（《本事》）
治心中烦躁，不生津液，不思饮食。
黄 熟地黄 芍药 五味子 麦冬（三两） 天冬 人参 甘草（三钱） 茯苓（一
两。）
此手足太阴药也。黄 、人参补气，熟地、芍药补血，乌梅、五味敛耗生津，天冬、麦
冬泻火补水，茯苓淡以利湿，甘草甘以和中，湿去气运，则脾和而思食，津生而燥退矣。
（丹溪）
治渴证胃热，善消水谷（渴而多饮为上消，肺热也；多食善饥为中消，胃热也；渴而小
便数有膏为下消，肾热也；皆火盛而水衰也。经曰∶二阳结谓之消。二阳者，阳明也。手阳
明大肠主津，病消则目黄口干，是津不足也；足阳明胃主血，热则消谷善饥，是血中伏火，
血不足
喜饮凉水，宜寒凉渗剂以清其热；血分渴者，喜饮热水，宜甘温酸剂以滋其阴。上轻中重下
危，
泄，
黄连 天花粉 生地汁 藕汁 牛乳。将黄连、花粉为末，调服。或加姜汁、蜂蜜为膏
，噙化。
此手足太阴、阳明药也。经曰∶心移热于肺，传为膈消。火盛灼金，不能生水，故令燥
渴。
火退
（《易简》）
治消渴烦躁，咽干面赤（咽干，肾火上炎也；面赤，阳明郁热也；烦属于心，躁属于肾。
人参 黄 （蜜炙） 甘草（炙） 生地黄 熟地黄 天冬 麦冬 枇杷叶（蜜炙） 石
斛泽泻 枳壳（麸炒）等分。每服三钱。
此手足太阴、阳明药也。喻嘉言曰∶此方生精补血，润燥止渴，佐以泽泻、枳壳疏导二
腑（泽泻泻膀胱之火，枳壳宽大肠之气，使小腑清利，则心火下降心与小肠相表里，大腑流
畅，则肺经润泽肺与大肠相表里，宿热既除，其渴自止矣喻嘉言又曰∶人参白虎汤，专治渴
证气分燥热，此汤专治血分燥热；竹叶黄 汤兼治气血燥热，宜辩证而用之。附∶竹叶黄
汤∶淡竹叶 生地黄二钱 当归 川芎 芍药 麦冬 黄芩炒 人参 黄 甘草 半夏
石膏
（出自《本事方》）
治疗心中烦躁，不能生津液，不想吃东西。
黄芩、熟地黄、芍药、五味子、麦冬（各三两），天冬、人参、甘草（各三钱），茯苓（一两）。
这是调理手太阴肺经和足太阴脾经的药物。黄芩、人参补益肺气，熟地黄、芍药滋养营血，乌梅、五味子收敛耗散之气并促进津液生成，天冬、麦冬清泻火热并补充阴液，茯苓味淡以利湿祛邪，甘草味甘以调和脾胃。湿气去除，气机运转正常，则脾胃调和而思食，津液生成而燥热消退。
（出自朱丹溪）
治疗消渴证中胃热的情况，善于消化水谷（口渴且多饮称为上消，病机为肺热；吃得多且容易饥饿称为中消，病机为胃热；口渴且小便频数且有膏脂状物排出称为下消，病机为肾热；这些都是火盛而水衰的表现。《内经》说：“二阳结谓之消。”所谓二阳，指的是阳明经。手阳明大肠经主管津液，患消渴病时会出现目黄、口干，这是津液不足的表现；足阳明胃经主管血液，有热则消化食物快且易饥，这是血中有伏火，导致血不足。喜欢喝凉水，适宜用寒凉渗利的药剂来清解其热；属于血分的渴证，喜欢喝热水，适宜用甘温酸味的药剂来滋养其阴。上消轻，中消重，下消危重。
黄连、天花粉、生地黄汁、藕汁、牛乳。将黄连、天花粉研成粉末，调服。或者加入姜汁、蜂蜜制成膏剂，含化服用。
这是调理手太阴肺经、足太阴脾经以及手阳明大肠经、足阳明胃经的药物。《内经》说：“心移热于肺，传为膈消。”火势旺盛灼伤肺金，不能滋生肾水，所以导致燥渴。火退去后……
（出自《易简方》）
治疗消渴引起的烦躁，咽干面赤（咽干，是肾火上炎所致；面赤，是阳明郁热所致；烦归属于心，躁归属于肾。
人参、黄芩（蜜炙）、甘草（炙）、生地黄、熟地黄、天冬、麦冬、枇杷叶（蜜炙）、石斛、泽泻、枳壳（麸炒）等分。每次服用三钱。
这是调理手太阴肺经、足太阴脾经以及手阳明大肠经、足阳明胃经的药物。喻嘉言说：此方能生精补血，润燥止渴，佐以泽泻、枳壳疏导六腑（泽泻泻膀胱之火，枳壳宽大肠之气，使小腑清利，则心火下降，因心与小肠相表里；大腑流畅，则肺经润泽，因肺与大肠相表里。宿热既除，其渴自止矣）。喻嘉言又说：人参白虎汤，专门治疗消渴证的气分燥热，此汤专门治疗血分燥热；竹叶石膏汤兼治气血燥热，应当辨证使用。附：竹叶石膏汤：淡竹叶、生地黄二钱、当归、川芎、芍药、麦冬、黄芩（炒）、人参、黄芩、甘草、半夏、石膏。
(From *Ben Shi Fang*)
Treats irritability in the heart, inability to generate body fluids, and lack of appetite.
Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Shu Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix), Wu Wei Zi (Schisandrae Fructus), Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (each 3 liang), Tian Dong (Asparagi Radix), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 3 qian), Fu Ling (Poria) (1 liang).
These are herbs acting on the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian and Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian. Huang Qin and Ren Shen tonify Qi; Shu Di Huang and Shao Yao nourish Blood; W Mei (Vomitoriae Fructus) and Wu Wei Zi astringe depletion and promote fluid generation; Tian Dong and Mai Dong clear fire and replenish Yin; Fu Ling is bland to promote diuresis and drain dampness; Gan Cao is sweet to harmonize the Middle Jiao. Once dampness is removed and Qi circulation resumes, the Spleen and Stomach harmonize and appetite returns, fluids are generated, and dryness recedes.
(From Zhu Danxi)
Treats Stomach Heat in Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst Syndrome), characterized by rapid digestion of food and water. (Excessive thirst with polydipsia is called Upper Xiao, caused by Lung Heat; polyphagia with excessive hunger is called Middle Xiao, caused by Stomach Heat; excessive thirst with frequent urination containing fatty substances is called Lower Xiao, caused by Kidney Heat; all these result from Excess Fire and Deficient Water. The Classics state: "Obstruction of the Two Yangs leads to Xiao." The Two Yangs refer to the Yangming channels. The Hand-Yangming Large Intestine channel governs fluids; in Xiao disease, there is yellowing of the eyes and dry mouth, indicating fluid insufficiency. The Foot-Yangming Stomach channel governs blood; heat causes rapid digestion and hunger, indicating latent fire in the blood leading to blood deficiency. Those who prefer cold drinks should use cold, cooling, and draining formulas to clear heat; those with blood-level thirst who prefer hot drinks should use sweet, warm, and sour formulas to nourish Yin. Upper Xiao is mild, Middle Xiao is severe, and Lower Xiao is critical.)
Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Tian Hua Fen (Trichosanthis Radix), Sheng Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix) juice, Ou汁 (Nelumbinis Nodus Juice), Niu Ru (Bovis Lac). Powder the Huang Lian and Tian Hua Fen, and take with liquid. Alternatively, add Jiang Zhi (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens Juice) and Feng Mi (Mel) to make a paste for holding in the mouth to dissolve.
These are herbs acting on the Hand-Taiyin Lung, Foot-Taiyin Spleen, Hand-Yangming Large Intestine, and Foot-Yangming Stomach meridians. The Classics state: "Heart transfers heat to the Lung, transmitting it as Ge Xiao (Diaphragmatic Thirst)." Excessive fire scorches Metal (Lung), preventing it from generating Water (Kidney), thus causing dryness and thirst. When the fire retreats...
(From *Yi Jian Fang*)
Treats irritability and dry throat with red face due to Xiao Ke. (Dry throat indicates rising Kidney Fire; red face indicates stagnant Heat in Yangming; Irritability belongs to the Heart, restlessness belongs to the Kidney.)
Ren Shen, Huang Qin (Honey-fried), Gan Cao (Stir-fried), Sheng Di Huang, Shu Di Huang, Tian Dong, Mai Dong, Pi Pa Ye (Honey-fried), Shi Hu (Dendrobii Caulis), Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Zhi Qiao (Aurantii Fructus Pericarpium Stir-fried with Bran) in equal parts. Take 3 qian per dose.
These are herbs acting on the Hand-Taiyin Lung, Foot-Taiyin Spleen, Hand-Yangming Large Intestine, and Foot-Yangming Stomach meridians. Yu Jiayan stated: This formula generates essence and nourishes blood, moistens dryness and stops thirst. It uses Ze Xie and Zhi Qiao to unblock the Fu organs (Ze Xie drains Fire from the Bladder; Zhi Qiao expands Qi in the Large Intestine, making the lower Fu clear and smooth, so Heart Fire descends because Heart and Small Intestine are exterior-interior related; when the upper Fu flows smoothly, Lung Meridian becomes moist because Lung and Large Intestine are exterior-interior related. Once old heat is eliminated, thirst naturally stops). Yu Jiayan also stated: Ren Shen Bai Hu Tang specifically treats Qi-level dry-heat in Xiao; this formula specifically treats Blood-level dry-heat; Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang treats both Qi and Blood dry-heat. One must differentiate and apply accordingly. Appendix: Zhu Ye Shi Gao Tang: Dan Zhu Ye (Lophatheri Herba), Sheng Di Huang 2 qian, Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuan Xiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Shao Yao, Mai Dong, Huang Qin (Stir-fried), Ren Shen, Huang Qin, Gan Cao, Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum), Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum).