叙曰∶泄泻似乎易识，一遇盘根错节，良手犹难之。所以然者，脾为万物之母，泄泻能
坏人之母气故也。今考名方十五首，用之者宜变通焉。
白术（土炒） 白茯苓（去皮，各七钱五分）
脾胃虚弱，不能克制水谷，湿盛作泻者，此方主之。
脾胃者，土也。土虚则不能四布津液，水谷常留于胃而生湿矣。经曰∶湿盛则濡泻，故
知水泻之疾，原于湿也。白术甘温而燥，甘则入脾，燥则胜湿；茯苓甘温而淡，温则益脾，
淡则渗湿，土旺湿衰，泻斯止矣。戴氏云∶水泻腹不痛者为湿，痛者为食积。河间云∶泻而
水谷变色者为热；水谷不变色，澄澈清冷者为寒。皆妙论也。若肛门燥涩，小便黄赤，则水
谷虽不变，犹为热也。此由火性急速，食下即出，无容变化，仲景所谓邪热不杀谷是也。兹
在临证精察，而加药物之所宜者尔。
苍术 浓朴 陈皮 甘草 白术 茯苓 猪苓 泽泻 桂
此方亦治湿盛泄泻者也。
苍术、浓朴、陈皮、甘草，平胃散也，所以燥湿；白术、茯苓、猪苓、泽泻、桂，五苓
散也，所以利湿。脾胃强健者，宜主此方；怯弱者，宜主前方。白术茯苓汤、平胃散正考见
湿门，五苓散正考见伤寒门。
丁香（面煨） 木香 青皮（炒） 陈皮 诃子（面裹微煨）
胃寒，泄泻脉迟者，此方主之。
肠胃热，则大便燥结；肠胃寒，则洞泄不禁，大都然也，脉迟验其为寒。是方也，二香
之辛热，所以温中；二皮之辛利，所以快脾；诃子之固涩，所以止泻。
序言说：泄泻（腹泻）看似容易识别，但一旦遇到病情复杂、根源深远的情况，即使是高明的医生也难以处理。之所以如此，是因为脾脏是后天之本（万物之母），泄泻会损伤人体的根本之气。如今考证并列出十五首著名方剂，使用者应当根据具体情况灵活变通。
白术（土炒） 白茯苓（去皮，各七钱五分）
脾胃虚弱，不能运化水谷，导致湿气过盛而引发泄泻的，此方主治。
脾胃属土。脾气虚弱则不能正常布散津液，水谷常滞留于胃中从而产生湿气。《内经》说：“湿气过盛则导致濡泻”，因此知道水样泄泻的疾病，根源在于湿邪。白术味甘性温且燥，甘味能入脾经，燥性能胜湿；茯苓味甘性温且淡渗，温性能补益脾阳，淡渗性能利湿。脾气旺盛则湿气消退，泄泻自然停止。戴氏说：水样泄泻腹部不痛的属于湿邪，腹痛的属于食积。河间刘完素说：泄泻且水谷颜色变异的属于热证；水谷颜色不变，清澈寒冷的是寒证。这些都是精妙的论述。如果肛门干燥涩滞，小便黄赤，那么即使水谷颜色没有变化，也仍属于热证。这是由于火性急迫，食物吃下后立即排出，没有足够时间进行消化变化，正如张仲景所说的“邪热不杀谷”（邪热导致食物未经充分消化即排出）。这需要在临证时仔细诊察，然后添加适宜的药物罢了。
苍术 厚朴 陈皮 甘草 白术 茯苓 猪苓 泽泻 桂枝
此方也是治疗湿气过盛所致泄泻的。
苍术、厚朴、陈皮、甘草，这是平胃散（Pingwei San, Stomach-Peeling Powder），用来燥湿；白术、茯苓、猪苓、泽泻、桂枝，这是五苓散（Wuling San, Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria），用来利湿。脾胃强健的人，适宜主用此方；体质怯弱的人，适宜主用前方（指前文提到的白术茯苓汤类方）。白术茯苓汤、平胃散的详细考证见“湿门”章节，五苓散的详细考证见“伤寒门”章节。
丁香（面煨） 木香 青皮（炒） 陈皮 诃子（面裹微煨）
胃寒，泄泻且脉象迟缓的，此方主治。
肠胃有热，则大便干燥结块；肠胃有寒，则发生洞泄（严重的水样腹泻）且无法控制，大体上都是这样，脉象迟缓可验证其为寒证。本方中，丁香和木香的辛热之性，用来温中焦；青皮和陈皮的辛散利气之性，用来使脾机通畅；诃子的固涩之性，用来止泻。
Preface: Diarrhea (Xie Xie) seems easy to identify; however, when encountering complex and deeply rooted cases, even skilled physicians may find it difficult. The reason for this is that the Spleen is the mother of all things (the foundation of acquired constitution), and diarrhea can damage the body's fundamental Qi. Herein, fifteen famous prescriptions are examined; users should apply them with flexibility.
Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, stir-baked with soil) Bai Fu Ling (Poria, peeled, each 7 qian 5 fen)
For cases of Spleen and Stomach deficiency where the ability to transform and transport water and grain is impaired, leading to excessive dampness causing diarrhea, this prescription is indicated.
The Spleen and Stomach belong to Earth. When Earth Qi is deficient, it cannot distribute fluids properly, causing food and drink to remain in the Stomach and generate dampness. The Classics state: "Excessive dampness leads to soft stool/diarrhea." Thus, we know that watery diarrhea originates from dampness. Bai Zhu is sweet, warm, and drying; its sweetness enters the Spleen, and its dryness overcomes dampness. Fu Ling is sweet, warm, and light/insipid; its warmth benefits the Spleen, and its insipid nature promotes diuresis to drain dampness. When Earth Qi is robust and dampness declines, diarrhea ceases. Dai Shi stated: Watery diarrhea without abdominal pain indicates dampness, while pain indicates food retention. He Jian (Liu Wansu) stated: Diarrhea with discolored food and water indicates heat; if food and water remain unchanged in color but are clear and cold, it indicates cold. These are both profound insights. If the anus is dry and astringent, and urination is yellow and red, then even if the food and water do not change color, it is still considered heat. This is due to the rapid nature of fire; food is expelled immediately after ingestion without time for transformation, as Zhang Zhongjing described as "pathogenic heat failing to digest grains" (Xie Re Bu Sha Gu). Therefore, precise observation during clinical practice is required to add appropriate herbs.
Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) Hou Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) Fu Ling (Poria) Zhu Ling (Polyporus) Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma) Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus)
This prescription also treats diarrhea caused by excessive dampness.
Cang Zhu, Hou Po, Chen Pi, and Gan Gan constitute Ping Wei San (Stomach-Peeling Powder), which dries dampness; Bai Zhu, Fu Ling, Zhu Ling, Ze Xie, and Gui Zhi constitute Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria), which promotes urination to drain dampness. For those with strong Spleen and Stomach function, this prescription is suitable; for those with weak constitutions, the preceding prescription is more appropriate. The detailed examination of Bai Zhu Fu Ling Tang and Ping Wei San can be found in the "Dampness Chapter," and that of Wu Ling San in the "Cold Damage Chapter."
Ding Xiang (Syzygii Fructus, baked in flour) Mu Xiang (Vladimiriae Radix) Qing Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, stir-fried) Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) Ke Zi (Terminaliae Chebulae Fructus, wrapped in flour and lightly baked)
For stomach cold with diarrhea and a slow pulse, this prescription is indicated.
When the Intestines and Stomach have heat, stools become dry and constipated; when they have cold, severe watery diarrhea occurs uncontrollably. Generally, a slow pulse verifies the presence of cold. In this formula, the pungent and hot nature of the two aromatics (Mu Xiang and Ding Xiang) warms the Middle Jiao; the pungent and dispersing nature of the two barks (Qing Pi and Chen Pi) unblocks the Spleen mechanism; and the astringent nature of Ke Zi stops diarrhea.