〔仲〕胸痹，胸中气塞，短气，茯苓杏仁甘草汤主之，橘枳姜汤主之。
茯苓杏仁甘草汤
茯苓（二两） 杏仁（五十个） 甘草（一两）
上三味，以水一斗，煮取五升，温服一升，日三服。
橘枳姜汤
陈皮（一斤） 枳实（三两） 生姜（半斤）
上三味，以水五升，煮取二升，分温再服。
〔《千》〕治胸痹气满壅，心膈不利，枳实二两，麸炒微黄为末，非时以清粥饮调下二钱。
（《圣惠方》同。）
〔仲〕胸痹缓急者，薏苡仁附子散主之。
薏苡仁（十五两） 大附子（十个，炮）
上二味，杵为散，服方寸匕，日三服。
〔垣〕烦躁发热论《黄帝针经》五乱篇云∶气乱于心，则烦心密默，俯首静伏云云。气在于
心者，取少阴心主之俞。又云∶咳喘烦冤者，是肾气之逆也。又云∶烦冤者，取足少阴。又云∶
烦冤者，取足太阴。仲景分之为二∶烦也，躁也。盖火入于肺则烦，入于肾则躁。俱在于肾者，
以道路通于肺母也。大抵烦躁者，皆心火为病。心者，君火也，火旺则金烁水亏，惟火独存，
故肺肾合而为烦躁。又脾经络于心中，心经起于脾中，二经相搏，湿热生烦。夫烦者，扰扰心乱，
兀兀欲吐，怔忡不安；躁者，无时而热，冷汗自出，少时则止。经云∶
阴躁者是也。仲景以栀子色赤而味苦，入心而治烦；盐豉色黑而味咸，入肾而治躁；名栀子豉汤，
乃神药也。若有宿食而烦者，栀子大黄汤主之。
运气 烦躁有二∶
一曰，热助心火烦躁。经云∶少阴之复，燠热内作，烦躁鼽嚏。又云∶少阳之复，心热烦躁，
便数憎风是也。
二曰，寒攻心虚烦躁。经云∶岁水太过，寒气流行，邪害心火，病身热烦心，躁悸阴厥是也。
〔成〕烦为扰而烦，躁为愤躁之躁。合而言之，烦躁为热也。析而言之，烦阳也，躁阴也，烦
为热之轻者，躁为热之甚者。
〔无〕内热曰烦，外热曰躁。
谨按∶先贤治烦躁俱作，有属热者，有属寒者。治独烦不躁者多属热，惟悸而烦者为虚寒。
治独躁不烦者多属寒，惟火邪者为热，盖烦者心中烦，胸中烦，为内热也。躁者身体手足躁扰，
或裸体不欲近衣，或欲在井中，为外热也。内热者，有本之热，故多属热。外热者，多是无根之火，
故属寒也。
内外俱虚，身体冷而汗出，微呕而烦扰，手足厥逆，体不得安静者死。热病七八日，其脉微细，
小便不利，加暴口躁，脉代，舌焦干黑者死。
【张仲景】胸痹病，表现为胸部气机阻滞感、呼吸短促，以茯苓杏仁甘草汤主治，也可用橘枳姜汤主治。
茯苓杏仁甘草汤
茯苓（二两） 杏仁（五十个） 甘草（一两）
以上三味药，用水一斗，煎煮至五升，每次温服一升，每日服用三次。
橘枳姜汤
陈皮（一斤） 枳实（三两） 生姜（半斤）
以上三味药，用水五升，煎煮至二升，分两次温服。
【《千金方》】治疗胸痹导致的气满壅塞，心膈部位气机不畅，用枳实二两，麸炒至微黄后研为细末，不拘时候，用清粥水调服二钱。（《太平圣惠方》记载相同。）
【张仲景】胸痹病出现时缓时急症状的，以薏苡仁附子散主治。
薏苡仁（十五两） 大附子（十个，炮制过）
以上两味药，捣碎成散剂，每次服用一方寸匕，每日服用三次。
【李东垣】关于烦躁发热的论述：《黄帝针经》五乱篇中说：气机逆乱于心，就会出现心烦、沉默寡言、低头静伏等症状。气机在心部的，取手少阴心经和手厥阴心包经的背俞穴。又说：咳嗽气喘、心中烦闷冤屈的，是肾气上逆所致。又说：心中烦闷冤屈的，取足少阴肾经穴位。又说：心中烦闷冤屈的，取足太阴脾经穴位。张仲景将其分为两类：烦和躁。大概火邪入肺则产生烦，入肾则产生躁。如果两者都在于肾，是因为肾与肺有母子相生的通路。大抵来说，烦躁都是心火为病。心属于君火，火旺则灼伤肺金、耗损肾水，导致只有火独存，所以肺肾合病而表现为烦躁。另外，脾经络通于心，心经起于脾中，这两条经脉相互搏结，湿热内生导致烦。所谓“烦”，是心神扰乱、头昏沉重想吐、心悸不安；所谓“躁”，是无时无刻不觉得热、冷汗自出，片刻后停止。经文说：这就是阴躁。张仲景认为栀子色赤味苦，入心经而治烦；盐豉色黑味咸，入肾经而治躁；名为栀子豉汤，真是神效之药。如果有宿食积滞导致的烦，用栀子大黄汤主治。
运气学说中，烦躁有两种情况：
一是热邪助长心火导致烦躁。经文说：少阴之气复返，体内燠热内生，出现烦躁、鼻塞喷嚏。又说：少阳之气复返，出现心热烦躁、小便频数、憎恶风寒，就是这种情况。
二是寒邪攻伐心虚导致烦躁。经文说：岁运水气太过，寒气流行，邪气伤害心火，病症表现为身热、心烦、躁动悸动、四肢厥冷，就是这种情况。
【成无己】“烦”是扰动的意思，“躁”是愤懑急躁的意思。合起来说，烦躁属于热证。分开来说，烦属阳，躁属阴，烦是热证中较轻的，躁是热证中较重的。
【朱丹溪】体内的热称为烦，体表的热称为躁。
谨按：先贤治疗烦躁同时出现的，有的属于热证，有的属于寒证。治疗只有烦没有躁的，多属于热证，唯独伴随心悸的烦属于虚寒。治疗只有躁没有烦的，多属于寒证，唯独由火邪引起的属于热证。大概“烦”是指心中烦、胸中烦，属于内热。“躁”是指身体手足躁动不安，或者裸露身体不想穿衣，或者想跳进井里，属于外热。内热是有根源的热，所以多属于热证。外热多是无根之火，所以属于寒证。
内外俱虚，身体寒冷且出汗，轻微呕吐且烦扰不安，手足冰冷，身体无法安宁的，预后不良（死证）。热病七八天，脉象微细，小便不通利，加上突然口燥、脉象代（间歇）、舌苔焦干黑色的，预后不良（死证）。
