《病源论》云∶ 疽之状，肉生小黯点，小者如粟米豆，大者如梅李，或赤或黑，乍青
乍白，有实核，惨痛应心。或着身体，其着手指者，似代指，人不别者呼为代指。不急治，
毒逐脉上，入脏则杀人。南方人得此疾，皆斩去指，恐其毒瓦斯上攻脏故也。
又云∶十指端忽然策策痛，入心不可忍，向明望之，晃晃黄赤，或黯黯青黑，是 疽。
直斩后节，十有一冀。
又云∶风疹痛不可忍者， 疸也。 疽，发五脏俞，节解相应通洞， 疽也。诸是 疽
皆死。又齿间臭热，血不止， 疽也，七日死。治所不瘥，以灰掩覆其血，不尔着人。
又云∶诸是 疽皆死，唯痛取利，十有一活耳。此皆寒毒之气客于经络，气血痞涩，毒
变所生。
《短剧方》云∶瘭疽者，肉中忽生一 子如豆粒，小者如米粒粟，剧者如梅李大，或赤
或黑，或青或白，其黯状实核，核有根而不浮肿也，痛 应心，其根极深达肉肌也。小久不
治，便四面悉肿，疮黯KT （丁甚反）紫黑色，能烂坏筋骨也，毒流散，逐脉走入脏腑，
则杀人。南方人名为 ，着毒得着浓肉处皆即割去之，亦烧铁令赤，烁 上令焦如炭，亦灸
黯疮上百壮为佳。单舂酸摹（和名之）叶薄其四面，以防其长也。饮葵根汁、蓝青汁、犀角
汁、升麻汁、竹沥汁、黄龙汤诸单方，治能折其热耳，内外治法依治丹毒方也。
瘭疽着指头者，其先作黯疽，然后肿赤黑黯，（丁甚反），KT 痛入心是也。代指者，
其先肿欣欣热痛，色不黯KT 也。（以上《千金方》同之。）
《千金方》云∶瘰疽秘方世所不传，神良无比方∶
夜干（二两） 甘草（二两） 大黄（十分） 麝香（二分） 干地黄（二两） 枳实
（二两） 犀角（六分） 前胡（三分）
八味，水九升煮取三升，分服，瘥止，不限剂。
治瘭疽着手足、肩背，累累（良伪反）如米起色白，刮之汁出，愈复发方∶
黄 （六分） 款冬花（二分） 升麻（四分） 赤小豆（一分） 附子（一分） 苦
参（一分）
六味，下筛，酒服半钱匕，渐渐增至一钱，日三。
又方∶熬芜菁子，熟捣，帛裹，辗转其上勿止。
又方∶熬麻子，末，摩上，日五。
又方∶鲫鱼（三寸长者），乱发如鸡子大，猪脂二升，煎涂。
《病源论》云∶凡疽发诸节解及腑脏之俞，则猝急也；其久疽者，发身体闲处，故经久
积年，致脓汁不尽，则疮内生虫，而变成 。
《范汪方》治久疽众医所不能治方∶
沸饴灌疮中，三灌即愈。《葛氏方》同之。
治久疽恶疮连年不瘥方∶
黄连（二分） 赤小豆（二分） 附子（半分，炮）
凡三物，各捣为屑，合药之，若疮有汁，以屑敷之；无汁皆以猪膏和屑，铜器中火上使
一沸，以敷之。
《录验方》治 疽方∶
烧铁令赤烁之。
又方∶蛭KT 尤佳。
又方∶饮葵根汁。
又方∶饮蓝青汁。
又方∶饮犀角汁。
又方∶饮黄龙汤。
《龙门方》治瘭疽彻骨痛方∶
取狗粪，当户根前烧作灰，涂之。烧时勿令患人知，验。
《诸病源候论》说：疽的症状，皮肤肌肉上生出小的暗色斑点，小的像粟米豆子，大的像梅子李子，颜色有的红有的黑，有时发青有时发白，有坚实的硬结，疼痛剧烈令人心痛。有的长在身体其他部位，如果长在手手指上的，类似代指（指甲周围炎），人们分辨不清的称之为代指。如果不紧急治疗，毒气顺着经脉上行，进入脏腑就会致死。南方人得了这种病，都会砍掉手指，是担心毒气向上攻入脏腑的缘故。
又说：十个手指尖突然感到刺痛，痛入心脏难以忍受，对着光亮看，色泽晃眼黄赤，或暗淡青黑，这就是疽。直接斩断后一节，十分之中有一人能存活。
又说：风疹疼痛不可忍受的，是疸。疽，发于五脏背俞穴，关节相应处贯通溃烂，这是疽。凡是这类疽都是死症。另外牙齿间有臭热感，出血不止，也是疽，七天内死亡。治疗无效时，用灰覆盖止血，否则毒气会传染给人。
又说：凡是这类疽大多致死，只有缓解疼痛算是有利，十分之中只有一人能活。这都是寒毒之气客居在经络中，气血阻滞涩滞，由毒气变化所产生。
《短剧方》说：瘭疽，肉中忽然生出一个核如豆粒大小，小的像米粒粟米，严重的像梅子李子大，颜色或红或黑，或青或白，其暗色状实核，核有根基而不浮肿，疼痛应心，其根基极深到达肌肉。小者久不治疗，便四面全部肿胀，疮面暗紫黑色，能烂坏筋骨，毒气流散，顺着经脉走入脏腑，就会致死。南方人称为“”，中毒得病在浓肉处都立即割去，也烧铁使其通红，灼烫患处使其焦如炭，也灸暗疮上百壮为最佳。单独捣碎酸模叶，薄贴四周，以防其蔓延。饮用葵根汁、蓝靛汁、犀角汁、升麻汁、竹沥汁、黄龙汤等单方，治疗只能折损其热邪而已，内外治法依照治疗丹毒的方子。
瘭疽长在手指头的，起初是暗色疽，然后肿起发红发黑，疼痛刺心，这就是代指。代指，起初肿胀发热疼痛，颜色不暗紫。
夜干（二两） 甘草（二两） 大黄（十分） 麝香（二分） 干地黄（二两） 枳实（二两） 犀角（六分） 前胡（三分）
以上八味药，用水九升煮取三升，分次服用，痊愈即止，不限定剂量。
治疗瘭疽长在手脚、肩背，累累如米粒突起色白，刮之有汁流出，愈后又复发方：
黄芩（六分） 款冬花（二分） 升麻（四分） 赤小豆（一分） 附子（一分） 苦参（一分）
以上六味药，研成细末，用酒送服半钱匕，逐渐增加至一钱，每日三次。
又一方：熬制芜菁子，熟透捣烂，用布包裹，在其上面辗转摩擦不停。
又一方：鲫鱼（三寸长的），乱发如鸡蛋大，猪脂二升，煎煮后涂抹。
