种：慢惊风属于脾虚所主，多致死，适宜温补。一种说法是：应当养脾，用人参、白术煎汤送服安神丸。急惊风属于痰热，适宜凉泻。一种说法是：用养血药作汤剂，送服降火清痰的丸子如抱龙丸之类。世人用一种药通治这两种证候，非常荒谬。
（以上丹溪关于治疗方法的两条论述）
李东垣论治惊风说：因外界事物惊吓导致的，适宜镇心安神，使用黄连安神丸。如果是因气机变动导致的惊悸，适宜使用寒水石安神丸，绝对禁忌使用防风丸，治疗风病的辛温药物必定会杀人。为什么呢？辛散、浮越、温热者属于火。因为受惊而排泄青色大便，先要镇肝，使用朱砂之类的药物，不要用寒凉的药物，绝对禁止使用凉惊丸。风木旺盛会克制脾胃，应当先充实脾胃之土，然后再泻肝木。阎孝忠编集钱乙的方子，用益黄散来补土，是错误的。其中的药物有丁香，性味辛热助火，火旺则土更虚。青橘皮泻肺金，丁香辛热大泻肺与大肠。脾实证应当泻其子脏（心），现在脾胃虚反而更泻其子脏而助火，使土更加虚弱，杀人无疑。那种风木旺盛的证候，右关脉洪大，手掌心热，腹部皮肤热，怎么可以用助火泻金的药物。如果是寒水来乘袭脾土，其病表现为呕吐腹痛，泻痢青白色，益黄散是圣药。现在我制定一方，先泻火再补土，这才是神妙的治疗方法。
黄耆汤（李东垣，是治疗慢惊风的神药。）
黄耆（二钱） 人参（一钱） 炙甘草（五分） 加白芍药（一钱）
以上切碎，作为一服药，用水一盏，煎至半盏，去渣，饭后温服。上面三味药都是甘温能助元气，甘味能泻火。《内经》说：热邪淫于体内，用甘味泻之，用酸味收之。白芍药酸寒，寒能泻火，酸味能泻肝而大补肺金，所补得的是金和土的位置，金旺火虚，风木从哪里来克伐脾土，然后才能泻除风邪。
又说：益黄散、理中丸、养神丸之类的药物，都是治疗脾胃寒湿太盛的神品药物。如果得到脾胃中有伏热、劳役不足的证候，以及服用热药巴豆之类的，导致胃虚而成慢惊风的证候，使用这些药物必定伤人生命。慢惊风，都是由久泻导致脾胃虚弱而生成的。钱乙用羌活膏治疗慢惊风，是错误的。脾虚，是由火邪乘袭其土位，所以说从后来者为虚邪，火旺能使其木实，木旺故来克土。应当在心经中以甘温补土之源，更在脾土中用甘寒泻火，更在脾土中用酸凉补金，使脾土中金旺火衰，风木自然虚弱了。饮食过多进药愈多，上面的药物就是。
益黄散（李东垣） 治疗胃中风热。（又治疗风木旺，右关脉洪大，掌心热，腹皮热，或者寒水乘袭脾土，呕吐腹痛，泻痢青白色，也很好。）
黄耆（二钱） 陈皮（去白） 人参（各一钱） 白芍药（七分） 生甘草 炙甘草（各五分） 黄连（少许）
以上为细末，分三次服用，每服用一盏水，煎至半盏，饭前服用。
安神丸（钱乙） 治疗邪热惊啼，心疳，面黄颊赤，壮热。
麦门冬（去心） 马牙硝 白茯苓 干山药 寒水石 甘草（炙，各五钱） 朱砂（一两） 龙脑（一字）
以上为细末，炼蜜为丸，如芡实大小，每服半丸，砂糖水磨化下。慢惊风，用人参、白术煎浓汁化下。
白术散（钱乙） 治疗积痛，和胃生津止泻。频繁泻利将要形成慢惊风的，服用此药决效。
人参 白术 木香 白茯苓（去皮） 炙甘草 藿香（各一钱） 干葛（二钱）
以上切碎，分两次服用，每服用一盏水，煎至半盏，温服。
丹溪加山药、炒白扁豆、面裹火煨的肉豆蔻（各一钱，用生姜一片煎）。如果慢惊风已经发作，加细辛、天麻（各一钱）、全蝎（三枚，去梢毒）、白附子（八分，面裹煨）同煎服，不拘时候。
一方 治疗惊风。
用母丁香一粒细嚼，人中白少许，以其母中指取血调匀，擦在牙齿上，即苏醒。
急慢惊风，发热口疮，手心伏热，痰热，痰嗽、痰喘，都用涌吐法。重剂用瓜蒂散，轻剂用苦参、赤小豆末，以酸汁调服，使之吐出。吐后稍定，再用防风通圣散为末，蜜丸服用。间或用桑羊干为末，米饮调服，以平其风气。
又方 治疗急慢惊风。
薄荷叶 寒水石（各五钱） 青黛 白僵蚕 朱砂（各一钱） 全蝎（二枚，炒） 猪牙皂角 槐角（各五分）
以上为细末，灯草汤和乳汁调匀，时时灌服。
又方 治疗慢惊风，母子俱服。
人参 白术（各一钱） 茯苓 陈皮（各五分） 甘草 薄荷（各二分） 半夏 天麻（各七分） 细辛（三分） 全蝎（去毒，炒，一枚）
以上切碎，作为一服药，加姜三片，水一盏，煎至七分服用。
镇惊丸 镇惊宁神，退心热夜啼，化痰止嗽。
珍珠（一钱） 琥珀 天竺黄 雄黄（各三钱） 金箔（研，十片） 胆星（五钱） 牛黄（二钱） 麝香（五分） 朱砂（三钱半）
以上为细末，麦面糊为丸，如梧桐子大小，每服五、六丸，薄荷、姜、蜜汤化下。
夺命丹 治疗急惊不省人事，目定直视，牙关不开，唇白或黑者。
南星 半夏（各四钱，为末，以生姜汁捏和作饼子，焙干） 珍珠（新白者，二钱，研） 巴豆（去油净，一钱） 朱砂（四钱） 金箔 银箔（各十片） 轻粉 麝香（各五分）
以上为细末，面糊丸如黍米大小，每一岁儿一丸，灯心汤化下。
利惊丸 治疗急惊风神效。
天竺黄（二钱） 轻粉 青黛（各一钱） 黑丑（头末，半两，生用）
