四君子汤 异功散 六君子汤 香砂六君子汤 七味白术散 参苓白
术散归脾汤 逍遥散 八珍汤 十全大补汤 双和饮 养荣汤 理中
汤
18.补养元气四君子, 参苓术草枣生姜, 异功加陈兼理气, 虚痰橘半
六君汤. 呕吐香砂六君子, 渴泻七味藿葛香. 脾泻参苓白术散, 薏桔
山莲砂扁方. 思虑伤脾损心血, 归脾归耆枣远香, 减参加柴归芍薄,
逍遥调肝理脾方. 合物八珍兼补血, 耆桂十全大补汤, 去参苓术双和
饮,去芎加陈养荣汤. 脾胃虚寒吐且泻, 理中减苓加干姜.
【注】四君子汤, 补养元气虚弱通用之方, 即人参, 茯苓, 白术, 炙
草,引用枣姜也. 异功散是于补气中兼理其气, 即四君子汤加陈皮也
.六君子汤治脾虚痰饮, 即四君子汤加橘红, 半夏也. 香砂六君子汤
治胃虚呕吐, 即六君子汤加藿香, 砂仁也. 七味白术散治脾虚渴泻,
即四君子汤加藿香, 葛根, 木香也. 参苓白术散治脾胃虚泻, 即四君
子汤加意苡, 桔梗, 山药, 莲肉, 砂仁, 扁豆也. 归脾汤治思虑损伤
心脾气血, 即四君子加当归, 黄耆, 枣仁, 远志, 木香也. 逍遥散调
肝理脾, 即四君子汤减人参, 加柴胡, 当归, 白芍, 薄荷也. 八珍汤
于补气中兼补其血, 即四君子汤合四物汤也. 十全大补汤大补气血,
即八珍汤加黄耆, 肉桂也. 双和饮平补气血, 即十全大补汤减人参,
茯苓, 白术也. 人参养荣汤于补气中专养荣血, 即十全大补汤减川芎
加陈皮也. 理中汤治脾胃虚寒吐泻, 即四君子汤去茯苓加干姜也.
四物汤 桂枝四物汤 麻黄四物汤 柴胡四物汤 玉烛散
19.妇人血病主四物, 归芎白芍熟地黄, 血瘀改以赤芍药, 血热易用
生地黄, 表热有汗合桂草, 表热无汗合麻黄, 少阳寒热小柴并, 阳明
热合调胃汤.
【注】四物汤, 乃妇人经产, 一切血病通用之方, 故主之也. 其方即
当归, 川芎, 白芍药, 熟地黄. 凡血瘀俱减白芍药, 改用赤芍药破之
;血热俱去熟地黄, 易用生地黄凉之. 风感太阳卫分, 发热有汗, 本
方合桂枝汤, 以桂枝甘草解之, 名桂枝四物汤. 寒伤太阳荣分, 发热
,无汗, 本方合麻黄汤, 以麻黄杏仁桂枝甘草发之, 名麻黄四物汤.
邪传少阳半表半里, 往来寒热, 本方合小柴胡汤, 以柴胡, 黄芩, 半
夏,人参, 甘草和之, 名柴胡四物汤. 邪传阳明, 里热便结, 本方合
调胃承气汤, 以大黄, 朴硝, 甘草下之, 名玉烛散.