[Zhang Zhongjing] In cases of Chest Bi (Chest Obstruction) characterized by a sensation of Qi obstruction in the chest and shortness of breath, it is primarily treated with Fuling Xingren Gancao Tang (Poria, Apricot Seed, and Licorice Decoction), or alternatively with Juzhi Jiang Tang (Tangerine Peel, Immature Bitter Orange, and Ginger Decoction).
Fuling Xingren Gancao Tang (Poria, Apricot Seed, and Licorice Decoction)
Poria (Lingzhi, 2 liang) [Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma et Polyporus, here specifically Polyporus umbellatus]
Apricot Seed (Xingren, 50 units) [Prunus armeniaca seed]
Licorice (Gancao, 1 liang) [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma]
Take the above three ingredients, add ten dou of water, decoct to obtain five sheng. Take one sheng warm, three times daily.
Juzhi Jiang Tang (Tangerine Peel, Immature Bitter Orange, and Ginger Decoction)
Chenpi (aged Tangerine Peel, 1 jin) [Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium]
Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange, 3 liang) [Aurantii Fructus Immaturus]
Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger, 0.5 jin) [Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens]
Take the above three ingredients, add five sheng of water, decoct to obtain two sheng. Divide into two doses, take warm.
[Qianjin Fang] Treats Chest Bi with Qi fullness and stagnation, and unfavorable Qi mechanism in the heart and diaphragm. Use Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange) 2 liang, bran-fried until slightly yellow, ground into powder. Take 2 qian at any time, mixed with clear rice soup. (Same as recorded in Taiping Shenghui Fang.)
[Zhang Zhongjing] For Chest Bi presenting with alternating severity (relaxation and urgency), it is primarily treated with Yiyi Ren Fuzi San (Coix Seed and Aconite Powder).
Yiyi Ren (Coix Seed, 15 liang) [Coicis Semen]
Dafuzi (Large Aconite Root, 10 pieces, processed/pao) [Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata]
Grind the above two ingredients into a powder. Take one fangcun bi (a measure equivalent to a square inch spoonful) per dose, three times daily.