以上为细末研匀，炼蜜丸如梧桐子大小，一岁儿一丸，三岁儿二丸，五岁儿三丸，温薄荷水下，食后服用。
泻青丸（又名泻肝丸） 治疗肝热急惊搐搦等证。
羌活 川芎 栀子仁 草龙胆 当归 防风（去芦） 川大黄（湿纸裹煨，各等分，一本无大黄）
以上为细末，炼蜜丸如芡实大小，每服半丸至一丸，煎淡竹叶汤同砂糖温水化下。
抱龙丸 治疗伤风瘟疫，身热昏睡气粗，风热痰实壅嗽，又治疗惊风潮搐，及蛊毒中暑。沐浴后，并可服。壮实小儿，宜时与服之，则免痰热惊悸之证。
雄黄（二钱半，水飞） 辰砂（另研，五钱） 天竺黄（一两） 天南星（焙为末，腊月纳牛胆中阴干，百日取研，秤四两，如无，只将生干者，去皮脐炒热用，然不及胆星） 麝香（五钱，别研，恐太多，今用二钱半）
以上为末，煮甘草膏和丸，如皂子大小，温水化下。百日儿每丸分作三服，一岁儿半丸，五岁儿二丸，童草三五丸。室女白带伏暑，用盐少许，细嚼一二丸，新汲水送下，腊月用雪水煮甘草和丸，尤佳。一法：用浆水或新水浸南星三日，煮三五沸，去皮取白肉切，焙炒黄色为末，每八两，以甘草二两半拍破，用水二碗，慢火煎至半碗，去渣，旋旋洒入南星末，徐徐研之，令甘草水净，入余药。
龙胆汤（千金方） 治疗婴儿出腹，血脉实盛，寒热交作，四肢惊掣，并诸疳惊等证。
草龙胆 钓钩藤 柴胡 黄芩 桂枝 茯神 芍药 甘草（各三钱） 蜣螂（七枚，炒） 大黄（五钱）
以上切碎，用水一升，煮至五合，徐徐服之。
宣风散 治疗急惊风，搐搦不定。
槟榔（二枚） 陈皮 甘草（各五钱） 黑丑（四两。半生半炒，取头末，二两）
以上为细末，二、三岁儿蜜汤调下半钱，以上一钱，食前服用。
五福化毒丹 治疗急惊风、痰热搐搦等证。
桔梗（微炒） 玄参（洗焙，各六两） 青黛（研） 牙硝（枯，各二两） 人参（三两，去芦） 茯苓（去皮，五两） 炙甘草（一两半） 银箔（八片，为末） 金箔（八片，为衣） 麝香（五分，另研）
以上为细末，入研药拌匀，炼蜜丸，每两分作十二丸，一岁儿每一丸分四服，薄荷水化下。疮疹余毒，上攻口齿，涎血臭气，以生地黄自然汁化一丸，以鸡翎刷口内。
金箔丸 治疗急慢惊风，痰涎壅盛。
半夏（汤泡七次） 天南星（煨裂） 白附子（炮） 防风（去芦，各五钱） 雄黄 朱砂（各二钱半） 生犀末（一钱） 牛黄 龙脑 麝香（各五分） 金箔（二十片）
以上为细末，姜汁调面打糊为丸，如麻子大小，每服三五丸至一二十丸，人参汤下。慢惊风，去龙脑。
钩藤饮 治疗吐利，脾胃气弱，虚风慢惊。
钓钩藤（五分） 蝉蜕 防风（去芦） 人参 麻黄（去节） 白僵蚕（炒） 天麻 蝎尾（去毒，炒，各二分） 甘草（炙） 川芎（各一分半）
以上切碎，作为一服药，水一盏，煎至六分，温服。量人大小，加减分数与之。虚寒者，加附子末半分。
温白丸 治疗小儿脾气虚弱，泄泻瘦怯，冷疳洞泄，及吐泻久病，转成慢惊，身冷螈 等证。
天麻（五钱） 白僵蚕（炒） 白附子（生） 全蝎（去毒，炒） 天南星（汤泡七次，焙，各二钱五分）
以上为细末，汤浸寒食面为丸，如绿豆大小，每服五七丸至二三十丸，空心姜米汤下。
凉惊丸 治疗惊疳。
草龙胆 防风（去芦） 青黛（各三钱） 钩藤（二钱） 黄连（一两二钱） 龙脑（一钱） 牛黄 麝香（各一钱）
以上为细末，麦面糊丸，如黍米大小，每服三、五丸至一、二十丸，煎金银汤送下。
Treatise
The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: "All wind diseases causing tremors and dizziness belong to Liver Wood." Children under the age of eight are referred to as having "Pure Yang" constitution. This is because their True Yin (Kidney Water) has not yet flourished, while Heart Fire is already blazing. Consequently, Lung Metal is constrained and unable to level Liver Wood, leading to a state where Liver Wood qi is often in excess, while Spleen Earth qi is often deficient. If parents neglect proper care, such as failing to adjust clothing for temperature changes, allowing external pathogenic factors to invade, or if dietary habits of hunger and fullness are