篇名：上编 外治法
分类：手法释义
属性：接者，谓使已断之骨，合拢一处，复归于旧也。
[1]凡骨之跌伤错落，或断而两分，或折而陷下，或碎而散乱，或岐而傍
突。
[2]相其形势，徐徐接之，使断者复续，陷者复起，碎者复完，突者复平
。
[3]或用手法，或用器具，或手法、器具分先后而兼用之，是在医者之通
达也。
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篇名：上编 外治法
分类：手法释义
属性：[1]推者，谓以手推之，使还旧处也。拿者，或两手一手捏定患处，酌其
宜轻宜重，缓缓焉以复其位也。
[2]若肿痛已除，伤痕已愈，其中
<1>或有筋急而转摇不甚便利。
<2>或有筋纵而运动不甚自如。
<3>又或有骨节间微有错落不合缝者。
是伤虽平，而气血之流行未畅，不宜接、整、端、提等法，惟宜推拿
，以通经络气血也。
[3]盖人身之经穴，有大经细络之分，一推一拿，视其虚实，酌而用之，
则有宣通补泻之法，所以患者无不愈也。
[4]已上诸条，乃八法之大略如此。至于临证之权衡，一时之巧妙，神而
明之，存乎其人矣。
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【上编 外治法 - 手法释义】
属性：所谓“接”，是指使已经断裂的骨骼重新合拢，恢复如初。
[1] 凡是骨头因跌打损伤导致错位，有的断裂成两截，有的折断并陷入下方，有的碎裂散乱，有的分叉并向旁侧突起。
[2] 观察其伤势形态，慢慢地进行接续，使断裂的重新连接，陷入的重新抬起，碎裂的重新完整，突起的重新平整。
[3] 或者使用手法，或者使用器具，或者手法与器具分先后顺序配合使用，这取决于医生的通达灵活程度。
【上编 外治法 - 手法释义】
属性：[1] “推”，是指用手推动患处，使其回到原来的位置。“拿”，是指用单手或双手捏住患处，斟酌适宜轻重，缓缓地使其复位。
[2] 如果肿痛已经消除，伤痕已经愈合，但其中 <1> 有的出现筋脉拘急，转动摇晃不够便利； <2> 有的出现筋脉松弛，运动不够自如； <3> 又或者骨节之间有微小的错位、缝隙不合。
这些情况虽然外伤已平复，但气血的运行尚不畅通，不宜使用接、整、端、提等手法，只适宜使用推拿，以疏通经络和气血。
[3] 因为人体的经穴有大经和小络的区别，通过一推一拿，根据病情的虚实，斟酌运用，就有宣通、补泻的方法，所以患者没有不能治愈的。
[4] 以上各条，是八法的大致概要。至于临证时的权衡变通，一时的巧妙运用，神妙而明察，全在于医生个人的造诣了。
[Upper Compilation: External Treatment Methods - Explanation of Manipulation Techniques]
Attribute: The term "Jie" (Bone Setting/Reduction) refers to the process of bringing broken bones back together so that they heal and return to their original state.
[1] In cases where bones are dislocated due to falls or injuries, the fracture may be split into two parts, depressed inward, shattered and scattered, or have fragments protruding laterally.
[2] By observing the specific condition of the injury, the reduction should be performed slowly and gently, so that fractured bones reconnect, depressed bones are elevated, shattered bones are restored to integrity, and protruding fragments are flattened.
[3] This can be achieved using manual techniques alone, instruments alone, or a combination of both in a sequential manner; this depends on the physician's flexibility and expertise.
[Upper Compilation: External Treatment Methods - Explanation of Manipulation Techniques]
Attribute: [1] "Tui" (Pushing) refers to using hands to push the affected area to restore it to its proper position. "Na" (Grasping/Lifting) involves grasping the affected area with one or both hands, adjusting the pressure according to what is appropriate (light or heavy), and slowly restoring the anatomical position.
[2] If swelling and pain have subsided and wounds have healed, yet there remain conditions such as: <1> tendon stiffness causing limited mobility during rotation and movement; <2> tendon laxity resulting in uncoordinated movement; or <3> slight misalignment or gaps between bone joints.
Although the external trauma has healed, the circulation of Qi and Blood remains obstructed. In such cases, methods like Jie (Setting), Zheng (Straightening), Duan (Lifting), and Ti (Pulling) are not suitable. Instead, Tui Na (Tuina Massage) should be used to unblock the meridians and promote the flow of Qi and Blood.
[3] The human body's acupoints are divided into major meridians and minor collaterals. Through pushing and grasping, based on the deficiency or excess of the patient's condition, appropriate application of dispersing, unblocking, tonifying, and reducing methods ensures that patients recover without exception.
[4] The above points outline the general principles of the Eight Methods. However, the judgment required in clinical practice and the skillful application at any given moment rely on the physician's profound understanding and individual capability.