橘《本草》云∶味辛，温，无毒，主胸中痴 瘕、热逆气，利水谷，下气，止呕咳，除
膀胱留热、停水，五淋，利小便。脾不能消，谷气充胸中，吐逆霍乱。止泄，去寸白，久服
去臭，下气，通神，轻身，长年。《陶景注》云∶此是说其皮功耳。其肉，味甘酸，食之令
多痰，恐非益人也。崔禹云∶食之利水谷下气。皮味辛苦，蒸可啖之。孟诜云∶皮主胸中瘕
气热逆。又云∶下气不如皮也，性虽温，甚能止渴。《吴录地志》曰∶建安郡有橘。冬月树
覆之，至明年春夏，色变为青黑，味尤绝美。《上林赋》曰∶庐橘夏熟者，色黑。朱思简曰∶
橘皮食杀虫鱼毒，啖脍必须橘皮为齑用。（和名多知波奈。）
柑子 《七卷食经》云∶味甘酸，其皮小冷，治气胜于橘皮，去积痰。崔禹云∶食之下
气，味甘酸，小冷，无毒，主胸热烦满，皮主上气烦满。孟诜云∶性寒堪食之。皮不任药用。
初未霜时亦酸，及得霜后方即甜美，故名之曰甘。和肠胃热毒，下丹石渴。食多令人肺燥冷，
中发流癖病也。马琬曰∶食之，胜橘，去积痰，兼即李衡木奴也，兼名菀云，一名金实。（
和名加牟之。）
柚《本草》云∶味辛，温，无毒，主胸中 瘕热逆气，利水谷下气，止呕咳，除膀胱留
热、停水、五淋、霍乱，止泻，去寸白，去臭，通神，长年。《苏敬注》云∶柚皮味甘，今
俗人谓橙为柚，非《吕氏春秋》曰果之美者，有云梦之柚。崔禹云∶多食之，令人有痰。孟
诜云∶味酸，不能食，可以起盘。按《七卷经》云∶味酢，皮乃可食，不入药用。（今按∶
损害物。和名由。）
干枣 《本草》云∶味甘平无毒，主心腹邪气，安中养脾，助十二经脉，平胃气，通九
窍，补少气少津，身中不足，大惊，四肢重，和百药，调中益气强力，除烦，心下悬，肠 。
久服轻身长年，神仙。又，三载陈核中人，腹痛恶气猝痉，又疗耳聋鼻塞。《七卷经》云∶
食之轻身和百药。孟诜云∶养脾气，强志。崔禹云∶食之益气力，去烦。又有猗枣，甚甘美
，大如鸡子，能益人面色，出猗氏县，故以名。朱思简曰∶味甘令热虚冷，人食之补益。〔
和名深（保）世留奈都女。〕
生枣 《本草》云∶味辛，令人热，寒热羸瘦者不可食。《陶景注》云∶大枣杀乌头毒。
崔禹云∶食生大枣者，令发人胃中热渴，蒸煮干食之益人。《膳夫经》云∶不可多食。《七卷
经》云∶常服枣核中人，百邪不干也。孟诜云∶生枣食之过多，令人腹胀，蒸煮食之，补肠
胃肌中，益气。（和名奈未之支奈都女。）
李 《本草》云∶味苦平，无毒，主除固热，调中。陶景注云∶言京口有麦李，麦秀时
熟，小而甜。崔禹云∶小冷，又临水上，食之，为蛟龙被吞之。孟诜云∶李，平，主猝下赤，
生李亦去关节间劳热，不可多食之。《七卷经》云∶味酸，熟实可食之。《神农经》云∶微温
，无毒，不可多食，令人虚。《要录》云∶李实，临水不可食，杀人。（和名须毛毛。）
杏实 《本草》云∶味酸，不可多食，伤筋骨。其两人者，杀人。《陶景注》云∶核主
咳逆上气，雷鸣，喉痹，下气。崔禹云∶理风噤及言吮，不开者为最佳，味酸大热，有毒，
不可多食。生痈疖，伤筋骨，《神农经》云∶有热人不可食，令人身热，伤神寿。《七卷经》
云∶杏仁不可多食，令人热利。孟诜云∶杏热，主咳逆，上气，金创惊痫，心下烦热，风头
病。《养生要抄》云∶治食杏仁中毒下利，烦苦方，以梅子汁解之。又方，以蓝青汁服之。（
今按∶损物。和名加良色色。）
桃实 《本草》云∶味酸，多食令人有势。其核味苦，甘平，无毒，主瘀血闭瘕邪气，
杀小虫，咳逆，消心下坚。《陶景注》云∶仙家方言，服三树桃花尽，则面色如桃花，人亦
无试之者。《神农经》曰∶饱食桃入水浴，成淋病。孟诜云∶温，桃能发诸丹石，不可食之，
生食尤损人。《七卷经》云∶桃两仁者，有毒，不可食。崔禹云∶食之令下利，益面色，养
肝气，今食桃仁忌术，非之，俗中用无害，又陈子皇啖术入霍山，霍山桃多食之，续气驻色，
至三百岁还来，面色美泽，气力如壮时。（今按，损害物。和名毛毛。）
梅实 《本草》云∶味酸，平，无毒，主下气，除热烦满，安心肢体痛，偏枯不仁，死
肌，去青黑痣恶疾，止下利好唾口干。《陶景注》云∶是今乌梅也。又，服黄精仁禁梅实。《苏
敬注》云∶利筋脉，去痹。崔禹云∶味酸，大温，主安肝心下气。《药性论》云∶黑穴服梅
花，黄连登云台。孟诜云∶食之除闷安神。《七卷经》云∶味酸平。诗云∶梅香类也。又可
含以香口也。（和名宇米。）
栗子 《本草》云∶味咸温，无毒，主益气。浓肠胃，补肾气，令人忍饥。《陶景注》
云∶有人患脚弱，往栗树下食数升便能起行，此是补肾之义也。然应生啖之。苏敬云∶作粉
胜于菱芰，嚼生者涂病，疗筋骨折碎、疼痛肿、瘀血，有效。饵孩儿令齿不生。崔禹云∶食
之益气力。《神农经》云∶食疗腰脚烦，炊食之令气拥，患风水之人尤不宜食。孟诜云∶今
有所食生栗，可于热灰中煨之。令才汗出即啖之，甚破气，不得使通熟，熟即壅气，兼名菀
云。一名撰子，一名掩子。（和名久利。）
柿 《本草》云∶味甘，无毒，寒，主通鼻耳气，肠 不足。《陶注》云∶火熏者性热，
断下。日干者性冷，生柿弥冷。《苏敬注》云∶火柿主杀毒、金火疮，生肉止痛，软熟柿解
酒热毒，止口干，押胸间热。《拾遗》云∶日干者，温补多食，去面 ，饮酒食。红柿令心
痛，直至死，亦令易醉。《陶景注》云∶解酒毒，误也。崔禹云∶味甘冷，主下痢，理痈肿、
口焦舌烂。孟诜云∶柿主通鼻耳气，补虚劳。又干柿，浓肠胃，温中消宿血。《膳夫经》云
∶不可多食，令人腹痛下利，兼名菀云，一名锦叶，一名蜜丸，一名朱实。（和名加支）
梨子 《本草》云∶味苦寒，令人寒中，金创，妇人尤不可食。《陶景注》云∶梨种殊