irregular, damaging the Middle Qi, then the conditions of Acute Convulsion (Ji Jing Feng) and Chronic Convulsion (Man Jing Feng) will arise. Acute Convulsion belongs to the syndrome of excess Wind Evil in Liver Wood; treatment should employ cooling, bitter, and cold herbs to drain Qi. Chronic Convulsion belongs to the syndrome of deficiency of Middle Qi in Spleen Earth; treatment should employ mild, sweet, and warm formulas to tonify the Middle. Regarding the symptoms of Acute Convulsion, they may be triggered by hearing unusual sounds or the cries of donkeys, horses, birds, or beasts, resulting in a bluish complexion, clenched jaw, hoarse voice, and syncope. After the attack, the complexion returns to normal, but it recurs after a long interval. The body is hot, the face is red with thirst and desire to drink, breath from the mouth and nose is hot, urine and stool are yellow and red, the mind is clear but sleeplessness occurs. Because heat generates phlegm, and excessive phlegm generates wind, which occasionally erupts due to fright, it is appropriate to use Qian Yi's Lijing Wan (Detoxifying Convulsion Pill), Xieqing Wan (Draining Blue Pill), Baolong Wan (Embracing Dragon Pill), Xuanfeng San (Dispersing Wind Powder), Wufu Huadu Dan (Five Blessings Detoxifying Elixir), and other medicines. The syndrome of Chronic Convulsion is mostly caused by irregular diet damaging the Spleen and Stomach, leading to prolonged vomiting and diarrhea, severe deficiency of Middle Qi, and subsequent convulsions. During an attack, there is no cessation; the body is cold, the face is sallow without thirst, breath from the mouth and nose is cold, urine and stool are greenish-white, the patient sleeps deeply with eyes half-open showing the whites, gaze fixed upward, limbs twitching, and tendons and vessels contracted. Because Spleen deficiency generates wind, and excessive wind causes tendon urgency, commonly known as "Heaven-Hanging Wind," this is the syndrome. Treatment should employ Li Dongyuan's Huangqi Tang (Astragalus Decoction), Qian