干呕发热，兼自汗恶风鼻鸣者，桂枝汤。兼表不解，有水气而咳者，小青龙汤。（方见发热。）
干呕胁痛，若表解身凉，短气汗出，不恶寒者，十枣汤。若兼往来寒热，脉沉紧者，小柴胡汤。（论见往
来寒热。）
干呕下利，若兼表不解，发热而咳者，小青龙汤去麻黄加芫花汤。（论见咳。）若表身凉，胁痛，短
气汗出者，十枣汤。（论见胁痛。）若因下后，
心下痞硬满，腹中雷鸣，日利数行者，甘草泻心汤。（论见痞。）
若脉微厥逆者，宜白通汤。若用白通汤温后利不止，厥逆无脉者，白通加猪胆汁汤。（论见下利。）
干呕厥逆，若脉微下利者，通脉四逆汤、白通加猪胆汁汤。（论见下利。）若脉弦迟不利者，四逆
汤。（论见吐。）
〔仲〕渴而饮水呕者，柴胡不中与也。宜治膈间有水，赤茯苓汤主之。
赤茯苓汤 治伤寒呕哕，心下满，胸膈间有停水，头眩心悸。
赤茯苓（一两） 半夏（姜制，半两） 橘红 芎 （各半两） 人参（一两） 白术（半两）
上 咀，每服四钱，姜五片，水煎服。
伤寒瘥后呕者，有余热在胃脘也，竹叶石膏汤加生姜主之。
〔海〕葛根汤 治伤寒干呕不止。
葛根 人参（各一两） 茯苓（半两） 半夏（姜制，七钱半） 白术（半两） 黄 （七钱半） 麦门冬（去心
甘草（炙。各一两）
上 咀，每服三钱，生姜三片，枣二枚，同煎服。
干呕伴有发热，同时有自汗、怕风、鼻鸣症状的，用桂枝汤。如果兼有表证未解，体内有水气且咳嗽的，用小青龙汤。（方剂见“发热”条。）
干呕伴有胁痛，如果表证已解、身体凉爽、气短出汗、不怕冷的，用十枣汤。如果兼有往来寒热、脉象沉紧的，用小柴胡汤。（论述见“往来寒热”条。）
干呕伴有腹泻，如果兼有表证未解、发热且咳嗽的，用小青龙汤去麻黄加芫花汤。（论述见“咳嗽”条。）如果身体凉爽、胁痛、气短出汗的，用十枣汤。（论述见“胁痛”条。）如果是因误下之后，心下部痞塞硬满、肠中雷鸣、每天腹泻几次的，用甘草泻心汤。（论述见“痞证”条。）
如果脉象微弱、四肢厥逆的，宜用白通汤。如果使用白通汤温阳后腹泻仍不止、四肢厥逆且无脉的，用白通加猪胆汁汤。（论述见“腹泻”条。）
干呕伴有四肢厥逆，如果脉象微弱且有腹泻的，用通脉四逆汤或白通加猪胆汁汤。（论述见“腹泻”条。）如果脉象弦迟且不利的，用四逆汤。（论述见“呕吐”条。）
〔张仲景〕口渴想喝水却引发呕吐的，不宜使用小柴胡汤。应当治疗膈间有水饮，以赤茯苓汤为主治方。
赤茯苓汤：治疗伤寒引起的呕吐呃逆，心下部胀满，胸膈间有停聚的水饮，头晕目眩、心悸。
赤茯苓（一两） 半夏（姜制，半两） 橘红 川芎 （各半两） 人参（一两） 白术（半两）
以上药材切碎，每次服用四钱，加生姜五片，水煎服。
伤寒病愈后出现呕吐的，是因为胃脘有余热，用竹叶石膏汤加生姜主治。
〔李东垣/海藏〕葛根汤：治疗伤寒导致的干呕不止。
葛根 人参（各一两） 茯苓（半两） 半夏（姜制，七钱半） 白术（半两） 黄芪（七钱半） 麦门冬（去心） 甘草（炙，各一两）
以上药材切碎，每次服用三钱，加生姜三片、大枣二枚，同煎服。
Dry heaving accompanied by fever, along with spontaneous sweating, aversion to wind, and nasal congestion (nasal whistling), is treated with Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). If there is also an unresolved exterior syndrome, fluid retention in the body, and coughing, Xiaolongdan Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) is used. (Formula see "Fever".)
Dry heaving accompanied by hypochondriac pain, if the exterior syndrome has resolved, the body is cool, there is shortness of breath and sweating, and no aversion to cold, is treated with Shizao Tang (Ten Jujube Decoction). If accompanied by alternating chills and fever, and a deep, tight pulse, Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is used. (Discussion see "Alternating Chills and Fever".)
Dry heaving accompanied by diarrhea, if there is also an unresolved exterior syndrome, fever, and coughing, is treated with Xiaolongdan Tang minus Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) plus Kansui Radix (Yuanhua, 芫花). (Discussion see "Cough"). If the body is cool, with hypochondriac pain, shortness of breath, and sweating, Shizao Tang (Ten Jujube Decoction) is used. (Discussion see "Hypochondriac Pain".) If caused by inappropriate purgation, resulting in epigastric fullness and hardness, borborygmus in the abdomen, and several episodes of diarrhea daily, Gancao Xiexin Tang (Licorice Heart-Draining Decoction) is used. (Discussion see "Fullness/Pi Syndrome".)
If the pulse is faint and there is cold extremities (Jue-ni, 厥逆), Baotong Tang (White Connective Decoction) is appropriate. If after using Baotong Tang for warming, diarrhea continues, and there are cold extremities without a palpable pulse, Baotong Tang plus Pig Bile and Human Urine (Baotong Jia Zhudan Chi Tang, 白通加猪胆汁汤) is used. (Discussion see "Diarrhea".)
Dry heaving with cold extremities, if the pulse is faint and there is diarrhea, Tongmai Sini Tang (Pulse-Connecting Four Reversal Decoction) or Baotong Tang plus Pig Bile and Human Urine (Baotong Jia Zhudan Chi Tang, 白通加猪胆汁汤) is used. (Discussion see "Diarrhea".) If the pulse is wiry, slow, and unresponsive, Sini Tang (Four Reversal Decoction) is used. (Discussion see "Vomiting".)
[Zhang Zhongjing] Thirst with drinking water leading to vomiting: Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) should not be given. One should treat water retention between the diaphragm; Chifuling Tang (Red Poria Decoction) is the primary formula.
Chifuling Tang: Treats vomiting and hiccups due to Cold Damage (Shanghan, 伤寒), epigastric fullness, retained fluids between the chest and diaphragm, dizziness, and palpitations.
Chifuling (Red Poria, Chifuling, 赤茯苓) (1 liang) Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 半夏, processed with ginger) (0.5 liang) Juhong (Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae Rubrum, 橘红) Xiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizoma, 川芎) (each 0.5 liang) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 人参) (1 liang) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 白术) (0.5 liang)
Crush the herbs. Take 4 qian per dose, with 5 slices of fresh ginger, decocted in water and taken orally.
Vomiting after recovery from Cold Damage (Shanghan, 伤寒): This is due to residual heat in the stomach region; Zhuyeshigu Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction) with added fresh ginger is used.
[Li Dongyuan/Haizang] Gegen Tang (Kudzu Root Decoction): Treats persistent dry heaving due to Cold Damage (Shanghan, 伤寒).
Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix, 葛根) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 人参) (each 1 liang) Fuling (Poria, 茯苓) (0.5 liang) Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 半夏, processed with ginger) (0.75 liang) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 白术) (0.5 liang) Huangqi (Astragali Radix, 黄芪) (0.75 liang) Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, 麦门冬, heart removed) Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, 甘草, honey-fried) (each 1 liang)
Crush the herbs. Take 3 qian per dose, with 3 slices of fresh ginger and 2 jujubes, decocted together and taken orally.