多，并皆冷利。俗人以为快果，不入药用，食之损人。苏敬云∶梨削贴汤火疮不烂，止痛易
瘥。又主热嗽止渴。《通玄经》云∶梨虽为五脏之刀斧，足为伤寒之妙药。崔禹云∶食之除
伤寒时行为妙药，但不可多食。《神农经》云∶味甘，无毒。不可多食，令人委困。孟诜云∶
胸中否塞热结者，可多食生梨便通。又云∶寒除客热，止心烦。又云∶猝喑失音不语者，捣
梨汁一合顿服之。又云∶猝咳，冻梨一颗，刺作五十孔，每孔中纳一粒椒，以面裹于热灰，
烧令极熟出。停冷食之。又云∶去皮割梨纳于苏中煎，冷食之。朱思简曰∶食发宿病。又凡
用梨治咳嗽，皆须持冷，候喘息，寒定食之。今愚夫以椒梨木冲气热食之，反成嗽，不可拔
救也。兼名菀云，一名紫实，一名紫KT ，一名缥蒂，一名六俗，一名含须。（今按∶损害
物。和名奈之。）
柰 《本草》云∶味苦寒，多食令人胪胀，病患尤甚。崔禹云∶除内热，无毒。孟诜云∶
益心气。鱼玄子张云∶补中焦诸不足。《广志》云∶柰有白、青、黄三种也。（今按∶损害物
。和名奈以。）
石榴 《本草》云∶味甘酸，损人，不可多食。根疗蛔虫、寸白，壳疗下痢，止漏精。
崔禹云∶不可多食，损人气，世人云∶石榴花赤赤皈皈可爱，故多植以为延年花也。孟诜云∶
温，实主谷利泄精。又云∶损齿令黑。（今按∶损害物。和名佐久吕。）
枇杷 《本草》云∶叶平，主猝 不止，下气。崔禹云∶子食之下气，止哕呕逆，味甘，
生啖益人。《七卷经》云∶味酸，食之安五脏。《膳夫经》云∶益人。孟诜云∶温，利五脏。
久食发热黄。（和名比波。）
猕猴桃 《七卷经》云∶味甘，寒，无毒，食之无损益。《拾遗》云∶味酸，温，无毒，
主骨节风。瘫缓不遂，长生变白，肉，野鸡病。一名藤梨，又名羊桃。崔禹云∶食之和中安
肝。味甘，冷，主黄胆消渴，状似枣而青黑色；一节署数十茎，茎头生实，食之利人。（和
名已久波。）
郁子 《本草》云∶味酸，平，无毒，主大腹水肿，面目四肢浮肿，利小便水道。《七
卷经》云∶食之利水道。崔禹云∶味酸，冷，未熟者有毒，食之发狂。熟者食之益人。（和
名宇倍）
通草 《本草》云∶味甘，平，无毒，主去恶虫，除脾胃寒热，通利九窍血脉关节，令
人不忘。脾痹恒欲眠，心烦，哕出音声，疗耳聋，散痈肿，诸结不消，及金疮、恶疮、鼠 ，
堕胎，去三虫。一名丁翁。《拾遗》云∶一名好手，子如算袋。崔禹云∶食之去痰水，止赤
白下利，味甘，温。（和名安介比。）
山樱桃 《七卷经》云∶味甘，平，无毒，食之无损益。或云食补心气，调中，令人好
面色。此有二种，一者白樱子，春早所荣，花白味苦，食令人头痛也。一者黑樱子，花红白，
味甜美也。伯KT 人为良果，皆云山果美者，唯黑樱子。（和名也未毛毛。）
木莲子 崔禹云∶食之安中，养肝气，味甘，酸，冷，无毒，主火烂疮，烦毒。性滑利，
叶似郁，实如 子，啖之轻身，去热气为验也。（和名伊芳太比。）
榛子 《七卷经》云∶味甘，平，食之无损益，多食令人头痛。崔禹云∶食之明目，去
三虫，味甘小涩，冷，无毒，久食轻身耐老。树似杏而实如栎子，蒸干啖之，益人气。（今
按∶损害物。和名波之波美。）
胡桃仁 《七卷经》云∶味甘，温，食之去积气。《博物志》云∶张骞使西域，还得胡
桃，故名之。崔禹云∶食之下气，味甘，小冷，无毒，主喉痹，杀白虫，令人痰动。孟诜云∶
猝不可多食，动痰饮计日月渐服食，通经络，黑人鬓发毛生，能瘥一切痔病。《千金方》云∶
不可多食，令人恶心。《拾遗》云∶味甘，平，无毒。食之令人肥健，润肤黑发，去野鸡病
。（和名久留美。）
椎子 《七卷经》云∶味甘，平，食之补益人，耐饥。去甲作屑，蒸食之，断谷胜橡子。
崔禹云∶味甘，小温，无毒，主补五脏，安中，又有枥子相似而大于椎〔（音焦）。和名之比
焦。〕
橡实 《本草》云∶味苦，微温，无毒，主下利，浓肠胃，肥健人。《七卷经》云∶味
涩，无毒，非药非谷而最益人，服之者，未能断谷。《养性要集》云∶啖橡为胜，无气而受
气，无味而受味，消食而止利，令人强健。（和名以知比，都留波美乃美。）
榧实 《本草》云∶味甘，主五痔，去三虫、蛊毒、鬼注。《陶景注》云∶食其子乃言
疗寸白，不复有余用，不入药方。《七卷经》云∶食之轻身去，腹中虫。马琬曰∶常食之者，
三虫不生也。（和名加倍乃美。）
复盆子《本草》云∶无毒，主益气，轻身，令发不白。《陶景注》云∶蓬 是根名，复
盆子是子实名，方家不用，乃昌容所服以易颜色者也。《苏敬注》云∶复盆子、蓬 一物异
名，本谓实，非根也。崔禹云∶复盆子味酸美香，主益气力，安五脏，是烈真常啖之，遂登
仙矣。（和名以知古。）
胡颓子 马琬云∶味甘，凌冬不雕，食之补益五脏之。《膳夫经》云∶食之益人者也。（和
名久美。）
甘蔗 《本草》云∶味甘，平，无毒，主下气，和中，补脾气，利大肠。崔禹云∶食之
下气，小冷。广州大种，经二三年乃生，高硕如竹而过于二三丈。取其汁以为沙糖，甚理风
痹，益面色。（和名久美。）
蒲陶 《本草》云∶味甘，平，无毒，主筋骨湿痹，益气，倍力，强志，令人肥健，忍
风寒久食，轻身，不老，延年。《陶景注》云∶魏国使人 来，状如五味子而甘美，北国人
多肥健耐寒，盖食斯乎。不植淮南亦如橘之变于河北矣。崔禹云∶食之益气力，除风冷，味
甘，小冷，益面色。孟诜云∶食之治肠间水，调中。其子不堪多食，令人猝烦闷。《七卷经》
云∶味甘，平，可作酒，逐水，利小便。《广志》云∶蒲陶有黄、白、黑三种也。（和名衣美
。）
桑椹 《本草》云∶苏敬曰∶味甘，寒，无毒，单食主消渴。《七卷经》云∶桑椹，《汉
武传》曰∶西王母神仙上上药。有扶桑丹所谓椹也。孟诜云∶性微寒，食之补五脏，耳目聪