Yi's Gouteng Wan (Uncaria Pill), Wenbai Wan (Warm White Pill), Zhu Danxi's Shenzhu Tang (Ginseng and Atractylodes Decoction) administered with Zhusha Anshen Wan (Cinnabar Calming Spirit Pill). Qian Yi stated that Acute Convulsion is a syndrome of "No Yin," where Heart Meridian Excess Heat prevents Yin from harmonizing with Yang, constituting a syndrome of Yang Excess and Yin Deficiency. He stated that Chronic Convulsion is a syndrome of "No Yang," where extreme Spleen Earth deficiency prevents Yang from overcoming Yin, constituting a syndrome of Yin Excess and Yang Deficiency.
I observe: The distinction between deficiency/excess and cold/heat in pediatric Acute and Chronic Convulsion is as vast as the sky and the abyss. Therefore, in Acute Convulsion, nine out of ten survive, while in Chronic Convulsion, nine out of ten die.世俗 physicians often do not understand this principle, treating both as one category, causing much harm. Practitioners of pediatrics should extend the heart of caring for one's own child to others, so that there may be no premature deaths of infants in the world, which would be most fortunate!
Pulse Diagnosis
(See the General Chapter above.)
Treatment Methods
Zhu Danxi said: Qian Yi's prescriptions are the ancestors of pediatrics; their principles are extremely subtle. If used with appropriate modifications, they will invariably be effective.
He also said: There are two types of Convulsion: Chronic Convulsion is governed by Spleen Deficiency and often leads to death; it should be treated with warming and tonifying methods. One view suggests nourishing the Spleen using Ginseng and Atractylodes decoction to administer Anshen Wan. Acute Convulsion is governed by Phlegm-Heat and should be treated with cooling and purging methods. One view suggests using blood-nourishing herbs as a decoction to administer fire-draining and phlegm-clearing pills like Baolong Wan. It is highly erroneous to use a single medicine to treat both syndromes.
(Above are two statements by Danxi on treatment methods.)