四君子汤、异功散、六君子汤、香砂六君子汤、七味白术散、参苓白术散、归脾汤、逍遥散、八珍汤、十全大补汤、双和饮、养荣汤、理中汤。
18. 补养元气用四君子汤，由人参、茯苓、白术、甘草、大枣、生姜组成；异功散是在补气基础上兼以理气，即四君子汤加陈皮；六君子汤治疗脾虚生痰，即四君子汤加橘红、半夏；呕吐可用香砂六君子汤（即六君子汤加藿香、砂仁）；口渴腹泻用七味白术散（即四君子汤加藿香、葛根、木香）；脾虚泄泻用参苓白术散，方含薏苡仁、桔梗、山药、莲子、砂仁、扁豆；思虑过度损伤脾气并耗损心血，用归脾汤，由黄芪、当归、枣仁、远志、木香及四君子汤组成；若减去人参，加入柴胡、当归、白芍、薄荷，则为逍遥散，用于调和肝脏、调理脾胃；将四君子汤与四物汤合用可兼补气血，称为八珍汤；再加入黄芪、肉桂即为十全大补汤，大补气血；去掉人参、茯苓、白术则为双和饮，平和地补益气血；去掉川芎、加入陈皮则为人参养荣汤，在补气中专门滋养营血；脾胃虚寒导致呕吐且腹泻，用理中汤，即四君子汤去掉茯苓、加入干姜。
【注】四君子汤是补养元气虚弱通用的方剂，由人参、茯苓、白术、炙甘草组成，引用大枣、生姜为引。异功散是在补气之中兼顾理气，即四君子汤加陈皮。六君子汤治疗脾虚导致的痰饮，即四君子汤加橘红、半夏。香砂六君子汤治疗胃虚引起的呕吐，即六君子汤加藿香、砂仁。七味白术散治疗脾虚引起的口渴和腹泻，即四君子汤加藿香、葛根、木香。参苓白术散治疗脾胃虚弱引起的腹泻，即四君子汤加薏苡仁、桔梗、山药、莲子肉、砂仁、扁豆。归脾汤治疗因思虑过度损伤心脾之气血，即在四君子汤基础上加当归、黄芪、酸枣仁、远志、木香。逍遥散用于调肝理脾，即四君子汤减去人参，加入柴胡、当归、白芍、薄荷。八珍汤在补气的基础上兼补血，即四君子汤合四物汤。十全大补汤大补气血，即八珍汤加黄芪、肉桂。双和饮平和地补益气血，即十全大补汤减去人参、茯苓、白术。人参养荣汤在补气中专门滋养营血，即十全大补汤减去川芎、加入陈皮。理中汤治疗脾胃虚寒引起的呕吐和腹泻，即四君子汤去掉茯苓、加入干姜。
19. 妇女血病主要主用四物汤，由当归、川芎、白芍、熟地黄组成；血瘀者改用赤芍药；血热者易用生地黄；表热有汗者合用桂枝甘草汤；表热无汗者合用麻黄汤；少阳证寒热往来者合用小柴胡汤；阳明热结者合用调胃承气汤。
【注】四物汤是妇女经产及一切血病通用的方剂，故作为主方。其方由当归、川芎、白芍药、熟地黄组成。凡是血瘀证，均减少白芍药用量，改用赤芍药以破血化瘀；凡是血热证，均去掉熟地黄，改用生地黄以清热凉血。若风邪侵袭太阳卫分，出现发热且有汗，本方合桂枝汤，以桂枝、甘草解表，名为桂枝四物汤。若寒邪伤及太阳营分，出现发热、无汗，本方合麻黄汤，以麻黄、杏仁、桂枝、甘草发汗解表，名为麻黄四物汤。邪气传入少阳半表半里之间，出现往来寒热，本方合小柴胡汤，以柴胡、黄芩、半夏、人参、甘草和解少阳，名为柴胡四物汤。邪气传入阳明，出现里热便秘，本方合调胃承气汤，以大黄、朴硝、甘草攻下实热，名为玉烛散。
Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction), Yi Gong San (Extraordinary Efficacy Powder), Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction), Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang (Aucklandia and Amomum Six Gentlemen Decoction), Qi Wei Bai Zhu San (Seven-Ingredient Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder), Shen Ling Bai Zhu San (Ginseng, Poria and Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder), Gui Pi Tang (Restore the Spleen Decoction), Xiao Yao San (Free Wanderer Powder), Ba Zhen Tang (Eight Treasure Decoction), Shi Quan Da Bu Tang (Ten Significant Great Tonifying Decoction), Shuang He Yin (Double Harmony Drink), Yang Rong Tang (Nourish Ying Decoction), Li Zhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction).
