脾之荣，在唇四白。胃脉环唇。肝脉环唇内。三经热盛则唇红甚，寒则青黑，
气血两虚则黄白，血液虚热则干燥，燥甚则裂，风动则 。（唇动不止也。）验脏腑
之寒热，莫便于此。
唇干，生地、麦冬、山药、当归、白芍、人参、蜜。冬月唇干折裂血出，
用桃仁捣，猪脂调涂。唇裂，石膏、黄连、当归、生地、石斛、竹茹、生甘草、蜜。
风热者，白芷、升麻、防风、黄芩、甘草。唇 ，柴胡、防风、荆芥、山栀、生甘
草、当归、赤小豆、薏苡。唇青黑，理中汤（见中风）。唇茧，肿起白皮，皱裂
如蚕茧。亦有唇下肿如黑枣者。亦有不肿，缩紧小，起白皮者，名紧茧。皆燥热所
致，治须润燥、清火、消风，大概以养血为要。肾虚者，内热口干，吐痰体瘦，济
阴地黄丸；肝火，柴胡清肝散；胃火，清胃散（见齿）；脾经风湿，泻黄饮子。唇疮，虫
食喉则上唇疮，声哑；食肛则下唇疮，咽干，黄连、犀角、乌梅、木香、雄黄、桃
仁，煎服。亦有气郁生疮，甑上滴下汗，传之如神，白荷花瓣贴之
亦效。小儿燕口疮，燕窠土擦，发灰擦，并效。大抵唇、口、舌诸疮，暴发赤
肿痛者，多实热，凉膈散（见发热）、栀子金花汤可用。若日久色淡疮白，时痛时否，多
属虚热，清心莲子饮（见赤白浊）、四物汤（见血）加知、柏、丹皮，少佐肉桂，补中兼清
可也。若服凉药久不愈者，以七味地黄汤（见虚损）冷服，引火归元，甚则加附子。
脾的外在荣华表现于口唇周围的白色区域（唇四白）。胃经的脉环绕口唇。肝经的脉环绕口唇内部。这三条经脉如果热邪炽盛，则口唇红赤严重；寒邪盛则口唇青黑；气血两虚则口唇黄白；血液亏虚兼有内热则口唇干燥，干燥严重时会出现裂口，风邪扰动则口唇颤动不止。（注：唇动不止即口唇颤抖不停。）验证脏腑的寒热状况，没有比观察口唇更方便的了。
口唇干燥，可用生地、麦冬、山药、当归、白芍、人参、蜂蜜治疗。冬季口唇干燥折裂出血，用桃仁捣碎，以猪脂调和后涂抹。口唇裂开，可用石膏、黄连、当归、生地、石斛、竹茹、生甘草、蜂蜜治疗。属于风热证的，用白芷、升麻、防风、黄芩、甘草治疗。口唇颤动，用柴胡、防风、荆芥、山栀、生甘草、当归、赤小豆、薏苡仁治疗。口唇青黑，用理中汤（见中风篇）治疗。唇茧，指肿起白皮，皱裂如同蚕茧的样子。也有口唇下肿胀如黑枣样的。也有不肿胀，收缩变紧变小，起白皮的，名叫紧茧。这些都是由燥热所致，治疗必须润燥、清火、消风，大抵以养血为关键。肾虚者，表现为内热口干，吐痰身体消瘦，用济阴地黄丸；肝火旺者，用柴胡清肝散；胃火旺者，用清胃散（见齿篇）；脾经风湿者，用泻黄饮子。唇疮，虫蚀喉部则上唇生疮，声音嘶哑；虫蚀肛门则下唇生疮，咽干，用黄连、犀角、乌梅、木香、雄黄、桃仁煎服。也有因气郁而生疮的，用蒸甑上滴下的汗液，传播使用如神效，或用白荷花瓣贴敷也有效。小儿燕口疮（口角炎），用燕窠土擦拭，或用发灰擦拭，都有效。大抵口、唇、舌各种疮疡，突然发作且红肿疼痛的，多属实热证，可用凉膈散（见发热篇）、栀子金花汤。若日久颜色淡、疮面白，时痛时止，多属虚热证，可用清心莲子饮（见赤白浊篇）、四物汤（见血证篇）加知母、黄柏、丹皮，稍佐肉桂，补益兼清热即可。若服用凉药久不愈者，用七味地黄汤（见虚损篇）冷服，以引火归元，严重者加附子。
The flourishing manifestation of the Spleen is seen in the "four whites" around the lips (the pale skin surrounding the vermilion border of the lips). The Stomach meridian circles the lips. The Liver meridian circles inside the lips. When heat pathogen is excessive in these three meridians, the lips become intensely red; when cold is excessive, they turn cyanotic and black; when both Qi and Blood are deficient, they appear yellowish-white; when Blood is deficient with internal heat, the lips become dry, and severe dryness leads to cracking; when Wind moves, the lips tremble uncontrollably. (Note: Uncontrollable lip trembling refers to continuous twitching.) To verify the cold or heat status of the Zang-Fu organs, there is no more convenient method than observing the lips.