Li Dongyuan on Treating Fright: For fright caused by external objects, calm the Heart and Spirit using Huanglian Anshen Wan. For fright caused by Qi movement, use Hanshuishi Anshen Wan. Strictly avoid Fangfeng Wan; pungent-warm herbs for treating wind will certainly kill. Why? Pungent dispersing, floating, and warming agents belong to Fire. If green stool is discharged due to fright, first pacify the Liver using Cinnabar, etc., and do not use cold-cooling medicines. Strictly prohibit Liangjing Wan. When Wood of Wind is hyperactive and overacts on the Spleen-Stomach, one must first solidify the Earth, then drain the Wood. Yan Xiaozhong compiled Qian Yi's formulas, using Yihuang San to tonify Earth, which was a mistake. The formula contains Dingxiang (Clove), which is pungent-hot and aids Fire; when Fire is strong, Earth becomes more deficient. Qingjupi (Green Tangerine Peel) drains Lung Metal, and Dingxiang pungently-hot greatly drains Lung and Large Intestine. In Spleen Excess, one should drain its Child organ (Heart); now, with Spleen-Stomach Deficiency, draining the Child organ again aids Fire, doubly weakening Earth, undoubtedly killing the patient. In cases of Wood of Wind hyperactivity, the Right Guan pulse is surging and large, palms are hot, and abdominal skin is hot; how can one use herbs that aid Fire and drain Metal? If Cold Water overacts on Spleen Earth, presenting as vomiting, abdominal pain, and greenish-white dysentery, Yihuang San is a sacred medicine. I now formulate a prescription that first drains Fire and then tonifies Earth, which is a divine method of treatment.
Huangqi Tang (Li Dongyuan, a divine medicine for treating Chronic Convulsion.)
Huangqi (Astragali Radix) (2 qian) Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (1 qian) Zhi Gancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (5 fen) plus Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) (1 qian).
Finely cut, take as one dose. Add one sheng of water, decoct until half a sheng remains, remove dregs, and take warm after meals. The first three herbs are sweet-warm, capable of assisting Yuan Qi; sweetness can drain Fire. The *Neijing* states: "When heat invades internally, drain it with sweetness, gather it with sourness." Baishao is sour-cold; cold drains Fire, and sourness drains Liver and greatly tonifies Lung Metal. By tonifying Metal and Earth positions, Metal becomes strong and Fire weak, preventing Wood of Wind from overacting on Earth, thereby allowing the drainage of Wind evil.
He also said: Formulas such as Yihuang San, Lizhong Wan, and Yangshen Wan are supreme medicines for treating excessive Cold-Dampness in Spleen and Stomach. However, if applied to syndromes of latent Heat in Spleen-Stomach, insufficiency from labor, or gastric deficiency caused by taking hot medicines like Badou (Croton Seed), they will certainly endanger life. Chronic Convulsion arises from prolonged diarrhea causing Spleen-Stomach deficiency. Qian Yi's use of Qianghuo Gao (Notopterygium Ointment) for Chronic Convulsion was a mistake. Spleen Deficiency occurs when Fire Evil overacts on the Earth position; thus, it is called "Deficient Evil from Behind." Strong Fire makes Wood full, and full Wood overacts on Earth. One should tonify the source of Earth with sweet-warm herbs in the Heart Meridian, drain Fire in Spleen Earth with sweet-cold herbs, and tonify Metal in Spleen Earth with sour-cool herbs, making Metal strong and Fire weak in Spleen Earth, so Wood of Wind naturally becomes deficient. Over-medication for food stagnation worsens the condition; the above herbs are correct.
Yihuang San (Li Dongyuan) Treats Wind-Heat in Stomach. (Also treats Wood of Wind hyperactivity, surging-large Right Guan pulse, palm heat, abdominal skin heat, or Cold Water overacting on Spleen Earth causing vomiting, abdominal pain, greenish-white dysentery; also effective.)
Huangqi (Astragali Radix) (2 qian) Chenpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) (peeled) Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (each 1 qian) Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) (7 fen) Sheng Gancao (Raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) Zhi Gancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 5 fen) Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) (a little).
Grind into fine powder, divide into three doses. Each dose uses one sheng of water, decoct until half a sheng remains, take before meals.
Anshen Wan (Qian Yi) Treats Pathogenic Heat Fright-Crying, Heart Gangrene, sallow face with red cheeks, and high fever.
Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (decored) Mayaxiao (Natrii Sulfas) Baifuling (Poria) Gansanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma Dryum) Hanshuishi (Halloysit Rubrum) Gancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 5 qian) Zhusha (Cinnabaris) (1 liang) Longnao (Borneolum Syntheticum) (one zi).
Grind into fine powder, mix with refined honey to make pills the size of a Chinese chestnut. Take half a pill per dose, ground down in sugar water. For Chronic Convulsion, dissolve in concentrated decoction of Renshen and Baizhu.
Baizhu San (Qian Yi) Treats accumulation pain, harmonizes Stomach, generates fluids, and stops diarrhea. Highly effective for frequent diarrhea threatening to become Chronic Convulsion.
Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) Baifuling (Poria) (peeled) Zhi Gancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) Huoxiang (Agastaches Herba) (each 1 qian) Gange (Puerariae Radix) (2 qian).
Finely cut, divide into two doses. Each dose uses one sheng of water, decoct until half a sheng remains, take warm.
Danxi adds: Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Chao Baibiandou (Fried Dolichos Lablab Semen), and Mian Guo Huwei Roudoukou (Flour-wrapped, Fire-roasted Myristica Semen) (each 1 qian, decoct with one slice of fresh ginger). If Chronic Convulsion has already occurred, add Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) (each 1 qian), Quanxie (Scorpio) (3 pieces, remove toxic tip), and Baifuzi (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix Preparata) (8 fen, flour-wrapped roasted) to decoct together, at any time.
Another Prescription for Treating Fright
Chew finely one grain of Mudingxiang (Mother Clove), mix with a small amount of Renzhongbai (Calcinatus Dentis Humanis), blend with blood drawn from the mother's middle finger, and rub on the teeth. The patient will revive immediately.
For Acute/Chronic Convulsion, fever, mouth ulcers, hidden heat in palms, Phlegm-Heat, phlegmatic cough, and phlegmatic wheezing, use the Vomiting Method. For severe cases, use Guiti San (Melon Pedicle Powder); for mild cases, use Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix) and Chixiaodou (Vigna Semen Rubrum) powder, mixed with sour juice and taken to induce vomiting. After vomiting subsides slightly, take Fangfeng Tongsheng San powder made into honey pills. Occasionally take Sangyanggan (Dried Mulberry Feeder Silkworm) powder mixed with rice drink to calm Wind Qi.
Another Prescription for Treating Acute/Chronic Convulsion
Bohemuye (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) Hanshuishi (Halloysit Rubrum) (each 5 qian) Qingdai (Indicum) Baibiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus) Zhusha (Cinnabaris) (each 1 qian) Quanxie (Scorpio) (2 pieces, stir-fried) Zhuyazaojiao (Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus) Huaiguo (Saposhnikoviae Radix/Huaijiao - Note: Text says Huaijiao usually Saposhnikovia or Sophora fruit, here likely Sophora Fruit based on context of clearing wind/heat, but literally槐角 is Sophora japonica fruit) (each 5 fen).
Grind into fine powder, mix with Dengcao Tang (Juncus Decoction) and milk, administer frequently.
Another Prescription for Treating Chronic Convulsion, taken by both mother and child.
Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) (each 1 qian) Fuling (Poria) Chenpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) (each 5 fen) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) (each 2 fen) Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) (each 7 fen) Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) (3 fen) Quanxie (Scorpio) (remove toxicity, stir-fried, 1 piece).
Finely cut, take as one dose. Add 3 slices of ginger, one sheng of water, decoct until 0.7 sheng remains, take.
Zhenjing Wan Pacifies Fright and Calms Spirit, reduces Heart Heat night crying, resolves Phlegm and stops cough.
Zhenzhu (Pearl) Hupo (Electrum) Tianzhuhuang (Textilinae Spira) Xionghuang (Realgar) (each 3 qian) Jinbo (Lamina Aurum) (ground, 10 pieces) Danning (Arisaematis Cum Bile) (5 qian) Niuhuang (Bovis Calculus) (2 qian) Shexiang (Moschus) (5 fen) Zhusha (Cinnabaris) (3.5 qian).