《诸病源候论》说：凡是疽发于各个关节及脏腑背俞穴，则发病急骤；那些陈旧的疽，发于身体空闲之处，所以经久积年，导致脓汁不尽，则疮内生虫，而变成疳。
用沸热的饴糖灌入疮口中，灌三次即可痊愈。《葛氏方》与此相同。
以上三味药，分别捣成屑，混合药物，如果疮口有汁液，将药屑敷在上面；如果没有汁液，都用猪膏调和药屑，在铜器中火上加热煮沸一次，然后敷用。
烧铁使其通红灼烫患处。
又一方：水蛭蛭尤佳。
又一方：饮用葵根汁。
又一方：饮用蓝靛汁。
又一方：饮用犀角汁。
又一方：饮用黄龙汤。
取狗粪，在门户根部前烧成灰，涂抹患处。烧的时候不要让病人知道，有效。
The *Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun* (Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases) states: The manifestation of *ju* (carbuncle/ulcer) involves small dark spots appearing on the skin and flesh. Small ones are like millet seeds or beans, large ones like plums or peaches; they may be red or black, sometimes greenish or whitish, with solid nodules, causing severe pain that resonates in the heart. They may appear anywhere on the body; when occurring on the fingers, resembling *daizhi* (paronychia), people who cannot distinguish them call it *daizhi*. If not treated urgently, the toxin travels up along the meridians, entering the zang organs leads to death. People in the South, upon contracting this disease, often amputate the finger, fearing the toxic qi will attack the zang organs upward.
It also states: Sudden stabbing pain at the tips of all ten fingers, unbearable as if penetrating the heart, looking towards the light reveals a glaring yellow-red hue, or a dull blue-black color; this is *ju*. Directly amputating the distal phalanx results in survival for one out of ten cases.
It further states: When wind-rash (*fengzhen*) causes unbearable pain, it is *dan* (jaundice/toxic heat). *Ju*, originating from the back-shu points of the five zang organs, with corresponding joints becoming connected and perforated, is classified as *ju*. All such *ju* are fatal. Additionally, foul heat between the teeth with unceasing bleeding indicates *ju*, leading to death within seven days. If treatment fails to heal, cover the blood with ash; otherwise, it may infect others.
It also states: All such *ju* are generally fatal; only alleviating pain offers benefit, with only one in ten surviving. This arises because cold-toxic qi lodges in the meridians, causing qi and blood stagnation and obstruction, generating pathology through toxic transformation.
