（取牙）
男子八岁肾气实而生齿，三八而真牙生，五八则齿槁，八八而齿去矣。女子亦
然，以七为数。盖肾主骨，齿乃骨之余，髓之所养，故随天癸为盛衰。又胃经之支
者，入于上齿；大肠经之支者，入于下齿。故肾髓足、肠胃实则齿坚牢，虚则齿摇
动。齿痛者，皆齿之根肉痛也，由风热湿之邪入聚为液、为涎，与齿间之气血相搏
击而痛。湿热盛则痛且肿，风热盛则痛而不甚肿。又湿热生虫，蚀其牙根，则
亦痛。又风热盛，搏击于血则血出，甚则气血腐化为脓，出臭汁，名齿龋。龈肉
消蚀则齿根露而挺出，名齿挺。肾热则齿色黑而槁，肾竭则面亦黑。
齿痛，肾虚无热者，但摇动不痛。痛必因风火与虫。风有外风，有内风，内风
即热气，外风则外感之风寒也。内有火，为外风所郁则益烈，故痛甚。亦有头脑感
受风寒，脑痛连齿者，羌活附子汤发散之，此肾经虚而犯风寒也。齿属肾，脑亦属
肾，寒邪犯肾为伤根本，宜急治，缓则不救，（真头痛者必死，是也。）白芷散亦可。此证必
喜热，齿亦不肿、不蛀，盖暴病也，与素病齿者异。若不连脑，止连头项者，
乃外风郁热于内也，立效散。湿热甚而痛者，承气汤（见大便不通）下之；轻者，清
胃散。六郁而痛者，越鞠丸。（见郁。）风热而痛者，独活散，不愈，茵陈散。中气虚而
痛，（清阳不升而浊火上炎也。）补中益气汤。（见气。此证多有齿缝胀不能嚼者。）
肾经虚热者，六味丸。
（见虚损。）诸证未能细辨，且与消风散（见头痛。）揩抹。又并宜香附（炒黑）。
三分，炒盐一分，
研擦。又石膏、胡椒为末擦，立愈。牙痛用清凉药反甚者，从治之，荜茇、川
椒、薄荷、荆芥、细辛、樟脑、青盐为末擦，则热散而不郁。得热则痛，得凉则止，
常欲吸冷风者，以黄连、梧桐律之苦寒，薄荷叶、荆芥穗之辛凉，治其湿热，更以
升麻引入胃经，以羊角灰引入肾经，加麝香少许为末擦。又以调胃承气汤（见大便
不通）去芒硝加黄连，下三五次。胃热致痛不可忍，连头脑，满面发热大痛，其齿
喜寒恶热，清胃散。亦有得寒而反痛者，热被郁也；亦有恶风寒者，热已为风寒所
郁故恶也，金沸草散（见咳嗽。）齿缝有红肉努出者，消风散（见头痛），临卧茶点服。仍
入荆、防、白芷、蜂房之属煎，频漱口。亦有寒热并恶者，寒热之邪混杂作痛也，
宜当归龙胆散、益智木律散。恶寒之情多于恶热者，寒多热少也，草豆蔻散。恶热
之情多于恶寒者，热多寒少也，立效散、麝香散。上牙疼，升麻散，恶热者，灸
足三里。下牙疼，白芷散，恶寒者，灸三间。肾虚牙浮长，动摇欲脱而痛者，
六味丸、八味丸、（并见虚损。）黑锡丹（见呃逆。）择用。齿长渐至难食，名髓溢。盖肾水不
藏而浮泛之故，白术煎汤漱服。长用刷牙，牢牙散、白牙散、羊胫散。
龋蛀，数年不愈，当作阳明蓄血治之，桃仁承气汤（见血）料，丸服。好酒者多患此。
（参血证齿衄。）蛀牙痛，芦荟白胶香塞蛀孔内。松脂锐如锥者，塞孔中，少顷虫出
脂上。温米醋漱出虫，愈。天仙子烧烟，用竹筒抵牙，引烟熏之，虫即死。水
瓦片置油拌韭子烧烟，阁在水碗上，以漏斗覆之，熏牙，虫如针者皆落水中。
虫出穴空而痛者，乳香炙软实之。樟脑、川椒各五分，研碎放铜杓内，茶钟盖，稠
面封四围，勿令走气，微火升之，少顷觉闻樟脑气取起，地上候冷揭开，药俱升在
钟底，入瓷器收贮。每用少许塞痛处，立愈。
牙龈宣露，蔓荆子、生地黄、地骨皮、青蒿各一两，郁李根皮二两，每用五钱
水煎，热含冷吐。蚯蚓屎水和为泥，火 赤，研如粉，腊月猪脂调敷，日三次。
牙齿动摇，还少丹、地黄丸（见虚损）。阴虚内热者，甘露饮。
牙齿不生，黑豆三十枚，牛粪火烧，令烟尽取出细研，入麝香少许研匀。先以
针挑破不生处，令血出乃涂药，不可见风，忌酸咸物。露蜂房散、川升麻散。
牙槽风，齿痛不已，龈肉连颊浮肿、紫黑、出血、腐烂，口疳药内加牛黄，倍
珍珠、儿茶，频吹。久不愈，牙缝出脓，甚则齿落，名牙漏，（上边龙门牙落，不治。）外吹
疳药，内用滋阴降火之剂。又牙槽风溃后，肿硬不消，出臭血而不出脓者，名牙疳。
臭秽难近，清胃散。有风加防风，甚则用芜荑消疳汤数下之。牙疳烂黑，防穿腮，
芦荟消疳饮，外用人中白散。疳速者，一日烂一分，两日烂一寸，杀人最速，名走
马疳。鼻梁发红点如朱，及上唇龙门牙落者死，口疳药（见口）加牛黄。小儿痘后毒发，
多此证。或用绿矾一块，安铁绣器上烧干，先用青绢蘸浓茶搅口净，乃敷之。若恶
寒喜热，胃气伤者，补中益气（见虚损）。
牙痈，俗名牙蜞，初起龈肉或上、或下、或内、或外肿硬成条是也，口疳药吹
之。牙咬，牙尽处肿也。初起势盛，夜尤痛甚，清阳散火汤，外用金、碧二丹
吹。（并见咽喉。）若牙关紧闭，用黄熟香削钉，渐渐撬进，牙关渐开，即吹之。牙肉肿
如豆大，或内或外，无定处，先用金丹，后用口疳药。
穿牙疔，先二日牙痛，发寒热，后痛更甚，龈上发一紫块，龈肉皆紫黑者是。
主金丹加碧丹吹之，内服凉血、清火、解毒之剂。破者，口疳药加牛黄。小儿马牙，
龈上有白色如脆骨者是，将发此毒即打嚏，日日以针挑之。牙楚，因食酸所致，胡
桃解之。
满口牙出血，枸杞为末，煎汤漱之，然后吞下，立止。又马粪烧灰存性，擦之
立止。
欲取牙，凤仙花子为末，糁牙根自脱。干玉簪花根亦效。
（拔牙）
