金匮真言论曰∶中央黄色，入通于脾，开窍于口。五脏生成论曰∶脾之合肉也，
其荣唇也。六节藏象论曰∶脾胃之华，在唇四白。脉度篇曰∶脾气通于口。脾和，
则口能知谷味矣。经脉篇曰∶大肠手阳明之脉，挟口交人中。其病为口干。胃足阳
明之脉，挟口交承浆，其病口 唇胗。（胗即疮疹，字通用。）足少阳病为口苦。足太阴终者唇
反。卫气失常篇曰∶唇青黄赤白黑者，病在肌肉。选方四首。
泻白汤 治大肠实热，便结脐痛，口疮。
橘皮 竹茹 黄芩 山栀 黄柏（各五分） 芒硝 茯苓（各一钱） 生地黄（三钱）
姜、枣煎服。
黄柏散 治茧唇。
黄柏（二两） 五倍子 密陀僧（各二钱） 甘草（二分）
为末，水调涂黄柏上，炙干再涂，药尽为度。后将黄柏切作薄片，贴茧唇上。
五福化毒丹（见第七十八）
冰柏丸 治口舌生疮。
黄柏 薄荷 硼砂（各等分） 冰片（减半）
为末，蜜丸弹子大。每噙化一丸。
阴阳应象大论曰∶心主舌，在窍为舌。脉度篇曰∶心气通于舌，心和则舌能知
五味矣。夫言出于心，非舌不能发，故云舌者心之苗。其色赤，其形尖而善动，火
之象也。经脉篇曰∶脾足太阴之脉，连舌本，散舌下。其病舌本强，及舌本痛。肾
脉循喉咙挟舌本，其病口热舌干。口问篇曰∶少阴气至则啮舌。以上目、耳、鼻、
口、舌为脏之开窍，固当见五脏之变病，所谓五脏不和，则七窍不通。然而经络病
多，脏气病少，若识别不真，即有毫厘千里之谬。惟谛审而治之，则善矣。选四方
与第七十八小儿门参看。
《金匮真言论》说：中央方位对应黄色，精气内通于脾，外开窍于口。《五脏生成论》说：脾与肌肉相合，其荣华表现于唇。《六节藏象论》说：脾胃的华彩，表现在口唇四周的白肉际（唇四白）。《脉度篇》说：脾气通达于口。脾的功能调和，则口能辨别谷物的味道。《经脉篇》说：手阳明大肠经的经脉，夹行于口旁，交叉于人中穴处。该经的病证表现为口干。足阳明胃经的经脉，夹行于口旁，交叉于承浆穴处，其病证为口唇生疮疹。（“胗”即疮疹，两字通用。）足少阳胆经的病证表现为口苦。足太阴脾经气绝时，会出现口唇翻卷的现象。《卫气失常篇》说：口唇呈现青、黄、赤、白、黑等颜色异常，说明病在肌肉。此处选取四个方剂。
泻白汤：治疗大肠实热证，症见大便干结、脐部疼痛、口舌生疮。
药物组成：橘皮、竹茹、黄芩、山栀、黄柏（各五分），芒硝、茯苓（各一钱），生地黄（三钱）。煎服法：加生姜、大枣煎汤服用。
黄柏散：治疗茧唇（一种唇部赘生物或慢性炎症）。
药物组成：黄柏（二两），五倍子、密陀僧（各二钱），甘草（二分）。
用法：将药物研为细末，用水调匀涂抹于患处，待干燥后再涂，直至药尽为止。之后将黄柏切成薄片，贴敷于茧唇上。
五福化毒丹（详见第七十八卷）
冰柏丸：治疗口舌生疮。
药物组成：黄柏、薄荷、硼砂（各等分），冰片（减半量）。
用法：将药物研为细末，用蜂蜜制成如弹子大小的丸剂。每次含化一丸。
《阴阳应象大论》说：心主宰舌头，在窍穴中表现为舌。《脉度篇》说：心气通达于舌，心功能调和，则舌能辨别五味。言语产生于心，但必须通过舌才能发出，所以说舌是心的苗窍。舌的颜色为赤色，形状尖细且善于运动，这是火的象征。《经脉篇》说：足太阴脾经的经脉，连接舌根，散布于舌下。其病证表现为舌根僵硬及舌根疼痛。肾经循行经过喉咙并夹持舌根，其病证表现为口中发热、舌干。《口问篇》说：少阴经气逆乱时，会出现咬舌的现象。以上目、耳、鼻、口、舌作为五脏的外在开窍，确实应当反映出五脏的变化和病证，这就是所说的“五脏不和，则七窍不通”。然而，经络病变较多，脏腑本体病变较少，如果不能准确识别，就会产生毫厘之差导致千里之谬的错误。只有仔细审察并加以治疗，才是良策。选取这四个方剂，并与第七十八卷小儿科的相应内容参看。
The *Jingui Zhenyan Lun* (Treatise on the True Discourse of the Golden Cabinet) states: The central direction corresponds to yellow; its essence internally connects with the Spleen, and externally opens into the Mouth. The *Wuzang Shengcheng Lun* (Discourse on the Generation of the Five Viscera) states: The Spleen harmonizes with the flesh, and its luster manifests in the lips. The *Liujie Zangxiang Lun* (Discourse on the Six Jie and Visceral Manifestations) states: The splendor of the Spleen and Stomach is displayed at the "four whites" surrounding the lips (the vermilion border). The *Maidu Pian* (Chapter on Pulse Lengths) states: Spleen Qi communicates with the mouth. When the Spleen is harmonious, the mouth can perceive the flavors of grains. The *Jingmai Pian* (Chapter on Meridians) states: The Hand-Yangming Large Intestine meridian runs alongside the mouth and crosses at the Renzhong point. Its pathological manifestations include dry mouth. The Foot-Yangming Stomach meridian runs alongside the mouth and crosses at the Chengjiang point; its pathological manifestations include sores or rashes on the lips and cheeks ("Zhen" refers to sores or rashes, used interchangeably here). Pathologies of the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder manifest as bitter taste in the mouth. When the Foot-Taiyin Spleen meridian ends, the lips may invert. The *Weiqi Shichang Pian* (Chapter on Abnormalities of Wei Qi) states: If the lips appear cyanotic, yellow, red, white, or black, the disease resides in the muscles. Four formulas are selected here.
Xiebai Tang (Draining White Decoction): Treats Excess-Heat of the Large Intestine, characterized by constipation, umbilical pain, and oral ulcers.
