《集验方》云∶黄帝问于岐伯曰，水与肤胀，鼓胀，肠覃，石瘕，石水何以别之？岐伯
曰，
其水
腹
也
而
岁
不
导
品方》云∶先从胸肿名曰石水，其根在脾。）
《医门方》辨曰∶近验水病者，小便皆涩，或黄或赤不出，溢入经络，致令肿满，名为
水病
又云∶若诸皮肤水胀者，服诸发汗汤，得汗即愈，须慎风冷及咸食，宜食鲤鳢鱼， 小
豆等
《葛氏方》云∶水病唇黑脐突出，死；水病脉出者，死。
《千金方》云∶水病初起，两目上先肿如老蚕色，颊颈脉动，股里冷，胫中满，按之没
指，
又云∶水病忌腹上出水，出水者一月死，太太忌之。
又云∶水病忌丧孝、产乳、音乐、房室、喧戏、一切鱼、一切肉、生冷、酢滑、蒜、粘
米、
《病源论》云∶夫水肿病者皆营卫痞涩，肾脾虚弱所为，而大腹水肿者，或因大病之后，
或
水
大
《千金方》治大腹水肿、气息不通。命在旦夕者方∶
牛黄（二分） 昆布（十分） 海藻（十分） 牵牛子（八分） 桂心（八分） 椒目
（三两熬） 葶苈
七味，别捣葶苈，熟如膏，合和丸如梧子，饮服十丸，日再，稍加，小便利为度。
《医门方》疗大腹水肿，遍身洪满，小便涩少方∶
海蛤（六合，研如面） 葶苈子（十分熬） 茯苓（六分） 橘皮（四分） 郁李仁（四
分） 桑根白
捣筛为散，别捣葶苈子如脂，纳散中，蜜丸，空腹饮服七丸，日一，当利一二行，如不
利，
《新录方》治水病腹大面肿小便涩方∶
葶苈子（一升，熬紫色，捣如泥） 芒硝（三两） 吴茱萸（三合，捣为散）
合三种更捣，加少蜜可丸，捣二千杵，饮服七丸，日二服，以小便利为度，忌咸醋，瘥
止。
《效验方》治水大腹葶苈子散方∶
蓝叶（三两） 大黄（一两半） 葶苈子（二两，熬）
凡三物，治筛，先食，酒服二方寸匕，欲丸服，蜜和服如大豆，日二十丸。
《短剧方》治水肿大豆汤方∶
大豆三斗，水五斗，煮令熟，出豆澄汁，更纳美酒五升，微火煎如饴，服一升，渐增之，
令
《耆婆方》治人水病、四肢脚肤（音府，腐字也）面腹俱肿方∶
香薷一百斤，以水煮之令熟，去滓更煎，令如饴糖，少少服之，当下水，小便数即瘥。
又云∶治人多水身重，口中水出，面虚越肿，宜泻方∶
桂心（一两半） 大腹槟榔（三七，口捶研） 生姜（一两半）
三味，切，以水九升，煮取三升，去滓，分为三服，当下水即瘥。
《葛氏方》治大腹水病方∶
防己 甘草 葶苈（各二两）
捣，苦酒和，服如梧子三丸，日三，恒将之，取都消乃止。
又方∶白茅根一大把，小豆三升，水五升，煮讫，去茅根食豆，水随小便下。
又方∶恒啖小豆饭并饮汁佳。
《本草经》云 肉主久水胀不瘥、垂死者，作羹食之，下水大效。
《极要方》疗大小肿神方∶
白饧（四两） 桂心（一两） 桑根（六升） 甘草（一两炙） 人参（一两） 细辛
（一两） 大枣（
上，以水九升，煮桑根，取三升以煮药，取一升去滓，纳饧令烊尽，分三服，一日一夜，
小便五六升即瘥。
《龙门方》疗腹满如石、积年不损方∶取白杨树东南皮或枝，去苍皮，护风细押削五升，
熬
云∶每服一合，日三。
灸水病法∶
《短剧方》云∶灸膈俞（在第七椎下两旁一寸半）百壮，三报，灸脾俞（在十一椎下两
旁一寸
《集验方》记载：黄帝向岐伯问道，水病、肤胀、鼓胀、肠覃、石瘕、石水这几种病症该如何区分？岐伯回答说……（原文此处有残缺）
《备急千金要方》记载：先从胸部肿胀开始，名为石水，其病根在脾脏。）
《医门方》辨析说：近期观察水肿病患者，小便都涩滞不畅，颜色或黄或赤且排出不畅，水湿溢入经络，导致身体肿满，这就称为水病。
又记载：如果是各种皮肤水胀的病症，服用发汗汤剂，出汗后就会痊愈；必须注意避免风寒和咸味食物，适宜食用鲤鱼、黑鱼、小豆等。
《葛氏方》记载：水病患者如果嘴唇发黑、肚脐突出，是死证；水病患者如果出现“脉出”（脉搏浮大无根），也是死证。
《备急千金要方》记载：水病初起时，两眼先肿胀，颜色像老蚕一样，脸颊和颈部动脉搏动明显，大腿内侧发冷，小腿胀满，按压凹陷不起。
又记载：水病患者忌讳腹部出水，一旦腹部出水，一个月后会死亡，务必非常忌讳。
又记载：水病患者忌讳参加丧事、孝期、分娩、哺乳、听音乐、房事、喧闹嬉戏，以及忌食一切鱼类、一切肉类、生冷食物、酸滑食物、大蒜、粘米等。