Grind into fine powder, bind with wheat flour paste into pills the size of a paulownia seed. Take 5-6 pills per dose, dissolved in Mint, Ginger, and Honey decoction.
Duoming Dan Saves Life Treats Acute Convulsion with unconsciousness, fixed staring eyes, locked jaw, white or black lips.
Nanxing (Arisaematis Rhizoma) Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (each 4 qian, make powder, mix with fresh ginger juice to form cakes, dry) Zhenzhu (Pearl) (new white ones, 2 qian, ground) Badou (Crotonis Fructus) (oil removed completely, 1 qian) Zhusha (Cinnabaris) (4 qian) Jinbo (Lamina Aurum) Yinbo (Lamina Argentum) (each 10 pieces) Qingfen (Calomelas) Shexiang (Moschus) (each 5 fen).
Grind into fine powder, bind with flour paste into pills the size of millet. One pill per year of age, dissolved in Junci Medulla Decoction.
Lijing Wan Extremely Effective for Acute Convulsion.
Tianzhuhuang (Textilinae Spira) (2 qian) Qingfen (Calomelas) Qingdai (Indicum) (each 1 qian) Heiqiu (Strychni Semen) (head powder, 0.5 liang, raw).
Grind into fine powder, mix with refined honey into pills the size of paulownia seeds. One pill for one-year-old, two for three-year-old, three for five-year-old, taken with warm Mint water after meals.
Xieqing Wan (Also named Xiegan Wan) Treats Liver Heat Acute Convulsion with spasms.
Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) Zhizi Ren (Gardeniae Semen) Caolongdan (Gentianae Radix) Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) (decored) Chuan Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (wrapped in wet paper and roasted, equal parts; one version lacks Dahuang).
Grind into fine powder, mix with refined honey into pills the size of a Chinese chestnut. Take half to one pill per dose, dissolved in light Bamboo Leaf Decoction with sugar water.
Baolong Wan Treats Wind-Cold Plague, fever, somnolence, coarse breathing, Wind-Heat Phlegm-Excess obstructive cough, also treats Convulsion tidal spasms, Gu Poison, and Summerheat. Can be taken after bathing. For robust children, regular administration prevents Phlegm-Heat Fright-Palpitation syndromes.
Xionghuang (Realgar) (2.5 qian, water-floating) Chensha (Cinnabaris) (separately ground, 5 qian) Tianzhuhuang (Textilinae Spira) (1 liang) Tiannanxing (Arisaematis Rhizoma) (roasted to powder, placed in ox gall in December, dried in shade for 100 days, taken and ground, weighed 4 liang; if unavailable, use raw dried, peel navel, stir-fry hot, though inferior to Gall Star) Shexiang (Moschus) (5 qian, separately ground; fearing too much, now use 2.5 qian).
Grind into powder, mix with boiled Licorice paste into pills the size of soap pods, dissolve in warm water. For 100-day infants, divide one pill into three doses; for one-year-olds, half a pill; for five-year-olds, two pills; for older children, 3-5 pills. For girls with leukorrhea and latent summerheat, chew 1-2 pills with a little salt, swallow with fresh well water. In December, boil Licorice with snow water to make pills, especially good. Another method: Soak Nanxing in vat water or new water for 3 days, boil 3-5 times, peel, take white flesh, cut, roast yellow to powder. For every 8 liang of powder, use 2.5 liang of cracked Licorice, 2 bowls of water, slow fire decoct to half a bowl, remove dregs, slowly sprinkle in Nanxing powder, grind slowly until Licorice water is clean, then add remaining herbs.
Longdan Tang (from Qianjin Fang) Treats infants just born, with full and flourishing blood vessels, alternating cold and heat, limb convulsions, and various Gangrene-Fright syndromes.
Caolongdan (Gentianae Radix) Diaogouteng (Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis) Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) Fushen (Poria cum Radix) Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 3 qian) Changlang (Staphylinidae) (7 pieces, stir-fried) Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (5 qian).
Finely cut, use one sheng of water, decoct until 0.5 sheng remains, take slowly.
Xuanfeng San Treats Acute Convulsion with uncertain spasms.
Binglang (Arecae Semen) (2 pieces) Chenpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 5 qian) Heiqiu (Strychni Semen) (4 liang. Half raw half roasted, take head powder, 2 liang).
Grind into fine powder. For 2-3 year olds, mix with honey water and take half qian; for older children, 1 qian, take before meals.
Wufu Huadu Dan Treats Acute Convulsion, Phlegm-Heat spasms, etc.
Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) (lightly roasted) Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix) (washed and dried, each 6 liang) Qingdai (Indicum) (ground) Yanao (Natrii Sulfas) (calcined, each 2 liang) Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (3 liang, decored) Fuling (Poria) (peeled, 5 liang) Zhi Gancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (1.5 liang) Yinbo (Lamina Argentum) (8 pieces, ground) Jinbo (Lamina Aurum) (8 pieces, for coating) Shexiang (Moschus) (5 fen, separately ground).
Grind into fine powder, mix with ground herbs evenly, refine honey into pills. Divide each liang into 12 pills. For one-year-olds, divide one pill into four doses, dissolve in Mint water. For residual toxins from pox attacking mouth and teeth, bloody saliva and foul odor, dissolve one pill in fresh Rehmannia Root Juice, brush inside mouth with chicken feather.
Jinbo Wan Treats Acute/Chronic Convulsion with abundant Phlegm-Saliva.
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (soaked in boiling water 7 times) Tiannanxing (Arisaematis Rhizoma) (roasted until cracked) Baifuzi (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix Preparata) (processed) Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) (decored, each 5 qian) Xionghuang (Realgar) Zhusha (Cinnabaris) (each 2.5 qian) Sheng Xi Mo (Rhinocerotis Cornu Powder) (1 qian) Niuhuang (Bovis Calculus) Longnao (Borneolum Syntheticum) Shexiang (Moschus) (each 5 fen) Jinbo (Lamina Aurum) (20 pieces).
Grind into fine powder, mix with ginger juice and flour paste into pills the size of sesame seeds. Take 3-5 to 10-20 pills per dose, with Ginseng decoction. For Chronic Convulsion, remove Longnao.
Gouteng Yin Treats Vomiting and Diarrhea, weak Spleen-Stomach Qi, Deficient Wind Chronic Convulsion.
Diaogouteng (Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis) (5 fen) Chantui (Cicadae Periostracum) Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) (decored) Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) (decored) Baibiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus) (stir-fried) Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) Xiewei (Scorpio Tail) (remove toxicity, stir-fried, each 2 fen) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (roasted) Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) (each 1.5 fen).
Finely cut, take as one dose. Add one sheng of water, decoct until 0.6 sheng remains, take warm. Adjust dosage according to age and size. For Deficient-Cold, add 0.5 fen of Fuzi powder.
Wenbai Wan Treats Pediatric Spleen Qi Weakness, diarrhea, emaciation, Cold Gangrene profuse diarrhea, and prolonged vomiting/diarrhea turning into Chronic Convulsion with cold body and spasms.
Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) (5 qian) Baibiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus) (stir-fried) Baifuzi (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix Preparata) (raw) Quanxie (Scorpio) (remove toxicity, stir-fried) Tiannanxing (Arisaematis Rhizoma) (soaked in boiling water 7 times, dried, each 2.5 qian).
Grind into fine powder, soak Han Shi Mian (Cold Food Flour) in water to bind into pills the size of mung beans. Take 5-7 to 20-30 pills per dose, with empty-stomach Ginger-Rice Decoction.
Liangjing Wan Treats Fright Gangrene.
Caolongdan (Gentianae Radix) Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) (decored) Qingdai (Indicum) (each 3 qian) Gouteng (Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis) (2 qian) Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) (1.2 liang) Longnao (Borneolum Syntheticum) (1 qian) Niuhuang (Bovis Calculus) Shexiang (Moschus) (each 1 qian).
Grind into fine powder, bind with wheat flour paste into pills the size of millet. Take 3-5 to 10-20 pills per dose, taken with Gold-Silver Decoction.