明，利关节，和经脉，通血气，益精神。（和名久波乃美。）
薯蓣 《本草》云∶味甘，温经，平，无毒，主伤中，补虚羸，除寒热邪气，补中益气
力。长肌肉，主头面游风、风头、目眩，下气，止腰痛，充五脏，强阴，久服耳目聪明，轻
身，不饥，延年。一名山芋，秦楚名玉延，郑越名土 。《陶景注》云∶食之以充粮。《苏敬
注》云∶日干，捣筛，为粉，食之大美。崔禹云∶食之长肌肉，强阴气。《七卷经》云∶食
之益气力，充五脏。《膳夫经》云∶补中强阴，兼名菀云，一名 KT （薯蓣二音）一名延
草。《杂要诀》云∶一名王 。（和名也未都伊芳毛。）
橘：《本草经》记载：味辛，性温，无毒。主治胸中痞块、瘕积，以及气逆发热，通利水谷，降气，止呕咳，清除膀胱余热、停饮，治疗五淋，通利小便。若脾虚不能运化，导致谷气充塞胸中，引起呕吐、霍乱。可止泻，去除寸白虫（肠道寄生虫），长期服用可去口臭，降气，通神志，身体轻健，延年益寿。陶弘景注解说：这是说橘皮的功效。橘肉味甘酸，食用会生痰，恐怕对人无益。崔禹说：食用可利水谷、降气。橘皮味辛苦，蒸熟后可吃。孟诜说：橘皮主治胸中瘕气、热逆。又说：降气功效不如橘皮，虽然性温，但很能止渴。《吴录·地志》记载：建安郡产橘。冬天覆盖树木，到第二年春夏，颜色变为青黑，味道尤其绝美。《上林赋》说：夏天成熟的庐橘，颜色黑。朱思简说：橘皮食用可杀虫、解鱼毒，吃生鱼片时必须用橘皮做调料。（日本名：多知波奈。）
柑子：《七卷食经》记载：味甘酸，其皮微寒，治气功效优于橘皮，可去除积痰。崔禹说：食用可降气，味甘酸，微寒，无毒，主治胸热烦闷，皮主治上气烦满。孟诜说：性寒可食用。皮不适宜入药。初霜前也酸，等到受霜后才甜美，所以叫甘。调和肠胃热毒，缓解丹石类药物引起的口渴。多吃使人肺燥冷，引发流癖病。马琬说：食用胜过橘，去积痰，也就是李衡所说的“木奴”，又名菀云，一名金实。（日本名：加牟之。）
柚：《本草经》记载：味辛，性温，无毒，主治胸中痞块、热逆气，利水谷降气，止呕咳，除膀胱余热、停水、五淋、霍乱，止泻，去寸白虫，去口臭，通神，延年。苏敬注说：柚皮味甘，现在俗人把橙称为柚，这不是《吕氏春秋》里说的果之美者——云梦之柚。崔禹说：多吃令人有痰。孟诜说：味酸，不能直接吃，可以用来起盘（制作菜肴）。按《七卷经》说：味酸，皮才可吃，不入药用。（今按：损害之物。日本名：由。）
干枣：《本草经》记载：味甘平，无毒，主治心腹邪气，安中养脾，助十二经脉，平胃气，通九窍，补少气少津，身体虚弱，大惊，四肢沉重，调和百药，调中益气强力，除烦，心下悬痛，肠鸣。长期服用轻身延年，如神仙。另外，三年陈的枣核仁，主治腹痛、恶气突发痉挛，又治耳聋鼻塞。《七卷经》说：食用可轻身调和百药。孟诜说：养脾气，强意志。崔禹说：食用益气力，去烦。还有猗枣，非常甘美，大如鸡蛋，能益人面色，出自猗氏县，因此得名。朱思简说：味甘令热虚冷之人食用可补益。（日本名：深世留奈都女。）
生枣：《本草经》说：味辛，令人发热，寒热羸瘦者不可食。陶弘景注说：大枣杀乌头毒。崔禹说：吃生大枣，会让人胃中发热口渴，蒸煮后干吃有益人。《膳夫经》说：不可多吃。《七卷经》说：常服枣核仁，百邪不干。孟诜说：生枣吃多了令人腹胀，蒸煮吃，补肠胃肌肉，益气。（日本名：奈未之支奈都女。）
李：《本草经》说：味苦平，无毒，主治除固热，调中。陶弘景注说：京口有麦李，麦子秀穗时成熟，小而甜。崔禹说：微寒，又在临水处生长，吃了会被蛟龙吞食。孟诜说：李性平，主治突然下赤痢，生李也可去关节间劳热，不可多吃。《七卷经》说：味酸，成熟果实可吃。《神农经》说：微温，无毒，不可多吃，令人虚。《要录》说：李子临水不可吃，杀人。（日本名：须毛毛。）
杏实：《本草经》说：味酸，不可多吃，伤筋骨。双仁的杏仁，杀人。陶弘景注说：核仁主治咳逆上气，雷鸣（肠鸣），喉痹，降气。崔禹说：治风痉及言语困难，不开口者为最佳，味酸大热，有毒，不可多吃。生痈疖，伤筋骨，《神农经》说：有热的人不可吃，令人身热，伤神折寿。《七卷经》说：杏仁不可多吃，令人热利。孟诜说：杏热，主治咳逆，上气，金创惊痫，心下烦热，风头病。《养生要抄》说：治食杏仁中毒下利烦苦方，用梅子汁解之。另一法，用蓝青汁服用。（今按：损害物。日本名：加良色色。）
桃实：《本草经》说：味酸，多吃令人有力气。其核味苦，甘平，无毒，主治瘀血闭瘕邪气，杀小虫，咳逆，消心下坚结。陶弘景注说：仙家方言，吃尽三棵树的桃花，则面色如桃花，也没人试过。《神农经》说：饱食桃后入水洗澡，成淋病。孟诜说：温，桃能发诸丹石，不可吃，生吃更损人。《七卷经》说：桃两仁者，有毒，不可吃。崔禹说：吃之下利，益面色，养肝气，现在吃桃仁忌术，不对，俗中用无害，又有陈子皇吃术进入霍山，霍山桃多吃，续气驻色，至三百岁还来，面色美泽，气力如壮时。（今按：损害物。日本名：毛毛。）
梅实：《本草经》说：味酸，平，无毒，主治下气，除热烦满，安心肢体痛，偏枯不仁，死肌，去青黑痣恶疾，止下利好唾口干。陶弘景注说：就是现在的乌梅。另外，服黄精仁禁食梅实。苏敬注说：利筋脉，去痹。崔禹说：味酸，大温，主治安肝心下气。《药性论》说：黑穴服梅花，黄连登云台。孟诜说：吃之除闷安神。《七卷经》说：味酸平。诗说：梅香类也。又可含以香口。（日本名：宇米。）
