《病源论》云∶瘿者，由忧恚气结所生。亦由饮沙水，沙随气入于脉，搏颈下而成之。
初作与樱核相似，而当颈下也，皮宽不急，垂 然是也。恚气结成瘿者，但垂垒垒无核也。
饮沙水成瘿者，有核垒垒无根，浮动在皮中。又云∶三种瘿，有血瘿，可破之。有息肉瘿，
可割之。有气瘿，可具针之。
《养生方》云∶诸山水里土中出泉流者，不可久居。常食作瘿病，动气增患。
《短剧方》云∶有瘿病者，始作与樱 相似。其瘿病喜生颈下，当中央不偏两边也。皮
宽不急，垂 然则是瘿也。中国人患气结瘿者，但垂 无 及也。长安及襄阳、蛮人其
饮沙水善病沙瘿，有 垒垒耳无根，浮动在皮中。
治诸瘿良方∶
小麦一斗，以淳苦酒一斗渍小麦，令释，漉出，爆令燥，燥复渍之，苦酒尽，曝麦燥，
捣下筛，以海藻三两，别捣末合冶之。温酒服方寸匕，日三，禁盐、生鱼、猪肉、生菜。数
用有验也。（今按∶《龙门方》加昆布三两。《范汪方》云∶治三十年瘿及瘰 。）
《千金方》治瘿方∶
昆布二两，切，如指大，酢渍，令咽汁尽则愈。
又方∶灸风府穴百壮，又灸大椎百壮。
又方∶灸大椎两边相去各一寸半少下垂各三十壮。（《短剧方》云∶大椎上节以上属颈，
崇骨也，大椎与崇骨相接处，其节最高硕也。）
《葛氏方》治颈上猝结果渐大欲成瘿方∶
海藻一斤，酒二斗渍一宿，稍稍含一、二合咽之。酒尽取滓末服方寸匕，日三。
《范汪方》治瘿昆布丸方∶
昆布（八两） 海藻（八两，洗）
凡二物，捣下筛，和以蜜丸。先食，含如半枣大，稍稍咽之。日五服，不知稍增，以知
为度。
《效验方》治瘿昆布丸方∶
昆布（二分） 松萝（二分） 海藻（五分）
凡三物，冶合下筛，以白蜜丸如李子，含咀嚼咽其汁，日三夜二。
《极要方》治瘿海藻散方∶
海藻（十分） 昆布（一两） 海蛤（一两） 通草（一两） 松萝（一两） 干姜（一
两） 桂心（一两一方无干姜，代白蔹一两。）
上七物，下筛，酒服方寸匕，日三。
《耆婆方》治人气瘿方∶
松萝（二两） 海藻（三两） 通草（二两） 半夏（三两洗一遍） 桂心（二两） 海
蛤（三两） 昆布（三两） 干姜（六两） 茯苓（二两） 细辛（三两） 桔梗（二两）
上十一味，捣筛为散，以酒服一方寸匕，日三。
又方∶炒盐薄之。
《玉箱方》治三十年瘿及瘰 方∶
海藻（八两） 贝母（二两） 土瓜根（二两） 麦面（二分）
四味，作散，酒服方寸匕，日三。（《经心方》同之。）
《广利方》疗瘿结气方∶
昆布（二大两，暖水洗，去咸味，寸切） 小麦（三大合）
以水二大升，煮取小麦熟，择取昆布空腹含三、五斤，津液细细咽之，日再含。（忌生
冷油腻。）
《诸病源候论》说：瘿病，是由于忧愁愤懑导致气机郁结而产生的。也是因为饮用含有沙粒的水，沙随气进入血脉，搏结于颈部下方而形成的。
初起时与樱桃核相似，位于颈部下方，皮肤松弛不紧绷，下垂的样子就是如此。因愤懑气结而成的瘿，只是垂坠堆积而没有硬块。
因饮用含沙水而成的瘿，有硬块堆积且无根基，在皮下浮动。又说：三种瘿病，有血瘿，可以刺破它；有息肉瘿，可以割除它；有气瘿，可以用针刺治疗。
《养生方》说：各种山水中土里流出的泉水，不可久居。经常食用会引发瘿病，扰动气机增加病患。
《短剧方》说：患有瘿病的人，初起时与樱桃核相似。这种瘿病喜欢长在颈部下方，正当中央而不偏两侧。皮肤松弛不紧绷，下垂的样子就是瘿病。中国人患气结瘿的，只是垂坠而无肿块和硬结。长安及襄阳、蛮族人因饮用含沙水容易患沙瘿，有堆积的硬块且无根基，在皮下浮动。
治疗各种瘿病的良方：
小麦一斗，用纯苦醋一斗浸泡小麦，使其软化，滤出，晒干至干燥，干燥后再浸泡，苦醋用尽后，将麦晒干，捣碎过筛，加入海藻三两，另外捣成末混合研磨均匀。用温酒送服一方寸匕，每日三次，禁忌盐、生鱼、猪肉、生菜。多次使用有效。（现今按语：《龙门方》加昆布三两。《范汪方》说：治疗三十年瘿及瘰疬。）
《千金方》治疗瘿病的方子：
昆布二两，切碎，如手指大小，用醋浸泡，直到咽下汁液即可痊愈。
另一个方子：灸风府穴一百壮，又灸大椎穴一百壮。
又一个方子：灸大椎穴两边各距离一寸半稍向下垂处各三十壮。（《短剧方》说：大椎上节以上属于颈部，是崇骨，大椎与崇骨相接处，这个节段最高突出。）
《葛氏方》治疗颈部突然结块逐渐变大欲成瘿的方子：
海藻一斤，酒二斗浸泡一夜，慢慢含服一、二合咽下。酒喝完取药渣研末服用一方寸匕，每日三次。
《范汪方》治疗瘿病的昆布丸方：
昆布（八两） 海藻（八两，洗净）
共两味药，捣碎过筛，用蜂蜜调和做成丸药。饭前，含服如半个枣大小的药丸，慢慢咽下。每日五次，若无效则稍增量，以见效为度。
《效验方》治疗瘿病的昆布丸方：
昆布（二分） 松萝（二分） 海藻（五分）
共三味药，混合研磨过筛，用白蜜做成如李子大小的丸药，含服咀嚼咽下其汁液，每日三次夜间两次。
《极要方》治疗瘿病的海藻散方：
海藻（十分） 昆布（一两） 海蛤（一两） 通草（一两） 松萝（一两） 干姜（一两） 桂心（一两，一方无干姜，代以白蔹一两。）
以上七味药，过筛，用酒送服一方寸匕，每日三次。
《耆婆方》治疗人气瘿的方子：
松萝（二两） 海藻（三两） 通草（二两） 半夏（三两，洗一遍） 桂心（二两） 海蛤（三两） 昆布（三两） 干姜（六两） 茯苓（二两） 细辛（三两） 桔梗（二两）
以上十一味药，捣碎过筛制成散剂，用酒送服一方寸匕，每日三次。
另一个方子：炒盐外敷。
《玉箱方》治疗三十年瘿及瘰疬的方子：
海藻（八两） 贝母（二两） 土瓜根（二两） 麦面（二分）
四味药，制成散剂，用酒送服一方寸匕，每日三次。（《经心方》与此相同。）
《广利方》治疗瘿结气的方子：