The *Duan Ju Fang* (Short Formulas) states: In *biao ju* (acute carbuncle), a nodule suddenly appears in the flesh like a bean. Small ones are like rice grains or millet, severe cases like plums or peaches. Colors vary: red, black, green, or white. The dark, solid nodule has a root but does not edematize. Pain resonates in the heart, with roots extending deeply into the muscle. If left untreated for long, swelling spreads in all directions. The sore becomes dark purple-black, capable of rotting bones and tendons. Toxin disperses, traveling via meridians into the viscera, causing death. Southerners call it [character missing], cutting away affected fleshy areas immediately upon infection. They also heat iron until red-hot to cauterize the lesion until charred like charcoal, or moxa the dark sores for over one hundred moxa cones, which is optimal. Crushed leaves of *Sanguisorba officinalis* (Di Yu) are applied thinly around the perimeter to prevent spread. Drinking juice from *Abelmoschus manihot* (Kui Gen), indigo (*Lan Qing*), rhinoceros horn (*Xi Jiao*), *Cimicifuga* (Sheng Ma), bamboo sap (*Zhu Li*), or *Huang Long Tang* can only reduce heat. Internal and external treatments follow those for *dandu* (erysipelas/toxic heat rash).
When *biao ju* affects the fingertips, it begins as a dark *ju*, then swells, turns red, black, and dark, with pain piercing the heart; this is *daizhi*. *Daizhi* initially presents with swelling, warmth, and pain, without dark discoloration. (This aligns with the *Qian Jin Fang*).
The *Qian Jin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) states: A secret formula for *luo ju* (scrofula-like ulcer) unknown to the world, the Divine and Excellent Unparalleled Formula:
Ye Gan (Radix Bupleuri, 2 liang) Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, 2 liang) Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, 10 fen) She Xiang (Moschus, 2 fen) Gan Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, 2 liang) Zhi Shi (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, 2 liang) Xi Jiao (Cornu Rhinocerotis, 6 fen) Qian Hu (Radix Peucedani, 3 fen)
Eight ingredients, decocted in nine sheng of water to yield three sheng. Divide into doses. Stop when healed; dosage limits do not apply.
Formula for *biao ju* on hands, feet, shoulders, and back, presenting as clustered white bumps like rice grains, exuding fluid when scraped, recurring after healing:
Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae, 6 fen) Kuan Dong Hua (Flos Farfarae, 2 fen) Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae, 4 fen) Chi Xiao Dou (Semina Phaseoli Angularis, 1 fen) Fu Zi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, 1 fen) Ku Shen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, 1 fen)
Six ingredients, sifted into fine powder. Take half a qian bi (coin-sized measure) with wine, gradually increasing to one qian, three times daily.
Another formula: Roast Brassicaceae seeds (Wu Jing Zi), crush thoroughly when cooked, wrap in cloth, and rub continuously over the area.
Another formula: Roast hemp seeds (Ma Zi), grind into powder, and apply topically, five times daily.
Another formula: Use a three-cun long crucian carp, hair clumps the size of an egg, and two sheng of lard. Decoct and apply topically.
The *Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun* states: When *ju* erupts at various joints and back-shu points of fu and zang organs, onset is sudden and acute. Chronic *ju* appears in non-weight-bearing areas of the body; thus, persisting for years, incomplete drainage of pus leads to insect generation within the sore, transforming into *gan* (necrosis/gangrene).
The *Fan Wang Fang* provides a formula for chronic *ju* refractory to other physicians:
Pour boiling malt sugar (Yi) into the wound. Three applications result in cure. (Consistent with *Ge Shi Fang*).
Formula for chronic *ju* and malignant ulcers persisting for years without healing:
Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis, 2 fen) Chi Xiao Dou (Semina Phaseoli Angularis, 2 fen) Fu Zi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, 0.5 fen, processed)
Three ingredients, each pounded into powder/mash. Mix the herbs. If the ulcer exudes fluid, apply the powder directly. If dry, mix the powder with pork fat, boil once in a copper vessel over fire, then apply.
The *Lu Yan Fang* provides formulas for *gan ju*:
Heat iron until red-hot and cauterize the lesion.
Another formula: Leeches (Shi Yi) are especially good.
Another formula: Drink Kui Gen juice.
Another formula: Drink Lan Qing juice.
Another formula: Drink Xi Jiao juice.
Another formula: Drink Huang Long Tang.
The *Long Men Fang* provides a formula for *biao ju* with bone-penetrating pain:
Take dog feces, burn it before the threshold/root of the door into ash, and apply topically. Do not let the patient know during burning. Verified efficacy.