For dry lips, use Shengdi Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Tuber), Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), and honey. In winter, if lips are dry, cracked, and bleeding, crush Taoren (Persicae Semen) and apply it mixed with suet (pig fat). For cracked lips, use Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Shengdi Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis), Zhuru (Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam), Sheng Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Recens), and honey. For wind-heat patterns, use Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma). For lip tremors, use Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Shanzhi (Gardeniae Fructus), Sheng Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Recens), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chixiaodou (Adzuki Bean), and Yiyiren (Coicis Semen). For cyanotic and black lips, use Lizhong Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction for Warming the Middle - see Stroke chapter). A "lip cocoon" refers to swelling with white peeling skin, wrinkled and cracked like a silkworm cocoon. There are also cases where swelling under the lip resembles a black date. There are also cases without swelling, but with contraction, tightening, shrinking, and white peeling skin, named "tight cocoon." All are caused by dryness-heat. Treatment requires moistening dryness, clearing fire, and dispelling wind, generally prioritizing nourishing Blood. For Kidney deficiency presenting with internal heat, dry mouth, expectoration, and emaciation, use Jiyin Dihuang Wan (Nourishing Yin Rehmannia Pill); for Liver fire, use Chaihu Qinggan San (Bupleurum Decoction to Clear Liver Heat); for Stomach fire, use Qingwei San (Clear Stomach Powder - see Teeth chapter); for Damp-Wind in the Spleen meridian, use Xiehuang Yinzi (Draining Yellow Infusion). For lip sores: if parasites erode the throat, upper lip sores occur with hoarseness; if they erode the anus, lower lip sores occur with dry throat. Use Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu - note: substitute with water buffalo horn in practice), Wumei (Mume Fructus), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Xionghuang (Realgar), and Taoren (Persicae Semen) decocted and taken orally. Some sores arise from Qi stagnation; applying sweat dripping from a steamer vessel is said to be miraculous, and applying petals of white lotus flowers is also effective. For infant Yan Kou Chuang (angular cheilitis/swallow's mouth sore), rubbing with soil from swallow nests or using ash from burnt hair is effective. Generally, sudden onset of redness, swelling, and pain in sores of the lips, mouth, and tongue indicates excess heat; Liangge San (Cool the Diaphragm Powder - see Fever chapter) or Zhizi Jinhua Tang (Gardenia Golden Flower Decoction) can be used. If the condition persists for a long time with pale color and white sores, alternating pain and relief, it mostly belongs to deficiency heat; Qingxin Lianzi Yin (Clear Heart Lotus Seed Infusion - see Red and White Turbid Urine chapter) or Siwu Tang (Four Substance Decoction - see Blood chapter) added with Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), and Danpi (Moutan Cortex), with a small amount of Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex), to tonify while clearing heat, is appropriate. If the condition does not resolve after prolonged use of cooling herbs, take Qiwai Dihuang Tang (Seven-Ingredient Rehmannia Decoction - see Deficiency Damage chapter) cold to guide fire back to its source; in severe cases, add Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata).