治阴分亏损已久，浸至肺虚有痰，咳嗽劳喘，或兼肺有结核者。
人参（三钱） 干麦冬（四钱，带心） 生山药（六钱） 清半夏（二钱） 牛蒡子（三钱，炒，捣） 苏子（二钱，炒，捣）
生杭芍（三钱） 甘草（钱半）
人参为补肺之主药，而有肺热还伤肺之虞，有麦冬以佐之，则转能退热。麦冬为
润肺之要品，而有咳嗽忌用之说，有半夏以佐之，则转能止嗽。至于山药，其收涩也能助人
参以补气，其粘润也，能助麦冬以滋液。虽多服久服，或有壅滞，而牛蒡子之滑利，实又可以
相济。且牛蒡子能降肺气之逆，半夏能降胃气、冲气之逆，苏子与人参同用，又能降逆气
之因虚而逆。平其逆气，则喘与嗽不治自愈矣。用白芍者，因肝
为肺之对宫，肺金虚损，不能清肃下行以镇肝木，则肝火恒恣横而上逆，故加芍药以敛戢其
火。且芍药与甘草同用，甘苦化合味近人参，即功近人参，而又为补肺之品也。
按∶古方多以麦冬治肺虚咳嗽，独徐灵胎谓嗽者断不宜用。盖以其汁浆胶粘太甚，肺中稍有
客邪，即可留滞不散，惟济以半夏之辛燥开通，则不惟治嗽甚效。即治喘亦甚效。故仲景治
伤寒解后，虚羸少气，气逆欲吐，有竹叶石膏汤，麦冬与半夏同用。治火逆上气，有麦门冬汤，以麦冬为君
，亦佐以半夏也。又肺虚劳嗽者，医者多忌用半夏，是未知半夏之性者也。徐灵胎曰∶“肺
属金喜敛而不喜散。”盖敛则肺叶垂而气顺，散则肺叶张而气逆。半夏之辛，与姜、桂之辛
迥别，入喉则闭不能言，涂金疮则血不复出，辛中滞涩，故能疏又能敛也。又辛之敛与酸之
敛不同，酸则一主于敛，辛则敛中有发散之意，尤与肺投合也。又喻嘉言赞麦门冬汤中用半夏曰∶“于大建中气，大生津
液药中，增入半夏之辛温一味，以利咽下气，此非半夏之功，实善用半夏之功也。”
愚对于此证，悉心研究，知其治法，当细分为数种。肾传肺者，以大滋真阴之药为主，以清肺理痰之药为佐，
若拙拟之醴泉饮是也；肺传肾者，以清肺理痰之药为主，以滋补
真阴之药为佐，若此参麦汤是也；其因肺肾俱病，而累及脾胃者，宜肺肾双补，而兼顾其
脾胃，若拙拟之滋培汤、珠玉二宝粥是也。如此分途施治，斟酌咸宜，而又兼服阿斯匹林，凡其脉之稍有根柢可挽回者，
需以时日皆愈也。至于但肺有结核，而未累及他脏者，可于斯编治肺病方中，酌其治法（论肺病治法，实合虚劳肺病详
细论之
也，凡治虚劳及肺病者皆宜参观）
阿斯匹林，其性凉而能散，善退外感之热，初得外感风热，服之出凉汗即愈。兼能退内
伤之热，肺结核者，借之以消除其热，诚有奇效。又善治急性关节肿疼，发表痘毒、麻疹及
肠胃炎、肋膜炎诸证，西药中之最适用者也。
特其发汗之力甚猛。若结晶坚而大者，以治外感，半瓦即可出汗；若当天气寒凉，或近寒带
之地，须服至一瓦，或至瓦半。若其略似白粉，微有结晶者，药力薄弱，服至一瓦方能出汗
，多可服至瓦半或二瓦。是在临证者，相其药力之优劣，而因时、因地、因人制宜也。
至用阿斯匹林治内伤，其分量尤须少用。因内伤发热之人，阴虚阳浮，最易发汗。西人用治
肺结核之热，日服三瓦，其在欧洲地寒，且其人自幼多肉食，脏腑营卫壮固，或者犹可，在
吾中华则定然不可。是以丁仲祜用阿斯匹林治肺结核，一日三次共服一瓦半，则视西人所用之
愚用阿斯匹林治肺结核，视西人所用之数，则减之又减。曾治一少年，染肺结核，咳嗽食少
，身体羸弱，半载不愈，求为延医。遂投以理肺清痰、健胃滋阴之药，又于晚间临睡时，用
白蔗糖冲水，送服阿斯匹林三分之一瓦。须臾周身即得大汗，过三点钟其汗始止，翌日觉周
身酸懒，盖因汗太过也。而咳嗽则较前见轻，食欲亦少振，继服滋补之药数剂，每日只用阿
斯匹林六分之一瓦，作一次服下，或出微汗，或不出汗，从此精神渐渐清爽，调治月余而愈
。自此以后，用阿斯匹林治肺结核，必先少少试服，初次断不敢稍多也。
至西人谓防其出汗，可与止汗之药同服，亦系善法。然仍恐服后止汗之药不效，而阿斯匹林
之发汗，仍然甚效也。愚治肺结核证，若一日用至一瓦，或一瓦强，恒作十次，或十余次服
下。勿须用止汗之药，亦可不出汗。即有时微见汗，亦系佳兆。
凡劳瘵阴虚之证，其脉之急数者，无论肺结核与不结核，于每服滋补剂外，皆宜服阿斯匹
林，或半瓦，或至一瓦。恐其出汗多，分几次服下，其初日服之俾微见汗，后日日常服，以
或出汗或不出汗为适宜。如此旬日之间，脉之数者可渐和缓。
附录∶
广西柳州宾××来函∶
治一妇人，年四十三岁，素因家务劳心，又兼伤心，遂患吐血。后吐血虽愈，而喘嗽殊甚，夜不能卧。诸医率用枇
杷叶、
款冬花、杏仁、紫菀、贝母等药治之。其后右边面颧淡红肿起，嗽喘仍不少愈。后仆为延医，先投以王清任少腹逐瘀汤
加苏子沉香二剂，继服书中参麦汤八剂，喘嗽皆愈。
又∶治一男子，年四十六岁，心中发热作喘，医治三年无效。仆为诊视，先投以书中首方资生汤，遵注加生地黄六钱。
一剂见轻，数剂病愈强半。继用参麦汤数剂，病愈十之八九。然病已数年，身体羸弱，非仓猝所能撤消；望先生赐惠，
为拟一善后之方，则幸甚矣。
治疗因阴分亏损日久，进而导致肺虚有痰，出现咳嗽、劳损性气喘，或者兼有肺部结核（肺结核）的患者。
人参（三钱） 干麦冬（四钱，保留心部） 生山药（六钱） 清半夏（二钱） 牛蒡子（三钱，炒后捣碎） 苏子（二钱，炒后捣碎）
生杭芍（三钱） 甘草（一钱半）
人参是补益肺气的要药，但担心其温补会导致“肺热还伤肺”的弊端；有了麦冬作为辅助，就能转而起到退热的作用。麦冬是润肺的关键药物，但有说法认为咳嗽时忌用，因为麦冬滋腻；有了半夏作为辅助，就能转而起到止咳的效果。至于山药，它的收涩之性能帮助人参补气，它的粘润之性能帮助麦冬滋养津液。虽然长期多服可能会产生壅滞，但牛蒡子的滑利之性，正好可以弥补这一不足。而且牛蒡子能降肺气之逆，半夏能降胃气和冲气之逆，苏子与人参同用，又能降因虚而逆的气。平定这些逆乱之气，那么气喘和咳嗽不治疗也会自愈。使用白芍的原因，是因为肝为肺的对宫（对应脏腑），肺金虚损，不能清肃下行以镇摄肝木，则肝火常常恣意横逆而上冲，所以加入芍药来收敛抑制肝火。而且芍药与甘草同用，甘苦化合后的味道接近人参，功效也接近人参，同时它也是补肺的药物。
按语：古方多用麦冬治疗肺虚咳嗽，唯独徐灵胎认为咳嗽者绝对不宜使用。大概是因为麦冬汁浆过于胶粘，肺中稍有外邪滞留，就会停留不散；只有辅以半夏的辛燥开通之性，才不仅能有效治疗咳嗽，治疗气喘也非常有效。所以张仲景治疗伤寒解表后，身体虚弱消瘦、气短、气逆想吐的情况，用了竹叶石膏汤，其中麦冬与半夏同用。治疗火逆上气，用了麦门冬汤，以麦冬为君药，也佐以半夏。另外，对于肺虚劳嗽，医生们多忌讳使用半夏，这是不了解半夏药性的人。徐灵胎说：“肺属金，喜欢收敛而不喜欢发散。”收敛则肺叶下垂而气顺，发散则肺叶张开而气逆。半夏的辛味，与生姜、肉桂的辛味截然不同，入口则闭喉不能言，涂抹在金疮上则血不再流出，它是辛中带滞涩的，所以既能疏通又能收敛。另外，辛味的收敛与酸味的收敛不同，酸味主要主于收敛，辛味则在收敛中有发散的意思，尤其符合肺的特性。还有喻嘉言称赞麦门冬汤中使用半夏说：“在大补中气、大生津液的药物中，增加一味半夏的辛温，以利咽下气，这不仅是半夏的功效，更是善于使用半夏的功效啊。”
我对此证悉心研究，知道治疗方法应当细分为几种情况。肾传肺的，以大滋真阴的药物为主，以清肺理痰的药物为辅，像我拟定的醴泉饮就是这样；肺传肾的，以清肺理痰的药物为主，以滋补真阴的药物为辅，就是这个参麦汤；如果是因肺肾俱病，进而累及脾胃的，宜肺肾双补，同时兼顾脾胃，像我拟定的滋培汤、珠玉二宝粥就是这样。如此分途施治，斟酌得当，如果同时服用阿斯匹林，凡是脉象尚有根底可挽回的，需要时日都能痊愈。至于只有肺部有结核，而未累及其他脏腑的，可以在本编治疗肺病的方剂中，酌情选择治法（关于肺病治法的论述，实际上结合虚劳肺病详细论述了，凡治疗虚劳及肺病者都应参考）。
阿斯匹林，其性质凉而能散，善于消退外感发热，初得外感风热，服用后出凉汗即愈。也能消退内伤发热，肺结核患者借此消除其热，确实有奇效。又善于治疗急性关节肿痛，发表痘毒、麻疹以及肠胃炎、肋膜炎等各种病症，是西药中最适用的之一。