栗子：《本草经》说：味咸温，无毒，主益气。厚肠胃，补肾气，令人忍饥。陶弘景注说：有人患脚弱，往栗树下吃几升就能行走，这是补肾的意思。然而应生吃。苏敬说：做成粉胜于菱角，嚼生者涂患处，疗筋骨折碎、疼痛肿、瘀血，有效。喂小孩令牙齿不生。崔禹说：吃之益气力。《神农经》说：食疗腰脚烦，炊食之气壅，患风水的人尤其不宜吃。孟诜说：现在有所食生栗，可在热灰中煨之。刚出汗就吃，甚破气，不得使全熟，熟则壅气，又名菀云。一名撰子，一名掩子。（日本名：久利。）
柿：《本草经》说：味甘，无毒，寒，主治通鼻耳气，肠虚不足。陶注说：火熏者性热，断下（止泻）。日干者性冷，生柿更冷。苏敬注说：火柿主杀毒、金火疮，生肉止痛，软熟柿解酒热毒，止口干，押胸间热。《拾遗》说：日干者，温补多食，去面皯，饮酒食。红柿令心痛，直至死，亦令易醉。陶弘景注说：解酒毒，误也。崔禹说：味甘冷，主下痢，理痈肿、口焦舌烂。孟诜说：柿主通鼻耳气，补虚劳。又干柿，厚肠胃，温中消宿血。《膳夫经》说：不可多吃，令人腹痛下利，兼名菀云，一名锦叶，一名蜜丸，一名朱实。（日本名：加支。）
梨子：《本草经》说：味苦寒，令人寒中，金创，妇人尤不可食。陶注说：梨种殊多，并皆冷利。俗人以为快果，不入药用，食之损人。苏敬说：梨削贴汤火疮不烂，止痛易瘥。又主热嗽止渴。《通玄经》说：梨虽为五脏之刀斧，足为伤寒之妙药。崔禹说：吃之除伤寒时行为妙药，但不可多吃。《神农经》说：味甘，无毒。不可多吃，令人委困。孟诜说：胸中否塞热结者，可多吃生梨便通。又说：寒除客热，止心烦。又说：猝喑失音不语者，捣梨汁一合顿服之。又说：猝咳，冻梨一颗，刺作五十孔，每孔中纳一粒椒，以面裹于热灰，烧令极熟出。停冷食之。又说：去皮割梨纳于苏中煎，冷食之。朱思简说：食发宿病。又凡用梨治咳嗽，皆须持冷，候喘息，寒定食之。今愚夫以椒梨木冲气热食之，反成嗽，不可拔救也。兼名菀云，一名紫实，一名紫KT，一名缥蒂，一名六俗，一名含须。（今按：损害物。日本名：奈之。）
柰：《本草经》说：味苦寒，多吃令人胪胀，病患尤甚。崔禹说：除内热，无毒。孟诜说：益心气。鱼玄子张说：补中焦诸不足。《广志》说：柰有白、青、黄三种也。（今按：损害物。日本名：奈以。）
石榴：《本草经》说：味甘酸，损人，不可多吃。根疗蛔虫、寸白，壳疗下痢，止漏精。崔禹说：不可多吃，损人气，世人说：石榴花赤赤皈皈可爱，故多植以为延年花也。孟诜说：温，实主谷利泄精。又说：损齿令黑。（今按：损害物。日本名：佐久吕。）
枇杷：《本草经》说：叶平，主治猝咳不止，下气。崔禹说：子食之下气，止哕呕逆，味甘，生啖益人。《七卷经》说：味酸，食之安五脏。《膳夫经》说：益人。孟诜说：温，利五脏。久食发热黄。（日本名：比波。）
猕猴桃：《七卷经》说：味甘，寒，无毒，食之无损益。《拾遗》说：味酸，温，无毒，主治骨节风。瘫缓不遂，长生变白，肉，野鸡病。一名藤梨，又名羊桃。崔禹说：吃之和中安肝。味甘，冷，主黄疸消渴，状似枣而青黑色；一节署数十茎，茎头生实，食之利人。（日本名：已久波。）
郁子：《本草经》说：味酸，平，无毒，主治大腹水肿，面目四肢浮肿，利小便水道。《七卷经》说：食之利水道。崔禹说：味酸，冷，未熟者有毒，食之发狂。熟者食之益人。（日本名：宇倍）
通草：《本草经》说：味甘，平，无毒，主治去恶虫，除脾胃寒热，通利九窍血脉关节，令人不忘。脾痹恒欲眠，心烦，哕出音声，疗耳聋，散痈肿，诸结不消，及金疮、恶疮、鼠瘘，堕胎，去三虫。一名丁翁。《拾遗》说：一名好手，子如算袋。崔禹说：吃之去痰水，止赤白下利，味甘，温。（日本名：安介比。）
山樱桃：《七卷经》说：味甘，平，无毒，食之无损益。或云食补心气，调中，令人好面色。此有二种，一者白樱子，春早所荣，花白味苦，食令人头痛也。一者黑樱子，花红白，味甜美也。伯KT人为良果，皆云山果美者，唯黑樱子。（日本名：也未毛毛。）
木莲子：崔禹说：吃之安中，养肝气，味甘，酸，冷，无毒，主治火烂疮，烦毒。性滑利，叶似郁，实如 子，吃之轻身，去热气为验也。（日本名：伊芳太比。）
榛子：《七卷经》说：味甘，平，食之无损益，多吃令人头痛。崔禹说：吃之明目，去三虫，味甘小涩，冷，无毒，久食轻身耐老。树似杏而实如栎子，蒸干吃之，益人气。（今按：损害物。日本名：波之波美。）
胡桃仁：《七卷经》说：味甘，温，吃之去积气。《博物志》说：张骞使西域，还得胡桃，故名之。崔禹说：吃之下气，味甘，小冷，无毒，主治喉痹，杀白虫，令人痰动。孟诜说：猝不可多吃，动痰饮计日月渐服食，通经络，黑人鬓发毛生，能瘥一切痔病。《千金方》说：不可多吃，令人恶心。《拾遗》说：味甘，平，无毒。吃之令人肥健，润肤黑发，去野鸡病。（日本名：久留美。）
椎子：《七卷经》说：味甘，平，吃之补益人，耐饥。去甲作屑，蒸食之，断谷胜橡子。崔禹说：味甘，小温，无毒，主治补五脏，安中，又有枥子相似而大于椎〔（音焦）。日本名：之比焦。〕
橡实：《本草经》说：味苦，微温，无毒，主治下利，厚肠胃，肥健人。《七卷经》说：味涩，无毒，非药非谷而最益人，服之者，未能断谷。《养性要集》说：吃橡为胜，无气而受气，无味而受味，消食而止利，令人强健。（日本名：以知比，都留波美乃美。）
榧实：《本草经》说：味甘，主治五痔，去三虫、蛊毒、鬼注。陶注说：吃其子乃言疗寸白，不复有余用，不入药方。《七卷经》说：吃之轻身去，腹中虫。马琬说：常食之者，三虫不生也。（日本名：加倍乃美。）
复盆子：《本草经》说：无毒，主治益气，轻身，令发不白。陶注说：蓬 是根名，复盆子是子实名，方家不用，乃昌容所服以易颜色者也。苏敬注说：复盆子、蓬 一物异名，本谓实，非根也。崔禹说：复盆子味酸美香，主治益气力，安五脏，是烈真常啖之，遂登仙矣。（日本名：以知古。）
胡颓子：马琬说：味甘，凌冬不雕，吃之补益五脏之。《膳夫经》说：吃之益人者也。（日本名：久美。）
甘蔗：《本草经》说：味甘，平，无毒，主治下气，和中，补脾气，利大肠。崔禹说：吃之下气，小冷。广州大种，经二三年乃生，高硕如竹而过于二三丈。取其汁以为沙糖，甚理风湿，益面色。（日本名：久美。）
蒲陶：《本草经》说：味甘，平，无毒，主治筋骨湿痹，益气，倍力，强志，令人肥健，忍风寒久食，轻身，不老，延年。陶注说：魏国使人 来，状如五味子而甘美，北国人多肥健耐寒，盖食斯乎。不植淮南亦如橘之变于河北矣。崔禹说：吃之益气力，除风冷，味甘，小冷，益面色。孟诜说：吃之治肠间水，调中。其子不堪多吃，令人猝烦闷。《七卷经》说：味甘，平，可作酒，逐水，利小便。《广志》说：蒲陶有黄、白、黑三种也。（日本名：衣美。）
桑椹：《本草经》说：苏敬说：味甘，寒，无毒，单食主治消渴。《七卷经》说：桑椹，《汉武传》说：西王母神仙上上药。有扶桑丹所谓椹也。孟诜说：性微寒，吃之补五脏，耳目聪明，利关节，和经脉，通血气，益精神。（日本名：久波乃美。）
薯蓣：《本草经》说：味甘，温经，平，无毒，主治伤中，补虚羸，除寒热邪气，补中益气力。长肌肉，主治头面游风、风头、目眩，下气，止腰痛，充五脏，强阴，久服耳目聪明，轻身，不饥，延年。一名山芋，秦楚名玉延，郑越名土 。陶注说：吃之以充粮。苏敬注说：日干，捣筛，为粉，食之大美。崔禹说：吃之长肌肉，强阴气。《七卷经》说：吃之益气力，充五脏。《膳夫经》说：补中强阴，兼名菀云，一名 KT （薯蓣二音）一名延草。《杂要诀》说：一名王 。（日本名：也未都伊芳毛。）
Citrus reticulata (Orange/Tangerine): The *Bencao* states: Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats chest obstruction, masses, and hernia-like accumulations (*jia*), heat with rebellious Qi, promotes the digestion of water and grain, directs Qi downward, stops vomiting and coughing, clears residual heat and fluid retention in the Bladder, treats the five types of strangury (*wulin*), and promotes urination. If the Spleen fails to transform food, causing grain Qi to fill the chest, leading to vomiting and cholera-like disorder, it can stop diarrhea and expel *Cestoda* (tapeworms). Long-term consumption removes bad breath, directs Qi downward, calms the spirit, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Tao Hongjing's annotation notes: This describes the efficacy of the peel. The flesh is sweet and sour; consuming it generates phlegm and may not be beneficial. Cui Yu states: Consuming it promotes digestion and directs Qi downward. The peel is pungent and bitter; it can be steamed and eaten. Meng Shen states: The peel treats chest masses, Qi stagnation, and heat rebellion. He adds: Directing Qi downward is less effective than using the peel; although warm, it effectively quenches thirst. *Wu Lu Dizhi* records: Citrus grows in Jian'an Commandery. Trees are covered in winter; by spring and summer, the color turns dark green-black, and the taste is exceptionally fine. The *Shanglin Fu* mentions: Lu citrus ripens in summer and is black. Zhu Simian states: Citrus peel kills parasites and detoxifies fish poison; it must be used as a condiment when eating raw fish. (Japanese name: Tachibana.)