昆布（二大两，温水洗，去咸味，切成寸段） 小麦（三大合）
用水二大升，煮到小麦熟，挑出昆布空腹含服三、五斤，津液细细咽下，每天含服两次。（忌食生冷油腻。）
The *Zhubing Yuanhou Lun* (Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases) states: Yi (goiter) arises from Qi stagnation caused by sorrow and resentment. It is also caused by drinking sandy water, where sand enters the meridians with Qi and knots in the lower neck to form the condition.
Initially, it resembles a cherry pit, located in the lower neck; the skin is loose and not tight, hanging down—this is what it looks like. For Yi formed by resentful Qi stagnation, it merely hangs down in lumps without distinct nodules.
For Yi formed by drinking sandy water, there are piled-up nodules without roots, floating within the skin. It further states: Among the three types of Yi, there is Blood Yi, which can be lanced; there is Polypoid Yi, which can be excised; and there is Qi Yi, which can be treated with acupuncture needles.
The *Yangsheng Fang* (Prescriptions for Nourishing Life) states: Springs flowing from soil in mountains and rivers should not be inhabited long-term. Frequent consumption leads to Yi disease, disturbing Qi and exacerbating ailments.
The *Duanju Fang* (Short-Acting Prescriptions) states: Patients with Yi disease initially present similarly to cherry pits. This condition tends to occur in the lower neck, precisely in the center rather than on either side. The skin is loose and not tight, hanging down—this is Yi. Chinese people suffering from Qi-stagnation Yi merely hang down without nodules or hard masses. People in Chang'an, Xiangyang, and barbarian regions who drink sandy water are prone to Sandy Yi, characterized by piled-up nodules without roots, floating within the skin.
Excellent prescription for treating various Yis:
One dou of wheat, soaked in one dou of pure sour vinegar until softened, then drained, dried by exposure, soaked again when dry, until the vinegar is exhausted. Dry the wheat by exposure, grind and sieve it. Add three liang of Sargassum Herba (Haizao, 海藻), separately ground into powder, and mix thoroughly. Take one cun-bi with warm wine, three times daily. Avoid salt, raw fish, pork, and raw vegetables. Repeated use has proven effective. (Current note: *Longmen Fang* adds three liang of Kelp (Kunbu, 昆布). *Fan Wang Fang* states: Treats thirty-year Yi and scrofula.)
