条文：外障皆因六气生，暑寒燥湿火与风，内热召邪乘隙入，随经循系上头中。
方剂：
【注】[1]此明外障受病之因也。
[2]外障者，从外而遮也。风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火，六气也。
[3]外障之病，皆因六淫所感，然必因其人内热外蒸，腠理不密，相召外
邪，乘虚而入，入项属太阳，入面属阳明，入颊者属少阳，各随其经
之系，上头入脑中，而为患于目焉。
[4]其证：赤、痛、肿、涩、眵、泪、医膜遮睛也。
%
条文：外障暴赤血灌瞳，硬睛赤垂与黄冲，蟹睛旋螺并努肉，鹅冠蚬肉崇疼同。
突睛漏睛连鹘眼，拳毛倒睫胞凝逢，眦赤花陷及黑钉，喎僻冰瑕粘睛并。
玉翳水轮逆顺，睑出风粟又混睛，撞破撞刺及针刺，眼痒泪出疮痍生。
客热伤寒并肝热，因他痰核天水行，青盲赤烂□疮病，转关生赘疳眼名。
小儿通睛恙虽小，还有眯目证为轻，此为外障四十人，熟读方知各证情。
方剂：
【注】[1]外障者，或因内热，或因外邪，或内、外合邪，致生目赤肿痛翳膜等
证也。
[2]暴者，暴赤生翳也。
[3]血灌瞳者，血灌瞳人也。
[4]硬睛者，睑硬睛疼也。
[5]赤垂者，赤膜下垂也。
[6]黄冲者，黄膜上冲也。
[7]蟹睛者，形如蟹睛而疼痛也。
[8]旋螺者，形如旋螺尖起也。
[9]努肉者，努肉攀睛也。
[10]崇疼者，神崇疼痛也。
[11]突睛者，突起睛高也。
[12]漏睛者，漏睛脓出也。
[13]鹘眼者，鹘眼凝睛也。
[14]胞凝者，胞肉胶凝也。
[15]眦赤者，两眦赤脉也。
[16]花陷者，芯翳白陷也。
[17]黑者，黑翳如珠也。
[18]钉者，钉翳根深也。
[19]喎僻者，风牵喎僻也。
[20]冰瑕者，冰瑕翳深也。
[21]粘睛者，两睑粘睛也。
[22]玉翳者，玉翳浮满也。
[23]水轮者，膜入水轮也。
[24]逆顺者，逆顺生翳也。
[25]撞破者，被物撞破也。
[26]撞刺者，撞刺生翳也。
[27]针刺者，痛如针刺也。
[28]泪出者，冲风泪出也。
[29]疮痍者，风赤疮痍也。
[30]客热者，暴风客热者。
[31]伤寒者，伤寒热病后患目也。
[32]肝热者，肝虚积热也。
[33]因他者，因他病后生翳也。
[34]痰核者，脾生痰核也。
[35]天水者，天水行后赤眼也。
[36]赤烂者，胎风赤烂也。
[37]□疮者，□疮入眼也。
[38]转关者，辘轳转关也。
[39]生赘者，睑中生赘也。
[40]此外障四十八证之总名，读者诚能熟习
玩味，自因病而各得其情矣。
%
条文：外障（外部眼病）皆因六气（风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火六种气候因素）所生，包括暑、寒、燥、湿、火与风。体内有热招引外邪，乘虚而入，随经络循行系连至头部中央。
方剂：
【注】[1] 此处阐明外障受病的病因。
[2] 所谓“外障”，是指从外部遮蔽眼睛的病症。风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火，即为六气。
[3] 外障之病，皆因感受六淫（风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火六种外感病邪）所致，但必须是因为人体内部有热向外蒸腾，腠理（皮肤毛孔及肌肉纹理）不致密，从而招引外邪，乘虚而入。邪气入项部属太阳经，入面部属阳明经，入颊部属少阳经，各自随着其所属经络的系连，上行至头入脑，从而在眼部产生病患。
[4] 其症状表现为：目赤、疼痛、肿胀、干涩、眵多（眼屎）、流泪、医膜（翳膜）遮蔽瞳孔。
条文：外障突发红赤如血灌瞳仁，硬睛（眼球坚硬疼痛）、赤垂（赤膜下垂）与黄冲（黄膜上冲），蟹睛（黑睛溃破露出虹膜，状如蟹眼）、旋螺（黑睛突起如旋螺）并努肉（胬肉攀睛），鹅冠（眼睑肿胀如鹅冠）、蚬肉（睑内颗粒如蚬肉）疼痛相同。
突睛（眼球突出）、漏睛（泪窍流脓）连鹘眼（眼球凹陷凝滞如鹘鸟之眼），拳毛倒睫（睫毛向内卷曲刺眼）胞凝逢（眼睑粘连），眦赤（眼角红赤）、花陷（白陷翳）及黑钉（根深黑翳），喎僻（口眼歪斜牵拉眼部）、冰瑕（浅层云翳）粘睛并见。
玉翳（白色翳膜浮满）、水轮（瞳孔）逆顺（翳膜生长方向逆或顺），眼睑生出风粟（粟粒样小泡）又混睛（角膜混浊），撞破（外伤撞击破裂）、撞刺（异物撞击生翳）及针刺（痛如针刺），眼痒泪出疮痍生（眼睑红肿生疮）。
客热（暴风客热）、伤寒（伤寒热病后患目）并肝热（肝虚积热），因他病（其他疾病后）痰核（脾经痰湿凝结）天水行（天行赤眼后）赤眼，青盲（视力减退或失明）、赤烂（胎风赤烂）□疮病（某种疮疾入眼），转关（辘轳转关）生赘（眼睑生赘生物）疳眼名。
小儿通睛（对眼）恙虽小，还有眯目证为轻，此为外障四十种（实指四十八种）人（症候），熟读方知各证情。
方剂：
【注】[1] 外障，或因内热，或因外邪，或内外合邪，导致产生目赤、肿痛、翳膜等症状。
[2] “暴”者，指突发红赤并生翳。
[3] “血灌瞳”者，指血液灌注于瞳仁。
[4] “硬睛”者，指眼睑坚硬且眼球疼痛。
[5] “赤垂”者，指赤色薄膜下垂。
[6] “黄冲”者，指黄色薄膜上冲。
[7] “蟹睛”者，形状像蟹眼且疼痛。
[8] “旋螺”者，形状像旋螺尖起。
[9] “努肉”者，指胬肉攀睛。
[10] “崇疼”者，指神祟引起的疼痛（注：古籍中“崇”常通“肿”或指迷信病因，此处结合语境及后世校勘，多指肿胀疼痛或特定类型的剧痛，依原文直译）。
[11] “突睛”者，指眼球突起高耸。
[12] “漏睛”者，指泪窍流出脓液。
[13] “鹘眼”者，指鹘眼凝睛（眼球固定不动）。
[14] “胞凝”者，指胞肉胶凝（眼睑组织粘连）。
[15] “眦赤”者，指两眼角红赤血脉。
[16] “花陷”者，指芯翳白陷（中心凹陷的白色翳）。
[17] “黑”者，指黑翳如珠。
[18] “钉”者，指标根深的翳。
[19] “喎僻”者，指风牵喎僻（面神经麻痹导致的眼部歪斜）。
[20] “冰瑕”者，指冰瑕翳深（较深的浅层云翳）。
[21] “粘睛”者，指两睑粘睛（上下眼睑粘连）。
[22] “玉翳”者，指玉翳浮满（白色翳膜浮满黑睛）。
[23] “水轮”者，指翳膜进入水轮（瞳孔区域）。
[24] “逆顺”者，指逆顺生翳（翳膜生长的方向）。
[25] “撞破”者，指被物体撞破。
[26] “撞刺”者，指被撞刺后生翳。
[27] “针刺”者，指疼痛如针刺。
[28] “泪出”者，指冲风泪出（迎风流泪）。
[29] “疮痍”者，指风赤疮痍（眼睑红肿生疮）。
[30] “客热”者，指暴风客热。
[31] “伤寒”者，指伤寒热病后患眼病。
[32] “肝热”者，指肝虚积热。
[33] “因他”者，指因其他疾病后生翳。
[34] “痰核”者，指脾生痰核（脾经痰湿结聚）。
[35] “天水”者，指天水行后赤眼（传染性结膜炎后遗留的红眼）。
[36] “赤烂”者，指胎风赤烂（先天性或婴幼儿眼睑边缘炎症）。
[37] “□疮”者，指□疮入眼（具体疮名缺字，指某类疮疾侵入眼部）。
[38] “转关”者，指辘轳转关（眼球转动受限或异常）。
[39] “生赘”者，指眼睑中生赘生物。
[40] 这是外障四十八种证候的总名称，读者若能熟练玩味，自然能因病而了解各种证候的情况。
Translation:
Article: External eye obstructions (Wai Zhang) are all caused by the Six Qi (Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire). Internal heat attracts external pathogens, which enter through vulnerabilities and travel along meridians to the head.
Formula:
[Note] [1] This clarifies the etiology of external eye obstructions.
[2] "External obstruction" refers to conditions where external factors obscure the eye. Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, Dampness, Dryness, and Fire constitute the Six Qi.
[3] Diseases of external obstruction are caused by the contraction of the Six Excesses (Liu Yin). However, this must be accompanied by internal heat steaming outward and loose interstices (Cou Li), which attract external pathogens to enter via deficiency. Pathogens entering the neck belong to the Taiyang Meridian; those entering the face belong to the Yangming Meridian; those entering the cheek belong to the Shaoyang Meridian. Each follows its respective meridian connections, ascending to the head and brain, thereby causing pathology in the eyes.
[4] Symptoms include: redness, pain, swelling, dryness/astringency, excessive discharge (Chi), tearing, and nebulae (Yi) obscuring the pupil.