男子到了八岁，肾气充实，牙齿开始生长；到三八（二十四岁），智齿长出；到五八（四十岁），牙齿开始枯槁；到八八（六十四岁），牙齿脱落。女子也是如此，以七为基数计算。这是因为肾主骨，牙齿是骨的余气，由髓滋养，所以随着天癸（指男女生殖机能）的盛衰而变化。另外，胃经的支脉进入上齿；大肠经的支脉进入下齿。所以肾中精髓充足、肠胃功能强健则牙齿坚固牢靠，虚弱则牙齿松动。牙痛，都是牙齿根部的牙龈疼痛，这是由于风、热、湿邪侵入聚集形成液体、唾液，与牙齿间的气血相互搏击而致痛。湿热盛则既痛又肿，风热盛则痛但不怎么肿。此外，湿热生虫，侵蚀牙根，也会引起疼痛。如果风热盛，搏击于血脉则导致出血，严重时气血腐败化为脓液，流出臭汁，称为龋齿。牙龈肉消蚀则牙根暴露并挺出，称为齿挺。肾有热则牙齿颜色发黑且枯槁，肾精枯竭则面色也发黑。
牙齿疼痛，如果是肾虚无热的情况，只是松动而不痛。疼痛必定是因为风火和虫蛀。风有外风和内风之分，内风即热气，外风则是外感的风寒。体内有火，被外风郁遏则火势更烈，所以疼痛剧烈。也有头脑感受风寒，头痛牵连牙齿的，用羌活附子汤发散治疗，这是肾经虚损而受风寒侵袭。牙齿属肾，脑也属肾，寒邪侵犯肾脏损伤根本，应当紧急治疗，拖延则无法救治，（真头痛者必死，说的就是这种情况。）白芷散也可以使用。此证必定喜欢热敷，牙齿也不肿胀、不蛀蚀，属于突发疾病，与慢性牙病不同。如果不连及头部，只连及头项部的，是外风郁结内热所致，用立效散。湿热严重而疼痛的，用承气汤（见大便不通章节）攻下；轻症的，用清胃散。因六郁（气、血、痰、火、湿、食六种郁滞）而痛的，用越鞠丸。（见郁证章节。）风热而痛的，用独活散，无效则用茵陈散。中气虚弱而痛的，（因为清阳不升而浊火上炎。）用补中益气汤。（见气虚章节。此证多有牙缝胀满不能咀嚼的情况。）肾经虚热的，用六味丸。（见虚损章节。）诸种证候如果不能仔细辨别，先用消风散（见头痛章节）揩抹患处。另外都适宜用香附（炒黑）三分，炒盐一分，研碎后擦拭。也可以用石膏、胡椒研末擦拭，立即痊愈。牙痛如果用清凉药反而加重的，采用从治法（反佐法），用荜茇、川椒、薄荷、荆芥、细辛、樟脑、青盐研末擦拭，则热气散发而不郁结。遇热则痛，遇凉则止，经常想吸冷风的，用黄连、梧桐律的苦寒之性，配合薄荷叶、荆芥穗的辛凉之性，治疗其湿热，再加升麻引入胃经，羊角灰引入肾经，加入少许麝香研末擦拭。再用调胃承气汤（见大便不通章节）去掉芒硝加黄连，攻下三到五次。胃热导致的疼痛不可忍受，连及头部，满面发热剧痛，牙齿喜寒恶热的，用清胃散。也有受寒反而疼痛的，是热被郁遏；也有厌恶风寒的，是热已被风寒所郁遏所以产生恶寒感，用金沸草散（见咳嗽章节）。牙缝有红肉突出的，用消风散（见头痛章节），临睡前用茶送服。仍然加入荆芥、防风、白芷、蜂房等煎汤，频繁漱口。也有既恶寒又恶热的，是寒热邪气混杂作痛，宜用当归龙胆散、益智木律散。恶寒的感觉多于恶热的，是寒多热少，用草豆蔻散。恶热的感觉多于恶寒的，是热多寒少，用立效散、麝香散。上牙疼，用升麻散，恶热的，灸足三里穴。下牙疼，用白芷散，恶寒的，灸三间穴。肾虚导致牙浮长、动摇欲脱而痛的，选用六味丸、八味丸、（均见虚损章节。）黑锡丹（见呃逆章节）。牙齿逐渐变长以至难以进食，称为髓溢。这是因为肾水不藏而浮泛的缘故，用白术煎汤漱口服用。长期刷牙，使用牢牙散、白牙散、羊胫散。
龋齿蛀洞，数年不愈，当作阳明蓄血证治疗，用桃仁承气汤（见血证章节）的剂量，制成丸剂服用。好喝酒的人多患此病。（参看血证中的齿衄。）蛀牙痛，用芦荟、白胶香塞入蛀孔内。松脂尖锐如锥状的，塞入孔中，一会儿虫子会爬出粘在脂上。用温米醋漱口将虫洗出，即可痊愈。天仙子烧烟，用竹筒抵住牙齿，引烟熏烤，虫子即死。用水瓦片放置油拌韭子烧烟，架在水碗上，用漏斗覆盖，熏烤牙齿，像针一样的虫子都会落入水中。虫子排出后穴位空虚而痛的，用乳香炙软填实。樟脑、川椒各五分，研碎放入铜勺内，用茶钟盖住，周围用稠面封严，不让气体跑掉，用微火加热，一会儿闻到樟脑气味时取起，在地上冷却后揭开，药物都升华在钟底，装入瓷器收存。每次用少许塞在痛处，立即痊愈。
牙龈萎缩暴露，用蔓荆子、生地黄、地骨皮、青蒿各一两，郁李根皮二两，每次用五钱水煎，热含冷吐。蚯蚓屎用水调和成泥，烧至通红，研成粉末，腊月猪脂调匀敷贴，每日三次。牙齿松动，用还少丹、地黄丸（见虚损章节）。阴虚内热的，用甘露饮。
牙齿不生，用黑豆三十枚，用牛粪火烧，直到烟尽取出细细研磨，加入少许麝香研匀。先用针挑破不长牙的地方，让血流出再涂药，不可见风，忌食酸咸食物。可用露蜂房散、川升麻散。
牙槽风，牙齿疼痛不止，牙龈肉连及脸颊浮肿、紫黑、出血、腐烂，在口疳药中加入牛黄，加倍珍珠、儿茶，频繁吹入患处。久不愈，牙缝出脓，甚至牙齿脱落，称为牙漏，（上排门牙脱落，不治。）外用吹疳药，内服滋阴降火的药剂。另外牙槽风溃烂后，肿硬不消，流出臭血而不流脓的，称为牙疳。气味臭秽难近，用清胃散。有风加防风，严重的用芜荑消疳汤攻下数次。牙疳腐烂发黑，防止穿腮，用芦荟消疳饮，外用中人白散。病情急骤的，一天腐烂一分，两天腐烂一寸，杀人最快，称为走马疳。鼻梁发红点如朱砂，以及上排门牙脱落的，预后不良，口疳药（见口部章节）加牛黄。小儿痘疹后毒发，多为此证。或用绿矾一块，放在铁锈器上烧干，先用青绢蘸浓茶搅净口腔，然后敷上。如果恶寒喜热，胃气受伤的，用补中益气汤（见虚损章节）。
牙痈，俗名牙蜞，初起时牙龈或上、或下、或内、或外肿硬成条状，用口疳药吹入。牙咬，牙尽头处肿胀。初起势态猛烈，夜间尤其疼痛剧烈，用清阳散火汤，外用金、碧二丹吹入。（均见咽喉章节。）如果牙关紧闭，用黄熟香削成钉状，渐渐撬进，牙关渐开，随即吹药。牙肉肿如豆大，或内或外，无固定位置，先用金丹，后用口疳药。
穿牙疔，先有两日牙痛，发寒热，之后疼痛更甚，牙龈上出现一块紫斑，牙龈肉皆呈紫黑色的是此病。主治用金丹加碧丹吹入，内服凉血、清火、解毒的药剂。已破溃的，口疳药加牛黄。小儿马牙，牙龈上有白色如脆骨状的是此症，即将发出此毒时会打喷嚏，每天用针挑破。牙楚，因吃酸所致，胡桃可解。
(Tooth Extraction)
At the age of eight, men experience the fullness of Kidney Qi, and teeth begin to grow. By the age of twenty-four (three times seven), wisdom teeth emerge. By forty (five times eight), teeth become withered. By sixty-four (eight times eight), teeth fall out. Women follow a similar pattern based on multiples of seven. This is because the Kidneys govern bones, and teeth are considered the surplus of bone, nourished by marrow; thus, their condition fluctuates with the abundance or decline of Tian Gui (the substance governing reproductive function). Additionally, branch vessels of the Stomach Meridian enter the upper teeth, while branch vessels of the Large Intestine Meridian enter the lower teeth. Therefore, when Kidney essence and marrow are sufficient and the stomach and intestines are robust, teeth remain firm and solid; if deficient, teeth become loose. Toothache involves pain in the gingiva at the root of the tooth, caused by Wind-Heat-Dampness pathogens gathering to form fluids and saliva, which clash with the Qi and Blood between the teeth, causing pain. When Damp-Heat is abundant, there is both pain and swelling; when Wind-Heat is abundant, there is pain but little swelling. Furthermore, Damp-Heat generates worms that erode the tooth roots, also causing pain. If Wind-Heat is excessive and clashes with the blood vessels, bleeding occurs; if severe, Qi and Blood rot into pus, discharging foul-smelling fluid, known as Dental Caries (Chu Yu). If the gingival tissue atrophies, exposing the tooth root so it protrudes, it is called Gingival Retraction (Chi Ting). Heat in the Kidneys causes teeth to turn black and wither; exhaustion of Kidney Essence causes the face to turn black as well.