特别的是，其发汗之力非常猛烈。如果是结晶坚硬且大的，用于治疗外感，半瓦即可出汗；如果正值天气寒凉，或靠近寒带地区，需服用至一瓦，或至一瓦半。如果是略似白粉，微有结晶的，药力薄弱，服用至一瓦才能出汗，多可服用至一瓦半或两瓦。这需要临证医生根据药力的优劣，因时、因地、因人制宜。
至于用阿斯匹林治疗内伤，分量尤其必须少用。因为内伤发热的人，阴虚阳浮，最容易发汗。西方人用于治疗肺结核的热症，每日服用三瓦，鉴于欧洲地寒，且他们自幼多吃肉食，脏腑营卫壮固，或许还可以；但在我们中华，定然不可行。因此丁仲祜用阿斯匹林治疗肺结核，一日三次共服用一瓦半，这比西方人用的剂量已经少了。而我用阿斯匹林治疗肺结核，相比西方人的用量，则是减之又减。曾治疗一个少年，染患肺结核，咳嗽食少，身体瘦弱，半年未愈，求我为他延医诊治。于是投以理肺清痰、健胃滋阴的药物，又在晚间临睡时，用白蔗糖冲水，送服阿斯匹林三分之一瓦。片刻间周身即得大汗，过了三个小时汗才停止，第二天觉得周身酸懒，这是因为汗出太过所致。而咳嗽较之前减轻，食欲也有所振作，继服滋补药物数剂，每日只用阿斯匹林六分之一瓦，一次服下，有时出微汗，有时不出汗，从此精神渐渐清爽，调治月余而痊愈。自此以后，用阿斯匹林治疗肺结核，必先少量试服，初次绝不敢稍多。
至于西方人说为了防止出汗，可与止汗药同服，这也是好方法。然而仍担心服用止汗药后无效，而阿斯匹林的发汗作用依然很显著。我治疗肺结核证，若一日用到一瓦或一瓦强，常分为十次或十余次服用。不需要用止汗药，也可以不出汗。即使有时微见汗，也是佳兆。
凡是劳瘵阴虚的证候，脉象急数的，无论是否有肺结核，在每次服用滋补剂之外，都宜服用阿斯匹林，或半瓦，或至一瓦。恐怕出汗过多，分几次服用，初日服用使其微见汗，日后日常服用，以或出汗或不出汗为宜。如此旬日之间，脉象急数的可以逐渐和缓。
附录：
广西柳州宾××来信：
治疗一位妇人，四十三岁，素来因家务劳心，又兼伤心，于是患吐血。后来吐血虽愈，但喘嗽非常严重，夜间不能卧倒。众医都用枇杷叶、款冬花、杏仁、紫菀、贝母等药物治疗。之后右边面颧淡红肿起，咳喘仍不见好转。后来请我诊治，先投以王清任的少腹逐瘀汤加苏子、沉香，连服两剂；继服书中的参麦汤八剂，喘嗽皆愈。
又：治疗一位男子，四十六岁，心中发热作喘，医治三年无效。我为他诊视，先投以书中首方资生汤，遵照注释加生地黄六钱。一剂见效，数剂病势减半。继用参麦汤数剂，病愈十之八九。然而病已数年，身体瘦弱，不是仓促所能消除的；希望先生赐惠，拟定一个善后方剂，则幸甚矣。
Treats cases where Yin deficiency has persisted for a long time, gradually leading to Lung Qi deficiency with phlegm, resulting in cough and asthenic asthma (consumptive wheezing), or accompanied by pulmonary tuberculosis (pulmonary tubercles).
Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix) (3 qian) Gan Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Tuber, dried, retaining the heart) (4 qian) Sheng Shan Yao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma, raw) (6 qian) Qing Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, cleaned) (2 qian) Niu Bang Zi (Arctii Fructus) (3 qian, stir-fried and crushed) Su Zi (Perillae Fructus) (2 qian, stir-fried and crushed)
Sheng Hang Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, Hangzhou origin, raw) (3 qian) Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (1.5 qian)
Ren Shen is the principal herb for tonifying Lung Qi, but there is a concern that its warmth may exacerbate "Lung heat injuring the Lung." With Mai Dong assisting, it can instead clear heat. Mai Dong is a key herb for moistening the Lung, but there is a saying that it should be avoided in cough due to its cloying nature; with Ban Xia assisting, it can instead stop cough. As for Shan Yao, its astringent property helps Ren Shen tonify Qi, and its sticky-moistening property helps Mai Dong nourish fluids. Although prolonged and heavy use might cause stagnation, the slippery and unblocking nature of Niu Bang Zi can compensate for this. Moreover, Niu Bang Zi descends rebellious Lung Qi, Ban Xia descends rebellious Stomach Qi and Chong Qi, and Su Zi used with Ren Shen can also descend Qi rebellion caused by deficiency. By calming these rebellious Qi movements, asthma and cough will heal spontaneously without direct treatment. Bai Shao is used because the Liver is the counterpart organ to the Lung; when Lung Metal is deficient and cannot descend clearly to suppress Liver Wood, Liver Fire often flares up and rebels upward. Therefore, Shao Yao is added to astringe and restrain the fire. Furthermore, when Shao Yao is used with Gan Cao, their combined sweet-bitter flavor resembles Ren Shen, and its efficacy is similar to Ren Shen, while also being an herb that tonifies the Lung.