Ingredients: Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Zhuru (Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Shanzhi (Gardeniae Fructus), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) (each 5 fen); Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas), Fuling (Poria) (each 1 qian); Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Recens) (3 qian).
Administration: Decoct with fresh ginger and jujubes for oral administration.
Huangbai San (Phellodendron Powder): Treats Jianchun (Callosity of the lip, a condition resembling a silkworm cocoon on the lip).
Ingredients: Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) (2 liang); Wubeizi (Galla Chinensis), Mituoseng (Lithargyrum) (each 2 qian); Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (2 fen).
Administration: Grind into powder, mix with water, and apply topically. Allow to dry, then reapply until the medicine is exhausted. Subsequently, cut Huangbai into thin slices and apply them directly to the affected lip area.
Wufu Huadu Dan (Five Blessings Detoxifying Pill) (See Volume 78).
Bingbai Wan (Ice and Phellodendron Pill): Treats oral and lingual ulcers.
Ingredients: Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Pengsha (Borax) (equal parts); Bingpian (Borneolum Syntheticum) (half the amount of others).
Administration: Grind into powder, form pills with honey the size of a bullet. Each time, hold one pill in the mouth to dissolve slowly.
The *Yinyang Yingxiang Daelun* (Great Discourse on Yin-Yang and Their Correspondences) states: The Heart governs the tongue, opening into it. The *Maidu Pian* (Chapter on Pulse Lengths) states: Heart Qi communicates with the tongue; when the Heart is harmonious, the tongue can perceive the five flavors. Speech originates from the Heart but cannot be articulated without the tongue; thus, the tongue is called the sprout of the Heart. Its color is red, its shape is pointed and agile, reflecting the nature of Fire. The *Jingmai Pian* (Chapter on Meridians) states: The Foot-Taiyin Spleen meridian connects to the root of the tongue and spreads beneath it. Its pathological manifestations include stiffness and pain at the root of the tongue. The Kidney meridian follows the throat and flanks the root of the tongue; its pathological manifestations include heat in the mouth and dryness of the tongue. The *Kouwen Pian* (Chapter on Questions Concerning the Mouth) states: When Shaoyin Qi becomes disordered, biting of the tongue occurs. The eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and tongue serve as the external openings of the five viscera; therefore, they necessarily reflect changes and diseases within the five viscera, as stated: "When the five viscera are not in harmony, the seven orifices become obstructed." However, meridian pathologies are more common than visceral organ pathologies. If differentiation is not precise, a slight error in judgment can lead to significant clinical mistakes. Only through careful examination and treatment can one achieve success. These four formulas are selected for reference alongside the pediatric section in Volume 78.