For toothache due to Kidney Deficiency without Heat, there is only loosening without pain. Pain must be caused by Wind-Fire or Worms. Wind can be external or internal; internal wind refers to Heat, while external wind refers to exogenous Cold-Wind. Internal Fire, constrained by external Wind, becomes more intense, resulting in severe pain. There are cases where the head suffers from exogenous Cold-Wind, causing headache radiating to the teeth; these should be treated with Qianghuo Fuzi Decoction to dissipate the pathogen, indicating Kidney Meridian deficiency invaded by Cold-Wind. Teeth belong to the Kidneys, and the brain also belongs to the Kidneys; Cold-Evil invading the Kidneys damages the root, requiring urgent treatment, for delay leads to incurability (True Headache results in death, as mentioned here). Baizhi Powder may also be used. This condition invariably prefers warmth, with no swelling or caries of the teeth, representing an acute illness distinct from chronic dental disease. If the pain does not extend to the head but only to the neck, it is due to external Wind constraining internal Heat; Lifxiao San should be used. For severe pain due to Damp-Heat, Chengqi Tang (see Constipation) should be administered to purge; for mild cases, Qingwei San is appropriate. For pain due to the Six Stagnations (Qi, Blood, Phlegm, Fire, Dampness, Food), Yueju Wan should be used (see Stagnation). For pain due to Wind-Heat, Duohuo San is indicated; if ineffective, Yinchensan is used. For pain due to Middle Qi Deficiency (where Clear Yang fails to ascend and Turbid Fire flares upward), Buzhong Yiqi Tang should be used (see Qi Deficiency; this condition often presents with distension in the gum spaces preventing chewing). For Heat in the Kidney Meridian due to deficiency, Liuwei Wan is prescribed (see Deficiency Syndromes). If various syndromes cannot be distinguished in detail, Xiaofeng San (see Headache) may be applied topically. Additionally, Chaohei Xiangfu (Charred Cyperi Rhizoma) 3 fen and Chao Yan (Fried Salt) 1 fen, ground together, may be rubbed on the area. Alternatively, Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) and Hujiao (Piperis Longi Fructus) ground into powder can be rubbed for immediate relief. If cooling herbs worsen toothache, contrary treatment (Fan Zuo) should be employed: Bi Bo (Long Pepper Fruit), Chuanjiao (Sichuan Pepper), Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Zhangnao (Borneolum Syntheticum), and Qingyan (Halitum) ground into powder and rubbed will dissipate heat without stagnation. For pain relieved by cold and aggravated by heat, where the patient constantly desires cool air, use the bitter-cold properties of Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) and Wutonglü (Styphnolobii Semen) combined with the acrid-cool properties of Boheye (Menthae Haplocalycis Folium) and Jingjiesui (Schizonepetae Spica) to treat Damp-Heat. Add Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) to guide to the Stomach Meridian, Yangjiaohui (Cornu Bubali Ash) to guide to the Kidney Meridian, and a small amount of Shexiang (Moschus) ground into powder for topical application. Also administer Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (see Constipation) minus Mangxiao, plus Huanglian, to purge three to five times. For unbearable pain due to Stomach Heat radiating to the head, with facial fever and severe pain, where teeth prefer cold and dislike heat, use Qingwei San. Some cases hurt upon exposure to cold due to constrained Heat; some dislike Wind-Cold because Heat is constrained by Wind-Cold, leading to aversion; Jifeicao San (see Cough) is indicated. For red flesh protruding from gum spaces, Xiaofeng San (see Headache) taken with tea before bed is suitable. Decoct Jingjie, Fangfeng, Baizhi, and Fengfang (Vespa Nidus) for frequent mouth rinsing. Cases with simultaneous aversion to cold and heat involve mixed Cold-Heat pathogens; Danggui Longdan San or Yizhi Mulu San are appropriate. If aversion to cold exceeds aversion to heat (Cold > Heat), Caodoukou San is used. If aversion to heat exceeds aversion to cold (Heat > Cold), Lifxiao San or Shexiang San are used. For upper toothache, Shengma San is used; for those disliking heat, moxa is applied to Zusanli (ST36). For lower toothache, Baizhi San is used; for those disliking cold, moxa is applied to Sanjian (LI3). For Kidney Deficiency causing floating gums, loosening, impending loss, and pain, select