Note: Ancient formulas mostly used Mai Dong to treat Lung deficiency cough, but Xu Lingtai alone stated that coughers absolutely should not use it. This is likely because Mai Dong's juice is too sticky and cloying; if even a slight pathogenic factor lingers in the Lung, it will remain stagnant. Only by assisting with the acrid-drying and opening nature of Ban Xia can it effectively treat not only cough but also asthma. Thus, Zhang Zhongjing used Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction) after the resolution of Cold Damage, for cases of emaciation, shortness of breath, and rebellious Qi with nausea, where Mai Dong and Ban Xia were used together. For fire-induced rebellious Qi, he used Mai Men Dong Tang (Ophiopogon Decoction), using Mai Dong as the sovereign herb, assisted by Ban Xia. Additionally, physicians often avoid using Ban Xia for Lung deficiency consumptive cough, which shows they do not understand the nature of Ban Xia. Xu Lingtai said: "The Lung belongs to Metal, preferring astringency over dispersion." Astringency causes Lung lobes to hang down and Qi to flow smoothly, while dispersion causes Lung lobes to expand and Qi to rebel. The acridity of Ban Xia is distinctly different from that of Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus). It closes the throat causing inability to speak when entering, and stops bleeding when applied to wounds; it is acrid yet astringent/stagnant, thus capable of both unblocking and astringing. Furthermore, the astringency of Acrid differs from that of Sour; Sour primarily focuses on astringency, whereas Acrid contains the intent of dispersion within astringency, which particularly suits the Lung. Yu Jiayan praised the use of Ban Xia in Mai Men Dong Tang, saying: "In large formulas that build Middle Qi and generate copious fluids, adding one acrid-warm herb of Ban Xia to benefit the throat and descend Qi—this is not merely the merit of Ban Xia, but the merit of skillfully using Ban Xia."
I have studied this condition carefully and know that the treatment method should be subdivided into several types. When Kidney disease transmits to the Lung, the main treatment should be herbs that greatly nourish True Yin, assisted by herbs that clear the Lung and resolve phlegm, such as my formulated Li Quan Yin (Spring Water Drink); when Lung disease transmits to the Kidney, the main treatment should be herbs that clear the Lung and resolve phlegm, assisted by herbs that nourish True Yin, such as this Shen Mai Tang (Ginseng and Ophiopogon Decoction); when both Lung and Kidney are diseased, affecting the Spleen and Stomach, dual tonification of Lung and Kidney should be employed while attending to the Spleen and Stomach, such as my formulated Zi Pei Tang (Nourishing and Nurturing Decoction) and Zhu Yu Er Bao Zhou (Pearl and Jade Two-Treasure Porridge). Treating along these distinct paths with careful consideration, and additionally administering Aspirin, all cases with pulse roots that can still be salvaged will recover given time. For cases with only pulmonary tubercles without involvement of other organs, appropriate methods can be selected from the lung disease formulas in this volume (the discussion on lung disease treatment methods actually details consumptive lung diseases comprehensively; those treating consumptive diseases and lung diseases should refer to this).
Aspirin is cool in nature and dispersing, good at reducing fever from external contraction. For initial external wind-heat contraction, taking it induces cool sweating and leads to recovery. It can also reduce internal injury fever; for tuberculosis patients, using it to eliminate heat indeed yields miraculous effects. It is also good at treating acute joint swelling and pain, expelling toxin from smallpox/rash, and various conditions like gastroenteritis and pleurisy, making it one of the most applicable Western medicines.
However, its sweating power is very fierce. If the crystals are hard and large, half a grain suffices to induce sweating for external contraction; if the weather is cold or in near-arctic regions, one grain or one and a half grains must be taken. If it resembles white powder with slight crystallization, the medicinal power is weak, requiring one grain to induce sweating, and can generally be taken up to one and a half or two grains. This requires the clinician to judge the quality of the drug and adapt to time, place, and individual constitution.
When using Aspirin for internal injury, the dosage must be especially low. Because people with internal injury fever have Yin deficiency with floating Yang, they sweat easily. Westerners use three grains daily for tuberculosis fever; given Europe's cold climate and their diet rich in meat since childhood, leading to strong Zang-Fu and Ying-Wei defenses, this might be acceptable. However, in China, this is certainly not feasible. Therefore, Ding Zhonghu used Aspirin for tuberculosis, taking one and a half grains total per day (three times), which is less than what Westerners use. My usage for tuberculosis is reduced further compared to Westerners. I once treated a young man with tuberculosis, cough, poor appetite, and emaciation, who had not recovered for half a year. I prescribed herbs to regulate the Lung, clear phlegm, strengthen the Stomach, and nourish Yin. At bedtime, I gave him Aspirin (one-third of a grain) dissolved in water with white sucrose. He sweated profusely throughout his body shortly after, and the sweating stopped after three hours. The next day, he felt sore and lazy all over due to excessive sweating. However, his cough was lighter, and his appetite improved slightly. After taking several doses of tonifying herbs, using only one-sixth of a grain of Aspirin once daily, sometimes inducing slight sweating or none, his spirit gradually cleared. He recovered after about a month of treatment. Since then, when using Aspirin for tuberculosis, I always start with a minimal test dose, never daring to increase it initially.
Westerners suggest combining it with antihydrotics to prevent sweating, which is a good method. However, there is still fear that the antihydrotics may fail, and Aspirin's sweating effect remains strong. In my treatment of tuberculosis, if I use one grain or slightly more per day, I divide it into ten or more doses. No antihydrotics are needed, and no sweating occurs. Even if slight sweating occurs occasionally, it is a good sign.
For all consumptive Yin deficiency syndromes with rapid and urgent pulses, regardless of whether tuberculosis is present, besides each dose of tonifying agents, Aspirin should be taken, either half a grain or up to one grain. To prevent excessive sweating, it should be divided into several doses. On the first day, take enough to induce slight sweating; subsequently, take it daily, aiming for either slight sweating or no sweating. Within ten days, the rapid pulse can gradually become harmonious and slow.
Appendix:
Letter from Bin XX in Binyang, Liuzhou, Guangxi:
Treated a woman, aged 43, who suffered from hemoptysis due to mental labor from household chores and emotional distress. Although the hemoptysis healed, severe wheezing and coughing followed, preventing her from lying down at night. Various doctors treated her with Loquat Leaf, Farfura Flower, Apricot Seed, Aster Root, and Fritillary Bulb. Later, her right cheek became pale red and swollen, but the cough and wheezing did not improve. I was then consulted. I first prescribed Wang Qingren's Shaofu Zhuyu Tang (Minor Abdominal Blood-Stasis Expelling Decoction) plus Perilla Fruit and Agarwood, administered for two doses. Then, she took Shen Mai Tang from this book for eight doses, after which both wheezing and coughing resolved.
Also: Treated a man, aged 46, suffering from heart heat and wheezing, who had been treated ineffectively for three years. Upon examination, I first prescribed Zisheng Tang (Life-Nourishing Decoction) from this book, adding Raw Rehmannia Root (Sheng Di Huang) six qian according to the notes. One dose showed improvement, and several doses reduced the illness by half. Subsequently, several doses of Shen Mai Tang cured nine-tenths to eight-tenths of the disease. However, having been ill for years, his body was emaciated, and recovery could not be achieved hastily. I hope the master will bestow a follow-up prescription, which would be greatly appreciated.