[Li Dongyuan] Discussion on Irritability and Restlessness with Fever: The "Wu Luan" (Five Disordered Qi) chapter of Huangdi Zhenjing (The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Acupuncture) states: When Qi becomes disordered in the Heart, there is irritability (Fan), silence, bowing the head, and quiet prostration. When Qi is located in the Heart, select the Back-Shu points of the Hand Shaoyin Heart Meridian and Hand Jueyin Pericardium Meridian. It also states: Cough, wheezing, and mental distress (Fan Yuan) are due to rebellious Kidney Qi. Furthermore, for mental distress, select points from the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. Also, for mental distress, select points from the Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian. Zhang Zhongjing divided this into two categories: Fan (Irritability/Mental Distress) and Zao (Restlessness/Physical Agitation). Generally, Fire entering the Lung causes Fan, while Fire entering the Kidney causes Zao. If both reside in the Kidney, it is because the pathway connects to the Mother organ of the Lung (Metal generates Water, so Kidney/Water is the child of Lung/Metal; conversely, Lung is the mother of Kidney). Broadly speaking, Fan and Zao are diseases caused by Heart Fire. The Heart belongs to Ministerial Fire (Jun Huo); when Fire is excessive, it scorches Metal (Lung) and depletes Water (Kidney), leaving only Fire existing alone. Thus, Lung and Kidney combined pathology manifests as Fan and Zao. Additionally, the Spleen meridian connects to the Heart, and the Heart meridian originates in the Spleen; when these two meridians clash, damp-heat generates Fan. "Fan" refers to mental disturbance, dizziness, nausea, palpitations, and unease. "Zao" refers to constant heat sensation, spontaneous cold sweat, which stops after a short while. The Classics state: This is Yin Zao (Yin Restlessness). Zhang Zhongjing noted that Gardenia (Zhizi), being red and bitter, enters the Heart meridian to treat Fan; Salted Fermented Soybeans (Yanchi), being black and salty, enter the Kidney meridian to treat Zao. Named Zhizi Chi Tang (Gardenia and Fermented Soybean Decoction), it is a divine medicine. If Fan is caused by retained food, Zhizi Dahuang Tang (Gardenia and Rhubarb Decoction) is indicated.
In the context of Six Qi (Yunqi) theory, there are two types of Fan and Zao:
First, Heat assisting Heart Fire causing Fan and Zao. The Classics state: When Shaoyin undergoes reversal, internal warmth arises, leading to Fan, Zao, nasal congestion, and sneezing. Also: When Shaoyang undergoes reversal, Heart heat and Fan/Zao occur, along with frequent urination and aversion to wind.
Second, Cold attacking Heart Deficiency causing Fan and Zao. The Classics state: When the annual Water Qi is excessive, Cold Qi prevails, pathogenic factors harm Heart Fire, resulting in body heat, mental distress, restlessness, palpitations, and Yin Jue (Cold extremities).
[Cheng Wuji] "Fan" implies disturbance/agitation, and "Zao" implies angry/restless agitation. Combined, Fan and Zao belong to Heat syndromes. Separated, Fan is Yang and Zao is Yin; Fan is a milder form of Heat, while Zao is a more severe form of Heat.
[Zhu Danxi] Internal Heat is called Fan; External Heat is called Zao.
Commentary: Ancient sages treated simultaneous Fan and Zao, categorizing them into Heat and Cold syndromes. Cases with only Fan and no Zao mostly belong to Heat syndromes, except when accompanied by palpitations, which indicates Deficient-Cold. Cases with only Zao and no Fan mostly belong to Cold syndromes, except when caused by Pathogenic Fire, which indicates Heat. Generally, "Fan" refers to mental distress in the heart/chest, indicating Internal Heat. "Zao" refers to physical agitation of the body and limbs, nakedness without desire for clothing, or desire to lie in a well, indicating External Heat. Internal Heat has a root cause, so it mostly belongs to Heat syndromes. External Heat is often "Fire without roots," so it belongs to Cold syndromes.
If both Interior and Exterior are deficient, with a cold body and sweating, slight vomiting with irritability, cold extremities, and inability to remain still, the prognosis is fatal. In Heat diseases lasting seven to eight days, if the pulse is faint and fine, urination is difficult, accompanied by sudden oral dryness/thirst, intermittent pulse (Dai Mai), and a scorched, dry, black tongue coating, the prognosis is fatal.