Liuwei Wan, Bawei Wan (both see Deficiency Syndromes), or Heixi Dan (see Hiccups). Progressive elongation of teeth making eating difficult is called Marrow Overflow (Sui Yi), caused by Kidney Water failing to store and floating superficially; wash the mouth and drink Baizhu decoction. Regular brushing with Laoya San, Baiya San, or Yangjing San strengthens teeth.
Dental caries persisting for years should be treated as Yangming Blood Accumulation; Taoren Chengqi Tang (see Blood Syndromes) dosage, prepared as pills, is taken. Alcoholics are prone to this (refer to Epistaxis in Blood Syndromes). For worm-caused toothache, insert Lushui (Aloe) and Baijiaoxiang (Elemi Resin) into the cavity. Insert sharp pine resin into the hole; after a moment, worms crawl out onto the resin. Rinse with warm rice vinegar to remove worms for cure. Smoke Tianxianzi (Datura Seed) using a bamboo tube against the tooth to fumigate until worms die. Place oil-mixed Jiuzi (Allii Tuberosi Semen) on a water tile, burn smoke over a bowl of water covered by a funnel to fumigate teeth; needle-like worms fall into the water. For pain in empty cavities after worm expulsion, roast Ruxiang (Olibanum) until soft and pack the site. Mix Zhangnao and Chuanjiao (5 fen each), grind, place in a copper spoon, cover with a tea cup, seal edges with thick flour paste to prevent gas escape, apply gentle heat. When Borneol scent is detected, remove, cool on ground, open, collect sublimated medicine from cup bottom, store in porcelain. Apply small amount to painful spot for immediate relief.
For gingival recession, decoct Manjingzi (Viticis Fructus), Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Digupi (Lycii Cortex), Qinghao (Artemisiae Annuae Herba) each 1 liang, and Yuligenpi (Prunus Humilis Root Bark) 2 liang. Use 5 qian per dose, decoct in water, hold hot in mouth, spit out when cool. Mix earthworm feces with water to make mud, fire until red-hot, grind to powder, mix with pig fat from the twelfth lunar month, apply externally three times daily. For loose teeth, use Huanshao Dan or Dihuang Wan (see Deficiency Syndromes). For Yin Deficiency with internal Heat, use Ganlu Yin.