《诸病源候论》记载：凡是水肿病患者，都是由于营卫之气痞塞涩滞，肾脾虚弱所致；而大腹水肿，可能是因为大病之后……（原文此处有残缺）
《备急千金要方》治疗大腹水肿、气息不通、生命垂危的方剂：
牛黄（二分） 昆布（十分） 海藻（十分） 牵牛子（八分） 桂心（八分） 椒目（三两，炒制） 葶苈子（七味药）。将葶苈子单独捣碎，煮至如膏状，与其他药物混合制成梧桐子大小的丸药，用温水送服十丸，每日两次，逐渐增加剂量，以小便通利为度。
《医门方》治疗大腹水肿、全身严重肿胀、小便涩少的方剂：
海蛤（六合，研成粉末） 葶苈子（十分，炒制） 茯苓（六分） 橘皮（四分） 郁李仁（四分） 桑根白皮（适量）。将上述药物捣筛成散剂，另外将葶苈子单独捣成脂状，混入散剂中，用蜂蜜制成丸药，空腹时用温水送服七丸，每日一次，应当排便一两次，如果不通利……（原文此处有残缺）
《新录方》治疗水病腹部肿大、面部浮肿、小便涩滞的方剂：
葶苈子（一升，炒至紫色，捣成泥状） 芒硝（三两） 吴茱萸（三合，捣成散剂）。
将三种药物混合再捣，加入少量蜂蜜制成丸药，捣两千杵，用温水送服七丸，每日两次，以小便通利为度，忌食咸醋，病愈即停。
《效验方》治疗大腹水肿的葶苈子散方：
蓝叶（三两） 大黄（一两半） 葶苈子（二两，炒制）。
以上三种药物，研磨筛选，饭前用酒送服两方寸匕，如果想做成丸药服用，可用蜂蜜调和，如大豆大小，每日二十丸。
《短剧方》治疗水肿的大豆汤方：
大豆三斗，水五斗，煮至熟透，取出豆子澄清汁液，再加入美酒五升，用微火煎煮至如饴糖般浓稠，服用一升，逐渐增加剂量，令……（原文此处有残缺）
《耆婆方》治疗人体水病、四肢脚部腐烂、面腹俱肿的方剂：
香薷一百斤，用水煮至熟透，去除药渣再次煎煮，使药液如饴糖般浓稠，少量服用，应当排出积水，小便次数增多即痊愈。
又记载：治疗人多水气、身体沉重、口中流涎、面部虚浮肿胀，宜用泻下方：
桂心（一两半） 大腹槟榔（三七枚，口嚼或捣碎研磨） 生姜（一两半）。
以上三味药，切碎，用水九升，煮取三升，去除药渣，分为三次服用，应当排出积水即痊愈。
《葛氏方》治疗大腹水病的方剂：
防己 甘草 葶苈（各二两）。
捣碎，用醋调和，制成梧桐子大小的丸药，每次三丸，每日三次，常备此药，直到水肿完全消退才停止。
又一方：白茅根一大把，小豆三升，水五升，煮好后，去掉茅根吃豆子，水湿随小便排出。
《神农本草经》记载：肉（指某种特定肉类，原文缺字）主治长期水肿不愈、濒临死亡者，做成羹汤食用，排水效果显著。
《极要方》治疗大小肿胀的神方：
白饧（四两） 桂心（一两） 桑根（六升） 甘草（一两，炙制） 人参（一两） 细辛（一两） 大枣（适量）。
以上药物，用水九升，先煮桑根，取三升药液来煮其他药物，取一升药液，去除药渣，加入饴糖使其融化，分为三次服用，一日一夜内，小便排出五六升即痊愈。
《龙门方》治疗腹部坚硬如石、多年不愈的方剂：取白杨树东南方向的树皮或树枝，去掉粗皮，细心削取五升，熬制……（原文此处有残缺）
又记载：每次服用一合，每日三次。
灸治水病的方法：
《短剧方》记载：灸膈俞穴（位于第七椎骨下两旁各一寸半处）一百壮，三天后重复施灸；灸脾俞穴（位于第十一椎骨下两旁……（原文此处截断）
*Ji Yan Fang* (Collected Proven Prescriptions) records: The Yellow Emperor asked Qibo, "How can one differentiate between water disease (Shui Bing), skin distension (Fu Zhang), drum distension (Gu Zhang), intestinal polyps (Chang Qin), stone gynecological mass (Shi Xia), and stone water (Shi Shui)?" Qibo replied... (The original text is incomplete here).
*Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies) records: Swelling that begins in the chest is named Stone Water (Shi Shui), with its root in the Spleen.)
*Yi Men Fang* (Medical Gate Formulas) analyzes: In recent observations of patients with edema (Shui Bing), urination is invariably obstructed; the urine may be yellow or red and difficult to discharge. Fluid overflows into the meridians and collaterals, causing swelling and fullness, which is termed Water Disease (Shui Bing).
It further states: For various types of skin edema, administering diaphoretic decoctions will result in recovery once sweating occurs. One must strictly avoid wind-cold and salty foods. It is advisable to consume carp, snakehead fish, adzuki beans, etc.
*Ge Shi Fang* (Formulas by Master Ge) records: If a patient with water disease presents with black lips and protruding umbilicus, it is a death sign; if a patient with water disease exhibits "Mai Chu" (floating and rootless pulse), it is also a death sign.
*Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang* records: At the onset of water disease, the eyes swell first, taking on a color resembling an old silkworm. There is pulsation in the vessels of the cheeks and neck. The inner thighs feel cold, and the shins are full/swollen. Pressing the area leaves an indentation that does not immediately rebound.
It further states: Patients with water disease must avoid abdominal fluid leakage. If fluid leaks from the abdomen, death will occur within one month; this must be strictly avoided.
It further states: Patients with water disease must avoid mourning rituals, periods of filial piety, childbirth, lactation, listening to music, sexual intercourse, noisy play, and must abstain from all fish, all meats, raw/cold foods, sour/slippery foods, garlic, and sticky rice.
*Bing Yuan Lun* (Treatise on Pathogenesis and Symptoms of Diseases) records: All cases of edema are caused by stagnation and obstruction of Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) Qi, along with weakness of the Kidney and Spleen. Large abdominal edema may occur after a severe illness... (The original text is incomplete here).
*Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang* provides a formula for large abdominal edema with blocked qi respiration, where life hangs in the balance:
Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis, 2 fen) Kunkbu (Laminariae Thallus, 10 fen) Haizao (Sargassum, 10 fen) Qianniuzi (Pharbitidis Semen, 8 fen) Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 8 fen) Jiaomu (Zanthoxyli Fructus Seed, 3 liang, stir-fried) Tinglizi (Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen, [quantity missing]).
Process seven herbs. Separate Tinglizi, grind it until it resembles paste, mix with other herbs, and form pills the size of mulberry seeds. Take ten pills with warm water, twice daily. Gradually increase the dose until urination becomes free.
*Yi Men Fang* provides a formula for large abdominal edema with generalized severe swelling and scanty/difficult urination:
Haige (Concha Meretricis, 6 he, ground to powder) Tinglizi (Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen, 10 fen, stir-fried) Fuling (Poria, 6 fen) Juapi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 4 fen) Yuliren (Pruni Semen, 4 fen) Sanggenbaipi (Mori Cortex, [quantity missing]).
Grind the above herbs into a powder. Separately grind Tinglizi into a paste-like consistency and incorporate it into the powder. Mix with honey to form pills. Take seven pills on an empty stomach with warm water, once daily. One should have one or two bowel movements. If there is no relief... (The original text is incomplete here).
*Xin Lu Fang* (Newly Recorded Formulas) provides a formula for water disease with abdominal distension, facial edema, and difficult urination:
Tinglizi (Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen, 1 sheng, stir-fried until purple, ground to paste) Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas, 3 liang) Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus, 3 he, ground to powder).
Mix the three herbs and grind again. Add a small amount of honey to form pills. Grind for two thousand strokes. Take seven pills with warm water, twice daily. Stop when urination becomes free. Avoid salty and sour foods. Discontinue when cured.
*Xiao Yan Fang* (Proven Formulas) provides Tinglizi Powder for treating large abdominal edema:
Lanye (Isatidis Folium, 3 liang) Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 1.5 liang) Tinglizi (Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen, 2 liang, stir-fried).
Process the three herbs and sift. Take before meals with wine, two fangcun bi (measurements). If preferring pills, mix with honey and take like soybean-sized pellets, twenty pills daily.
*Duan Ju Fang* (Short Drama Formulas) provides Soybean Decoction for treating edema:
Dadou (Glycines Sojae Semen, 3 dou), water 5 dou. Boil until cooked. Remove the beans and clarify the juice. Add 5 sheng of fine wine. Simmer over low heat until thick like maltose syrup. Take 1 sheng initially, gradually increasing the dose, to cause... (The original text is incomplete here).
*Qipo Fang* (Formulas of Qibo) provides a formula for human water disease with rotting limbs/feet and generalized swelling of face and abdomen:
Xiangru (Moslae Herba, 100 jin). Boil in water until cooked. Remove dregs and simmer again until the liquid is thick like maltose syrup. Take small amounts frequently. This should induce the discharge of accumulated water. Frequent urination indicates recovery.
It further states: To treat patients with excessive water retention, heavy body, drooling, and puffy facial swelling, use this purgative formula:
Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 1.5 liang) Dafubinglang (Arecae Catechu, 3-7 pieces, chewed or ground) Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 1.5 liang).
Cut the three ingredients. Boil in 9 sheng of water to obtain 3 sheng. Remove dregs. Divide into three doses. Recovery occurs when accumulated water is discharged.
*Ge Shi Fang* provides a formula for large abdominal water disease:
Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) Tingli (Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen) (each 2 liang).
Grind together. Mix with vinegar (Ku Jiu) to form pills the size of mulberry seeds. Take three pills, three times daily. Keep this medication on hand until the swelling completely subsides.
Another formula: A large bunch of Baimaogen (Imperatae Rhizoma) and 3 sheng of Dadou (Adzuki Beans). Boil in 5 sheng of water. After cooking, remove the Baimaogen and eat the beans. The water will drain out through urination.
Another formula: Frequently eating adzuki bean rice and drinking adzuki bean juice is beneficial.
*Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) records: Meat [specific type missing] treats chronic edema that has not healed and cases near death. Prepare as a soup/stew for consumption; it has a great effect in promoting water drainage.
*Ji Yao Fang* (Extremely Important Formulas) provides a miraculous formula for treating general and localized swelling:
Baiyang (White Maltose, 4 liang) Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 1 liang) Sanggen (Mori Radix Cortex, 6 sheng) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 1 liang, prepared with heat) Renshen (Ginseng Radix, 1 liang) Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, 1 liang) Dazao (Jujubae Fructus, [quantity missing]).
Take the above herbs. Boil Sanggen in 9 sheng of water to obtain 3 sheng. Use this liquid to decoct the remaining herbs to obtain 1 sheng. Remove dregs. Add Baiyang (maltose) and melt it completely. Divide into three doses. Over one day and night, if 5-6 sheng of urine is discharged, the condition will improve.
*Long Men Fang* (Dragon Gate Formulas) provides a formula for abdominal fullness hard as stone, persisting for years without improvement: Take the bark or branches from the southeast side of a white poplar tree. Remove the rough outer bark. Carefully shave and process 5 sheng. Stir-fry... (The original text is incomplete here).
It further states: Take 1 he per dose, three times daily.
Moxibustion method for water disease:
*Duan Ju Fang* states: Moxa-burn Ge Shu (BL17, located 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the 7th thoracic vertebra) for 100 moxa cones. Repeat every three days. Moxa-burn Pi Shu (BL20, located at the lower border of the spinous process of the 11th thoracic vertebra, lateral...) (The original text is cut off here).