Article: External obstructions may present as sudden redness with blood flooding the pupil, hard eye (Ying Jing), descending red membrane (Chi Chui), and ascending yellow membrane (Huang Chong); crab-eye (Xie Jing), spiral-cone (Xuan Luo), and pterygium (Nu Rou); goose-comb (E Guan) and clam-flesh (Xian Rou) with similar pain; protruding eye (Tu Jing) and leaking eye (Lou Jing) connected to Hu-eye (Gu Yan); curled eyelashes (Dao Jie) meeting adhered eyelids (Bao Ning); red canthi (Zi Chi), depressed white nebula (Hua Xian), and black nail-like nebula (Hei Ding); facial paralysis affecting the eye (Wai Pi), deep ice-flaw nebula (Bing Xia), and adhered eyes (Zhan Jing). Jade nebula (Yu Yi) involving the Water Wheel (Shui Lun - Pupil) growing in reverse or forward directions; wind-millet appearing on eyelids and mixed corneal opacity (Hun Jing); injuries from collision or puncture causing nebulae; stinging pain like needle pricks; itching, tearing, and skin sores (Chuang Yi). Guest-heat (Ke Re), sequelae of Cold Damage (Shang Han), and Liver Heat (Gan Re); nebulae arising after other diseases, phlegm nodules (Tan He), or following Tian Shui Xing (epidemic red eye); blindness (Qing Mang), red rot (Chi Lan), specific sores entering the eye, rolling pivot disorders (Zhuan Guan), eyelid growths (Sheng Zhui), and malnutrition eye disease (Gan Yan). Although strabismus (Tong Jing) in children is minor, squinting (Mi Mu) is even lighter. These constitute forty types (actually forty-eight) of external obstruction syndromes; thorough study reveals the nature of each syndrome.
Formula:
[Note] [1] External obstructions may arise from internal heat, external pathogens, or a combination of both, leading to symptoms such as redness, swelling, pain, and nebulae.
[2] "Bao" (Sudden) refers to sudden redness and nebula formation.
[3] "Blood flooding the pupil" refers to blood filling the pupillary area.
[4] "Hard eye" refers to hard eyelids and painful eyeballs.
[5] "Descending red membrane" refers to a red membrane hanging down.
[6] "Ascending yellow membrane" refers to a yellow membrane rising upward.
[7] "Crab-eye" refers to a shape resembling a crab's eye with pain.
[8] "Spiral-cone" refers to a protrusion shaped like a spiral cone.
[9] "Nu Rou" refers to pterygium growing over the cornea.
[10] "Chong Teng" refers to pain attributed to spiritual affliction (or severe swelling/pain depending on interpretation).
[11] "Protruding eye" refers to high, bulging eyeballs.
[12] "Leaking eye" refers to pus discharging from the lacrimal punctum.
[13] "Hu-eye" refers to fixed, staring eyes (Gu Yan Ning Jing).
[14] "Bao Ning" refers to adhesion of eyelid tissues.
[15] "Red canthi" refers to red vessels at the inner and outer corners of the eyes.
[16] "Depressed flower" refers to a central depression in a white nebula.
[17] "Black" refers to a black nebula resembling a pearl.
[18] "Nail" refers to a deeply rooted nebula.
[19] "Wai Pi" refers to wind-induced facial deviation affecting the eye.
[20] "Ice-flaw" refers to a deeper superficial nebula.
[21] "Adhered eye" refers to adhesion between upper and lower eyelids.
[22] "Jade nebula" refers to a white nebula floating fully across the cornea.
[23] "Water Wheel" refers to the nebula entering the pupillary region.
[24] "Reverse/Forward" refers to the direction of nebula growth.
[25] "Collision break" refers to rupture caused by blunt trauma.
[26] "Puncture injury" refers to nebula formation after penetrating injury.
[27] "Needle prick" refers to pain sensation like needle pricking.
[28] "Tearing" refers to tearing upon exposure to wind.
[29] "Sores" refers to wind-induced redness and sores on the eyelids.
[30] "Guest-heat" refers to epidemic acute conjunctivitis (Bao Feng Ke Re).
[31] "Cold Damage" refers to eye disease occurring after febrile illness from Cold Damage.
[32] "Liver heat" refers to accumulated heat due to Liver deficiency.
[33] "Due to others" refers to nebulae arising after other systemic diseases.
[34] "Phlegm nodule" refers to phlegm-dampness nodules formed in the Spleen system.
[35] "Tian Shui" refers to chronic red eye following epidemic conjunctivitis.
[36] "Red rot" refers to congenital or infantile blepharitis (Tai Feng Chi Lan).
[37] "[Missing Character] sore" refers to a specific sore condition invading the eye.
[38] "Turning pivot" refers to restricted or abnormal eye movement (Lu Lu Zhuan Guan).
[39] "Growing growths" refers to benign growths on the eyelids.
[40] These are the general names for forty-eight types of external obstruction syndromes. If readers study them diligently, they will naturally understand the characteristics of each syndrome based on the disease.