18. To tonify and nourish Yuan Qi (Primal Qi), use Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction), composed of Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Fu Ling (Poria), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Gan Cao (Licorice Root), Da Zao (Jujube Fruit), and Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger Rhizome). Yi Gong San (Extraordinary Efficacy Powder) regulates Qi while tonifying deficiency, which is Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) plus Chen Pi (Tangerine Peel). Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) treats Phlegm-Fluid retention due to Spleen deficiency, which is Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) plus Ju Hong (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Rubrum) and Ban Xia (Pinelliae Tuber). For vomiting due to Stomach deficiency, use Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang (Aucklandia and Amomum Six Gentlemen Decoction), which is Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) plus Huo Xiang (Patchouli Herb) and Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus). For thirst and diarrhea, use Qi Wei Bai Zhu San (Seven-Ingredient Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder), which is Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) plus Huo Xiang (Patchouli Herb), Ge Gen (Kudzu Root), and Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix). For Spleen deficiency diarrhea, use Shen Ling Bai Zhu San (Ginseng, Poria and Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder), containing Yi Yi Ren (Coicis Semen), Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix), Shan Yao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Lian Zi (Nelumbinis Semen), Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus), and Bian Dou (Vigna Semen). Overthinking damages Spleen Qi and depletes Heart Blood; treat with Gui Pi Tang (Restore the Spleen Decoction), composed of Huang Qi (Astragali Radix), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Suan Zao Ren (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen), Yuan Zhi (Polygalae Radix), Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix), combined with Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction). If Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) is removed and Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), and Bo He (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) are added, it becomes Xiao Yao San (Free Wanderer Powder), used to soothe the Liver and regulate the Spleen. Combining Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) with Si Wu Tang (Four Substance Decoction) tonifies both Qi and Blood, known as Ba Zhen Tang (Eight Treasure Decoction). Adding Huang Qi (Astragali Radix) and Rou Gui (Cinnamon Bark) creates Shi Quan Da Bu Tang (Ten Significant Great Tonifying Decoction), which greatly tonifies Qi and Blood. Removing Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Fu Ling (Poria), and Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) from Shi Quan Da Bu Tang (Ten Significant Great Tonifying Decoction) yields Shuang He Yin (Double Harmony Drink), a mild formula for tonifying Qi and Blood. Removing Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) and adding Chen Pi (Tangerine Peel) to Shi Quan Da Bu Tang (Ten Significant Great Tonifying Decoction) creates Ren Shen Yang Rong Tang (Ginseng Nourishing Ying Decoction), which specifically nourishes Ying Blood while tonifying Qi. For Spleen and Stomach deficiency-cold causing vomiting and diarrhea, use Li Zhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), which is Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) minus Fu Ling (Poria) plus Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger Rhizome).
[Note] Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) is a universal formula for tonifying deficient Yuan Qi (Primal Qi), consisting of Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Fu Ling (Poria), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), and Zhi Gan Cao (Prepared Licorice Root), with Da Zao (Jujube Fruit) and Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger Rhizome) as guides. Yi Gong San (Extraordinary Efficacy Powder) regulates Qi within the context of tonification, being Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) plus Chen Pi (Tangerine Peel). Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) treats Phlegm-Fluids arising from Spleen deficiency, being Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) plus Ju Hong (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Rubrum) and Ban Xia (Pinelliae Tuber). Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang (Aucklandia and Amomum Six Gentlemen Decoction) treats vomiting due to Stomach deficiency, being Liu Jun Zi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) plus Huo Xiang (Patchouli Herb) and Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus). Qi Wei Bai Zhu San (Seven-Ingredient Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder) treats thirst and diarrhea due to Spleen deficiency, being Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) plus Huo Xiang (Patchouli Herb), Ge Gen (Kudzu Root), and Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix). Shen Ling Bai Zhu San (Ginseng, Poria and Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder) treats diarrhea due to Spleen and Stomach deficiency, being Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) plus Yi Yi Ren (Coicis Semen), Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix), Shan Yao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Lian Zi (Nelumbinis Semen), Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus), and Bian Dou (Vigna Semen). Gui Pi Tang (Restore the Spleen Decoction) treats damage to Heart and Spleen Qi and Blood caused by overthinking, being Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) plus Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Huang Qi (Astragali Radix), Suan Zao Ren (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen), Yuan Zhi (Polygalae Radix), and Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix). Xiao Yao San (Free Wanderer Powder) soothes the Liver and regulates the Spleen, being Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) minus Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) plus Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), and Bo He (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba). Ba Zhen Tang (Eight Treasure Decoction) tonifies Blood while tonifying Qi, being Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) combined with Si Wu Tang (Four Substance Decoction). Shi Quan Da Bu Tang (Ten Significant Great Tonifying Decoction) greatly tonifies Qi and Blood, being Ba Zhen Tang (Eight Treasure Decoction) plus Huang Qi (Astragali Radix) and Rou Gui (Cinnamon Bark). Shuang He Yin (Double Harmony Drink) mildly tonifies Qi and Blood, being Shi Quan Da Bu Tang (Ten Significant Great Tonifying Decoction) minus Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Fu Ling (Poria), and Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma). Ren Shen Yang Rong Tang (Ginseng Nourishing Ying Decoction) specifically nourishes Ying Blood while tonifying Qi, being Shi Quan Da Bu Tang (Ten Significant Great Tonifying Decoction) minus Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) plus Chen Pi (Tangerine Peel). Li Zhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) treats vomiting and diarrhea due to Spleen and Stomach deficiency-cold, being Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) minus Fu Ling (Poria) plus Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger Rhizome).
Si Wu Tang (Four Substance Decoction), Gui Zhi Si Wu Tang (Cinnamon Twig Four Substance Decoction), Ma Huang Si Wu Tang (Ephedra Four Substance Decoction), Chai Hu Si Wu Tang (Bupleurum Four Substance Decoction), Yu Zhu San (Jade Candle Powder).
19. For women's Blood diseases, Si Wu Tang (Four Substance Decoction) is primarily used, composed of Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), and Shu Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata). For Blood stasis, change to Chi Shao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra); for Blood heat, easily use Sheng Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix). For exterior heat with sweating, combine with Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction); for exterior heat without sweating, combine with Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction). For Shaoyang syndrome with alternating chills and fever, combine with Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction); for Yangming heat with constipation, combine with Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang (Regulate the Stomach and Direct Downward Decoction).
[Note] Si Wu Tang (Four Substance Decoction) is a universal formula for all Blood diseases related to menstruation and childbirth in women, hence it serves as the principal formula. The formula consists of Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), and Shu Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata). In cases of Blood stasis, reduce the dosage of Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) and change to Chi Shao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra) to invigorate Blood and resolve stasis; in cases of Blood heat, remove Shu Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata) and change to Sheng Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix) to clear Heat and cool the Blood. If Wind pathogen attacks the Taiyang Wei (Defensive) level, presenting with fever and sweating, combine this formula with Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction); Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig) and Gan Cao (Licorice Root) release the exterior, named Gui Zhi Si Wu Tang (Cinnamon Twig Four Substance Decoction). If Cold pathogen injures the Taiyang Ying (Nutritive) level, presenting with fever and no sweating, combine this formula with Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction); Ma Huang (Ephedra Herb), Xing Ren (Apricot Seed), Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig), and Gan Cao (Licorice Root) induce sweating to release the exterior, named Ma Huang Si Wu Tang (Ephedra Four Substance Decoction). If pathogenic factors transmit to Shaoyang, located half-exterior and half-interior, presenting with alternating chills and fever, combine this formula with Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction); Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Tuber), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), and Gan Cao (Licorice Root) harmonize the Shaoyang, named Chai Hu Si Wu Tang (Bupleurum Four Substance Decoction). If pathogenic factors transmit to Yangming, presenting with interior Heat and constipation, combine this formula with Tiao Wei Cheng Qi Tang (Regulate the Stomach and Direct Downward Decoction); Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Po Xiao (Natrii Sulfas), and Gan Cao (Licorice Root) purge interior Heat, named Yu Zhu San (Jade Candle Powder).