Kumquat/Citrus nobilis: The *Seven-Volume Dietary Classic* states: Sweet and sour in flavor; its peel is slightly cold. It treats Qi disorders more effectively than orange peel and removes accumulated phlegm. Cui Yu states: Consuming it directs Qi downward; sweet and sour, slightly cold, non-toxic. It treats chest heat and fullness; the peel treats upper Qi rebellion and fullness. Meng Shen states: Cold in nature, edible. The peel is unsuitable for medicinal use. Sour before frost, it becomes sweet after frost, hence named "Gan" (Sweet). It harmonizes stomach and intestinal heat toxins and relieves thirst caused by mineral drugs. Excessive consumption causes lung dryness and cold, triggering flowing masses. Ma Wan states: Eating it surpasses oranges in removing accumulated phlegm; also known as Li Heng's "Wood Slave," or Wanyun, also called Jinshi. (Japanese name: Kamumu.)
Pomelo: The *Bencao* states: Pungent, warm, non-toxic. Treats chest masses, heat with rebellious Qi, promotes digestion of water and grain, directs Qi downward, stops vomiting and coughing, clears residual heat and fluid retention in the Bladder, treats the five stranguries, cholera, diarrhea, tapeworms, bad breath, calms the spirit, and prolongs life. Su Jing's annotation notes: Pomelo peel is sweet. Currently, people confuse pomelo with sweet orange; this is not the "You from Yunmeng" mentioned in the *Lüshi Chunqiu*. Cui Yu states: Excessive consumption generates phlegm. Meng Shen states: Sour, inedible directly, but can be used for dishes. According to the *Seven-Volume Classic*: Sour in flavor, only the peel is edible, not used medicinally. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: Yuzu.)
Dried Jujube (Red Date): The *Bencao* states: Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Treats evil Qi in the heart and abdomen, calms the middle, nourishes the Spleen, assists the twelve meridians, balances Stomach Qi, opens the nine orifices, supplements deficient Qi and fluids, addresses bodily deficiency, severe fright, heavy limbs, harmonizes hundred herbs, regulates the middle to boost Qi and strength, removes irritability, subdues hanging pain under the heart, and intestinal rumbling. Long-term consumption lightens the body, prolongs life, and is like being an immortal. Additionally, three-year-old stored jujube kernels treat abdominal pain, sudden spasms due to evil Qi, deafness, and nasal congestion. The *Seven-Volume Classic* states: Consumption lightens the body and harmonizes hundred herbs. Meng Shen states: Nourishes Spleen Qi, strengthens willpower. Cui Yu states: Boosts energy, removes irritability. There is also "Yi Zao," very sweet, egg-sized, improves complexion, originating from Yishi County. Zhu Simian states: Sweet flavor benefits those with heat-induced deficiency-cold. (Japanese name: Fukase no Tsuno.)
Fresh Jujube: The *Bencao* states: Pungent, causes heat; those with chills/fever and emaciation should not eat it. Tao Hongjing notes: Large jujubes detoxify Aconite. Cui Yu states: Eating fresh jujubes causes stomach heat and thirst; steaming and drying them makes them beneficial. The *Shanfu Jing* states: Do not eat excessively. The *Seven-Volume Classic* states: Regularly consuming jujube kernels prevents invasion by hundred evils. Meng Shen states: Excessive fresh jujube consumption causes abdominal distension; steamed/dried ones tonify intestinal and stomach muscles and boost Qi. (Japanese name: Nameshitsuna.)
Plum: The *Bencao* states: Bitter and neutral, non-toxic. Clears persistent heat, regulates the middle. Tao Hongjing notes: Jingkou has wheat plums, ripening when wheat ears emerge, small and sweet. Cui Yu states: Slightly cold; growing near water, eating them risks being swallowed by dragons. Meng Shen states: Neutral, treats sudden bloody dysentery; fresh plums remove joint劳热 (labor heat), but do not eat excessively. The *Seven-Volume Classic* states: Sour, ripe fruit is edible. The *Shennong Classic* states: Slightly warm, non-toxic, do not eat excessively as it causes deficiency. The *Yaolu* states: Plums near water are poisonous and can kill. (Japanese name: Sumomomo.)
Apricot Fruit: The *Bencao* states: Sour, do not eat excessively as it damages sinews and bones. Double-kernel apricots are lethal. Tao Hongjing notes: Kernels treat cough with rebellious Qi, borborygmus, throat obstruction, and direct Qi downward. Cui Yu states: Treats wind-lockjaw and speech difficulties; best when unopened, sour and hot, toxic, do not eat excessively. Causes carbuncles, damages sinews/bones. The *Shennong Classic* states: Those with heat should not eat it, as it causes body heat and shortens life. The *Seven-Volume Classic* states: Apricot kernels cause heat-type diarrhea if eaten excessively. Meng Shen states: Apricots are hot, treat cough/rebellious Qi, traumatic injuries with convulsions, subcardiac heat, and head wind diseases. The *Yangsheng Yaochao* states: To treat apricot kernel poisoning with diarrhea and distress, use plum juice. Alternatively, use Isatis leaf juice. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: Karashiro.)
Peach Fruit: The *Bencao* states: Sour, excessive consumption gives one vigor. The kernel is bitter, sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Treats blood stasis, closed masses, evil Qi, kills small parasites, cough with rebellious Qi, and dissipates subcardiac hardness. Tao Hongjing notes: Immortal lore says eating peach blossoms from three trees makes the face rosy like a peach, though no one has tried it. The *Shennong Classic* states: Bathing in water after a full meal of peaches causes strangury. Meng Shen states: Warm; peaches trigger mineral drug reactions and should be avoided, especially raw. The *Seven-Volume Classic* states: Peaches with two kernels are toxic and inedible. Cui Yu states: Causes diarrhea, improves complexion, nourishes Liver Qi. Current taboo against pairing peach kernels with Atractylodes is incorrect; common use is harmless. Chen Zihuang ate Atractylodes in Huoshan, where many peaches grew; continuous consumption extended life to 300 years, maintaining youthful appearance and strength. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: Momo.)