For failure of teeth to erupt, take 30 black beans, burn with cow dung until smoke ceases, grind finely, add a little Shexiang (Moschus), mix evenly. First prick the non-erupting area with a needle to draw blood, then apply medicine. Avoid wind; avoid sour and salty foods. Lu Fengfang San or Chuan Shengma San may be used.
Alveolar Pyorrhea (Yacao Feng) involves persistent toothache, swelling of gingiva extending to cheeks, purple-black discoloration, bleeding, and putrefaction. Add Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis) to Kougan medicines, double Zhenzhu (Pearl) and Ercha (Camellia Leaf Extract), and blow frequently into the lesion. If unhealed for a long time, pus discharges from gum spaces, eventually causing tooth loss, termed Alveolar Fistula (Ya Lou); (loss of upper central incisors is incurable). Use external blowing powders for Kan (mouth ulcers), internally use Yin-nourishing and Fire-descending formulas. After ulceration of Alveolar Pyorrhea, if swelling and hardness persist without pus discharge but with foul blood, it is termed Alveolar Gangrene (Ya Gan). The odor is repulsive; use Qingwei San. Add Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) if Wind is present; for severe cases, use Wuyi Xiao Gan Tang to purge several times. For blackened gangrenous lesions, preventing cheek perforation, use Lushui Xiao Gan Yin externally and Renzhongbai (Urinae Siccata) powder externally. Rapid progression, rotting one fen per day or one cun per two days, killing fastest, is called Running Horse Gangrene (Zou Ma Gan). Red spots on nasal bridge like cinnabar or loss of upper central incisors indicate death; add Niuhuang to Kougan medicines (see Mouth). Post-smallpox toxin eruption often manifests as this syndrome. Alternatively, burn Lvfan (Green Vitriol) on a rusty iron vessel until dry. Clean mouth with green silk dipped in strong tea, then apply. If aversion to cold and preference for heat indicates Stomach Qi injury, use Buzhong Yiqi Tang (see Deficiency Syndromes).
Dental Abscess (Ya Yong), commonly known as Ya Qi, initially presents as linear swelling and hardness of gingiva above, below, inside, or outside. Blow Kougan medicine into it. "Ya Yao" refers to swelling at the end of the teeth. Initial stage is vigorous, with severe night pain; treat with Qingyang Sanhuo Tang, externally blow Jin Dan and Bi Dan (both see Throat). If trismus (lockjaw) occurs, carve Huangshu Xiang (Benzoin Resin) into a nail, gradually pry open the jaw, then apply blowing powder. Gingival swelling like a bean, located variably inside or outside, first treat with Jin Dan, then Kougan medicine.
Penetrating Dental Carbuncle (Chuan Ya Ding) begins with two days of toothache and chills/fever, followed by intensified pain and a purple patch on the gingiva with purple-black discoloration. Treat with Jin Dan and Bi Dan blown into the site, internally administer Blood-cooling, Fire-clearing, and Detoxifying agents. If ruptured, add Niuhuang to Kougan medicine. Infantile "Horse Teeth" appear as white, brittle-bone-like structures on the gingiva; sneezing precedes this toxicity. Prick daily with a needle. "Ya Chu" (tooth soreness) is caused by acidic food; walnuts resolve it.
Generalized gingival bleeding: Grind Gouqi (Lycii Fructus), decoct for rinsing, then swallow; bleeding stops immediately. Alternatively, burn horse manure to ash (retain nature), rub on gums for immediate hemostasis.
To extract teeth: Grind Fengxianhua Zi (Impatiens Balsamina Seed), sprinkle on gum root for natural detachment. Gan Yuzanhua Gen (Disporum Cantoniense Root) is also effective.