*Qianjin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) prescription for Yi:
Two liang of Kelp (Kunbu, 昆布), cut into pieces the size of a finger, soaked in vinegar until the juice is swallowed and the condition heals.
Another prescription: Moxibustion on Fengfu GV16 (Governor Vessel 16) for one hundred moxa cones, and additionally on Dazhui GV14 (Governor Vessel 14) for one hundred moxa cones.
Yet another prescription: Moxibustion on both sides of Dazhui GV14, each distance being one and a half cun slightly downward, thirty moxa cones each. (*Duanju Fang* states: The segments above Dazhui belong to the neck, known as Chonggu. The junction between Dazhui and Chonggu is the highest and most prominent segment.)
*Ge Shi Fang* (Ge's Prescriptions) for sudden lump formation on the neck that gradually enlarges to become Yi:
One jin of Sargassum Herba (Haizao, 海藻), soaked in two dou of wine overnight. Slowly hold in the mouth and swallow one or two he of the liquid. When the wine is finished, take the dregs, grind into powder, and take one cun-bi, three times daily.
*Fan Wang Fang* Kunbu Pill for Yi:
Kelp (Kunbu, 昆布) (eight liang), Sargassum Herba (Haizao, 海藻) (eight liang, washed).
These two substances are ground and sieved, mixed with honey to form pills. Before meals, hold a pill the size of half a jujube in the mouth and slowly swallow. Five doses daily; if ineffective, increase slightly until efficacy is achieved.
*Xiaoyan Fang* (Effective Prescriptions) Kunbu Pill for Yi:
Kelp (Kunbu, 昆布) (two fen), Ramulina (Songluo, 松萝) (two fen), Sargassum Herba (Haizao, 海藻) (five fen).
These three substances are mixed, ground, and sieved, formed into pills the size of plums with white honey. Hold in the mouth, chew, and swallow the juice, three times daily and twice at night.
*Jiyao Fang* (Most Essential Prescriptions) Haizao Powder for Yi:
Sargassum Herba (Haizao, 海藻) (ten fen), Kelp (Kunbu, 昆布) (one liang), Clam Shell (Hai Ge, 海蛤) (one liang), Trogopterus Dung (Tongcao, 通草) (one liang), Ramulina (Songluo, 松萝) (one liang), Dried Ginger (Gan Jiang, 干姜) (one liang), Cinnamon Heart (Guixin, 桂心) (one liang; in one version, no Gan Jiang, substitute Bai Lian, 白蔹, one liang).
The above seven substances are sieved; take one cun-bi with wine, three times daily.
*Qipo Fang* (Qibo's Prescriptions) for Qi Yi:
Ramulina (Songluo, 松萝) (two liang), Sargassum Herba (Haizao, 海藻) (three liang), Trogopterus Dung (Tongcao, 通草) (two liang), Pinellia Rhizome (Banxia, 半夏) (three liang, washed once), Cinnamon Heart (Guixin, 桂心) (two liang), Clam Shell (Hai Ge, 海蛤) (three liang), Kelp (Kunbu, 昆布) (three liang), Dried Ginger (Gan Jiang, 干姜) (six liang), Poria (Fuling, 茯苓) (two liang), Asarum Root (Xixin, 细辛) (three liang), Platycodon Root (Jiegeng, 桔梗) (two liang).
The above eleven substances are ground and sieved into powder; take one cun-bi with wine, three times daily.
Another prescription: Apply fried salt topically.
*Yuxiang Fang* (Jade Box Prescriptions) for thirty-year Yi and scrofula:
Sargassum Herba (Haizao, 海藻) (eight liang), Fritillaria Bulb (Beimu, 贝母) (two liang), Wild Melon Root (Tugua Gen, 土瓜根) (two liang), Wheat Flour (Maimian, 麦面) (two fen).
Four substances made into powder; take one cun-bi with wine, three times daily. (*Jingxin Fang* is identical.)
*Guangli Fang* (Broad Benefit Prescriptions) for Yi Qi Knot:
Kelp (Kunbu, 昆布) (two large liang, washed with warm water to remove salinity, cut into inch-length pieces), Wheat (Xiaomai, 小麦) (three da-he).
Boil in two da-sheng of water until the wheat is cooked. Remove the Kelp, hold three or five jin in the mouth while fasting, and slowly swallow the saliva. Contain twice daily. (Avoid raw, cold, and greasy foods.)