Plum Fruit (Ume): The *Bencao* states: Sour, neutral, non-toxic. Directs Qi downward, removes heat and irritability, calms the body, treats hemiplegia/numbness, dead flesh, removes dark spots/malignant diseases, stops diarrhea with excessive saliva and dry mouth. Tao Hongjing notes: This refers to current Smoked Plum (Wumei). Also, while taking Polygonatum, avoid Ume. Su Jing notes: Benefits sinews and vessels, removes bi-syndrome. Cui Yu states: Sour, very warm, calms Liver/Heart and directs Qi downward. *Yaoxing Lun* mentions obscure verses. Meng Shen states: Removes oppression, calms the spirit. The *Seven-Volume Classic* states: Sour and neutral. Poetry says: Plum fragrance is unique. Can be held in mouth to freshen breath. (Japanese name: Umegi.)
Chestnut: The *Bencao* states: Salty and warm, non-toxic. Boosts Qi, thickens intestines/stomach, tonifies Kidney Qi, increases satiety. Tao Hongjing notes: Someone with weak legs walked after eating several liters under a chestnut tree, demonstrating Kidney tonification. Should be eaten raw. Su Jing states: Powdered form beats water chestnuts; raw paste applied heals fractures, swelling, bruising. Feeding to infants delays tooth eruption. Cui Yu states: Boosts energy. The *Shennong Classic* states: Food therapy for waist/leg discomfort; cooking causes Qi stagnation; Wind-Water patients should avoid it. Meng Shen states: Roast fresh chestnuts in hot ashes until sweating, then eat immediately; this breaks Qi strongly. Do not cook thoroughly, as cooked forms stagnate Qi. Also called Wanyun, Zhuanzi, Yanzi. (Japanese name: Kurumi.)
Persimmon: The *Bencao* states: Sweet, non-toxic, cold. Opens nose/ear Qi, treats intestinal insufficiency. Tao's note: Fire-dried ones are hot and stop diarrhea; sun-dried are cold; fresh persimmons are colder. Su Jing notes: Fire-dried persimmons detoxify poisons/gold-fire sores, raw meat stops pain; soft ripe persimmons resolve alcohol heat/toxins, stop dry mouth, suppress chest heat. *Shiyi* states: Sun-dried ones are warm-tonic; excessive eating removes facial spots but causes heart pain/death when combined with alcohol. Persimmons make one drunk easily. Tao Hongjing notes: Detoxifying alcohol is a mistake. Cui Yu states: Sweet and cold, treats dysentery, abscesses, scorched tongue/mouth ulcers. Meng Shen states: Opens nose/ear Qi, tonifies deficiency. Dried persimmons thicken intestines/stomach, warm middle, digest old blood. *Shanfu Jing* states: Do not eat excessively; causes abdominal pain/diarrhea. Also called Wanyun, Jinye, Miwan, Zhushi. (Japanese name: Kashi.)
Pear: The *Bencao* states: Bitter and cold, causes cold in the center; contraindicated for trauma and women. Tao's note: Many varieties, all cold/purgative. Commoners view them as refreshing fruits, not medicine; they harm the body. Su Jing states: Pear slices on burns/boils stop pain and heal quickly. Treats heat-cough and quenches thirst. *Tongxuan Jing* states: Though "knives and axes of the five zang," pears are excellent for Shanghan. Cui Yu states: Excellent for seasonal fevers, but do not eat excessively. The *Shennong Classic* states: Sweet, non-toxic, do not eat excessively as it causes fatigue. Meng Shen states: For chest blockage/heat accumulation, eat raw pear to promote bowel movement. Removes pathogenic heat, stops heart vexation. For sudden aphonia, drink one cup of fresh pear juice at once. For sudden cough, pierce a frozen pear fifty times, insert a peppercorn in each hole, wrap in dough, roast in hot ashes until very熟, cool, and eat. Or peel, slice, simmer in butter, and eat cold. Zhu Simian states: Triggers latent diseases. Generally, for cough, eat cold pear after breathing stabilizes. Fools eating hot pepper-pear mixtures worsen coughs irreparably. Also called Wanyun, Zishi, Zi KT, Piaodi, Liusu, Hanshu. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: Nashi.)
Apple (Na): The *Bencao* states: Bitter and cold, excessive consumption causes abdominal distension, worse for patients. Cui Yu states: Removes internal heat, non-toxic. Meng Shen states: Benefits Heart Qi. Zhang Xuan states: Tonifies middle Jiao deficiencies. *Guangzhi* states: Na comes in white, green, and yellow varieties. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: Nai.)
Pomegranate: The *Bencao* states: Sweet and sour, harmful, do not eat excessively. Roots treat roundworms/tapeworms; shells treat dysentery and seminal leakage. Cui Yu states: Do not eat excessively as it depletes Qi. People plant pomegranate flowers for longevity due to their beauty. Meng Shen states: Warm; fruit treats grain-type diarrhea and seminal loss. Damages teeth, turning them black. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: Zakuro.)
Loquat: The *Bencao* states: Leaves are neutral, treat sudden persistent cough, direct Qi downward. Cui Yu states: Seeds direct Qi downward, stop hiccups/vomiting, sweet, raw consumption is beneficial. The *Seven-Volume Classic* states: Sour, calms five zang. *Shanfu Jing* states: Beneficial. Meng Shen states: Warm, benefits five zang. Long-term consumption causes heat and jaundice. (Japanese name: Biwa.)
Kiwi: The *Seven-Volume Classic* states: Sweet, cold, non-toxic, neutral effect. *Shiyi* states: Sour, warm, non-toxic, treats joint wind, paralysis, whitening hair, flesh diseases, wild chicken disease. Also called Tengli, Yangtao. Cui Yu states: Harmonizes middle, calms Liver. Sweet and cold, treats jaundice and thirst. Resembles dates, dark green-black; clusters grow on stems; beneficial to eat. (Japanese name: Harinaga.)
Verbenaceae Fruit (Yu Zi): The *Bencao* states: Sour, neutral, non-toxic, treats massive abdominal edema, facial/limb swelling, promotes urination. The *Seven-Volume Classic* states: Promotes water pathways. Cui Yu states: Sour and cold; unripe is toxic, causes madness; ripe is beneficial. (Japanese name: Ubai.)
Tong Cao: The *Bencao* states: Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Expels evil insects, removes Spleen/Stomach cold/heat, opens nine orifices/vessels/joints, prevents forgetfulness. Treats Spleen bi with drowsiness, heart vexation, noisy hiccups, deafness, disperses abscesses/unresolved knots, traumatic wounds, malignant sores, rat bites, induces abortion, expels three parasites. Also called Dingweng. *Shiyi* states: Also called Haoshou, seeds like coin purses. Cui Yu states: Removes phlegm-water, stops bloody/white dysentery, sweet and warm. (Japanese name: Anjaibi.)
Mountain Cherry: The *Seven-Volume Classic* states: Sweet, neutral, non-toxic, neutral effect. Some say it tonifies Heart Qi, regulates middle, improves complexion. Two types: White cherry blooms early, white flowers, bitter taste, causes headache; Black cherry has red-white flowers, sweet taste. Boqi people consider it a fine fruit; mountain fruits' best is the black cherry. (Japanese name: Yamazakura.)
Water Chestnut (Molianzi): Cui Yu states: Calms middle, nourishes Liver Qi, sweet/sour/cold, non-toxic, treats fire-sores and toxic heat. Slippery nature, leaves resemble Verbenaceae, fruits like... eating lightens the body and removes heat. (Japanese name: Ihaba.)
Hazelnut: The *Seven-Volume Classic* states: Sweet, neutral, neutral effect, excessive consumption causes headache. Cui Yu states: Brightens eyes, expels parasites, sweet/astringent/cold, non-toxic, long-term consumption lightens body and resists aging. Tree resembles apricot, nuts like acorns; steamed/dried, boosts Qi. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: Namako.)
Walnut Kernel: The *Seven-Volume Classic* states: Sweet, warm, removes accumulated Qi. *Bowuzhi* states: Zhang Qian brought walnuts from Western Regions, hence the name. Cui Yu states: Directs Qi downward, sweet/slightly cold, non-toxic, treats throat obstruction, kills white worms, generates phlegm. Meng Shen states: Do not eat suddenly/excessively as it moves phlegm-fluid; gradual daily consumption unblocks collaterals, darkens hair/beard, cures all hemorrhoids. *Qianjin Fang* states: Do not eat excessively, causes nausea. *Shiyi* states: Sweet, neutral, non-toxic, makes one fat/strong, moistens skin/hair, removes wild chicken disease. (Japanese name: Kurumi.)
Acorn (Chizi): The *Seven-Volume Classic* states: Sweet, neutral, tonifying, satiating. Shelled and steamed, it surpasses oak acorns for fasting. Cui Yu states: Sweet/slightly warm, non-toxic, tonifies five zang, calms middle. Similar to Oak but larger. (Japanese name: Chichi.)
Oak Acorn: The *Bencao* states: Bitter, slightly warm, non-toxic, treats diarrhea, thickens intestines/stomach, makes one fat/strong. The *Seven-Volume Classic* states: Astringent, non-toxic, most beneficial despite not being medicine/grain, though cannot sustain fasting alone. *Yangxing Yaoji* states: Eating oaks is superior; absorbs Qi/flavor without adding them, digests food, stops diarrhea, strengthens the body. (Japanese name: Ichibi, Tarubami.)
Torreya Seed: The *Bencao* states: Sweet, treats five hemorrhoids, expels three parasites, gu-poison, ghost-infection. Tao's note: Seeds treat tapeworms, no other uses, not in formulas. The *Seven-Volume Classic* states: Lightens body, removes abdominal worms. Ma Wan states: Regular consumption prevents parasite growth. (Japanese name: Kaikaimi.)
Rubus Chingii (Fupenzi): The *Bencao* states: Non-toxic, boosts Qi, lightens body, prevents graying hair. Tao's note: Penglan is the root; Fupenzi is the fruit. Practitioners don't use it, but Changrong used it to change complexion. Su Jing notes: Fupenzi and Penglan are different names for the same thing, originally referring to the fruit, not root. Cui Yu states: Sour/sweet/aromatic, boosts Qi, calms five zang; Lie Zhen ate it regularly and ascended to immortality. (Japanese name: Achigo.)
Pyracantha: Ma Wan states: Sweet, evergreen, tonifies five zang. *Shanfu Jing* states: Beneficial. (Japanese name: Kubimi.)
Sugarcane: The *Bencao* states: Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Directs Qi downward, harmonizes middle, tonifies Spleen Qi, benefits large intestine. Cui Yu states: Directs Qi downward, slightly cold. Guangzhou variety takes 2-3 years to grow, tall like bamboo. Juice made into sugar treats wind-bi, improves complexion. (Japanese name: Sakana.)
Grape: The *Bencao* states: Sweet, neutral, non-toxic. Treats sinus/joint damp-bi, boosts Qi, doubles strength, strengthens will, makes one fat/strong, withstands wind/cold, long-term consumption lightens body, prevents aging, prolongs life. Tao's note: Wei envoys brought grapes resembling Schisandra but sweeter; northerners are strong/cold-resistant likely due to eating them. Like citrus changing north of Huai River. Cui Yu states: Boosts Qi, removes wind-cold, sweet/slightly cold, improves complexion. Meng Shen states: Treats intestinal water, regulates middle. Seeds cause sudden vexation if eaten excessively. The *Seven-Volume Classic* states: Sweet/neutral, can make wine, drives out water, promotes urination. *Guangzhi* states: Grapes come in yellow, white, black varieties. (Japanese name: Budou.)
Mulberry Fruit: The *Bencao* states: Su Jing says: Sweet, cold, non-toxic, single consumption treats diabetes. The *Seven-Volume Classic* cites *Han Wu Zhuan*: West Queen Mother's immortal supreme medicine. Mulberry fruit. Meng Shen states: Slightly cold, tonifies five zang, brightens eyes/ears, benefits joints, harmonizes meridians, circulates blood/Qi, boosts spirit. (Japanese name: Kuwano.)
Dioscorea Opposita (Yam): The *Bencao* states: Sweet, warms meridians, neutral, non-toxic. Treats middle injury, tonifies deficiency, removes cold/heat evil Qi, boosts middle Qi/strength. Grows muscle, treats wandering wind on head/face, dizziness, directs Qi downward, stops lower back pain, fills five zang, strengthens Yin. Long-term consumption brightens eyes/ears, lightens body, reduces hunger, prolongs life. Also called Shanyu, Yuyan (Qin/Chu), Tuyu (Zheng/Yue). Tao's note: Used for sustenance. Su Jing notes: Sun-dried, powdered, delicious. Cui Yu states: Grows muscle, strengthens Yin Qi. The *Seven-Volume Classic* states: Boosts Qi, fills five zang. *Shanfu Jing* states: Tonifies middle, strengthens Yin. Also called Wanyun, KT, Yanc grass. *Zayaojue* states: Also called Wang... (Japanese name: Yamaimo.)