不得汗，虽被覆火灼亦无，邪初发，定在半表半里。至于传变，有出表者，有
入里者，有表里分传者。凡见有表复有里之病，必先攻里，里邪去而后得汗。若里
气壅滞，阳气不舒，四肢且厥，安能气液蒸蒸以达，长此，如水注闭其后窍，
不能涓滴。凡见表里分传之证，务宜承气，里气一通，不待发散，多有自能汗解。
不然者，虽大剂麻黄汤连进，非唯一毫无汗，且加烦躁矣。
战汗，邪先表后里，忽得战汗，经气舒泄，当即脉静身凉，烦渴顿除。若应下
失下，气消血耗，欲作战汗，但战而不汗者危，以中气亏敝，但能陷降，不能升发
也。次日当期复战，厥回汗出者生，厥不回汗不出者死，以正气脱，不胜邪也。战
而厥回无汗者，真阳尚在，表气枯涸也，可使渐愈。战而不复，忽痉者必死。凡战
不可扰动，但可温覆，扰动则战而中止，次日当期复战。（凡战而汗不出，宜大剂归、地加参
内托。）
自汗，不因发散，自然汗出，邪欲去也。若身热大渴，脉长洪而数，宜白虎汤，
得战汗方解。若下后得自汗，数日不止，热甚汗甚，热微汗微，此表有留邪，实病
也，邪尽汗止。如不止者，柴胡汤佐之，表解汗当自止。设有三阳经证，当照前用
本经药加减法。若误以认表虚自汗，用实表止汗之剂则误矣。有里证，时当盛暑，
宜白虎汤。若面无神，唇刮白，表里无阳证，喜饮热，畏冷，脉微，忽自汗为虚脱。
夜发昼死，昼发夜死，急当峻补，补不及者死。大病愈后数日，每饮食及惊动即汗，
此表里虚怯，宜人参养荣汤∶人参、麦冬、五味子、地黄、归身、白芍、知母、陈
皮、甘草，黄 倍加。
盗汗，里证下后得盗汗者，内有微邪也。凡人目瞑，卫气行于阴，今内有伏热，
两阳相搏，则腠理开而盗汗出。若伏热一尽，盗汗自止。如不止，柴胡汤佐之。柴
胡（三钱）、黄芩（一钱）、陈皮（一钱）、甘草（一钱）、生姜（一钱）、大枣（二个），煎服。
愈后脉静身凉，数日后反得盗汗及自汗，属表虚，宜黄 汤∶ 黄 （三钱）、五味（三钱）、
当归、白术、（各一钱。）甘草（五分。）仍不止，加麻黄根（一钱五分）。如有热者属实，不宜用此。
狂汗，邪将去而欲汗解，因其人禀素壮，阳气盛，不能顿开，（三句当改云∶阳浮盛于
表，躁扰不宁。）忽然坐卧不安，发狂躁，少倾大汗而躁止，脉静身凉，霍然而愈。
发斑，邪留血分，里气壅闭，则伏邪不得外透为斑。若下之，内壅一通，则卫
气疏畅，透表为斑，而邪外解矣。若下后斑渐出，不可更大下，设有宜下证，少与
承气汤缓缓下之。若复大下，中气不振，斑毒内陷则危，宜托里举斑汤∶白芍、当
归、（各一钱。）升麻（五分）、白芷、柴胡、（各七分。）穿山甲（炙黄二钱。）水、姜煎服。如下后斑渐出
复大下，斑毒复隐，反加循衣摸床，撮空理线，脉渐微者危，本方加人参一钱，补
不及者死。若未下而先发斑者，设有下证，少与承气汤，须从缓下。
热结旁流，久痢清水，夺液不得汗。疫证失下，或挟热下利，脉沉，久不下之，
致津液枯竭，后虽下，里证去矣。脉虽浮，宜汗而不得汗，此为夺液无汗。然里邪
既去，但得饮食少进，十数日后，中气利下。当作战汗而解。（可滋其阴，阴液内充外溢，自然得汗。）
不出汗，即使覆盖厚被、靠近火源烘烤也无汗出。邪气初发时，必定处于半表半里之间。至于病邪的传变，有的向外透达至表，有的向内传入里，有的则在表里之间同时传变。凡是见到既有表证又有里证的病症，必须先攻逐里邪，待里邪去除后才能出汗。如果里气壅滞不通，阳气不能舒展，四肢出现厥冷，怎么能通过气液蒸腾外达而汗出呢？长此以往，就像水注堵塞了后窍，无法滴出一滴水一样。凡见到表里分传的证候，务必使用承气汤类方剂，只要里气通畅，不等待发散药物，大多能自然汗出而解。否则的话，即使大剂量连续服用麻黄汤，不仅毫无汗出，还会加重烦躁症状。
战汗，是邪气先由表入里的过程。突然发生战栗并随之汗出，这是经气得以舒展宣泄的表现，此时应当脉象平静、身体凉爽，烦渴症状立刻消除。如果到了应当用下法的时候却失于使用下法，导致正气消损、血液耗伤，想要发生战汗，但只战栗而不汗出的情况很危险，这是因为中气亏败，只能陷降而不能升发。第二天应该预期再次发生战栗，如果四肢回暖、汗出则生，如果四肢不回温、无汗出则死，这是因为正气脱失，无法抵御邪气。战栗后四肢回暖但无汗出的，说明真阳尚存，只是表气枯涸，可以使病情逐渐好转。战栗后不再继续，忽然出现痉病的必然死亡。凡是遇到战汗，不可扰动患者，只可给予温暖覆盖，如果扰动会导致战栗中止，第二天应当预期再次发生战栗。（凡是战栗而汗不出者，宜用大剂量当归、地黄加入人参以扶助正气内托。）
自汗，不是因发散药物引起，而是自然汗出，这是邪气欲去的表现。如果身体发热、极度口渴，脉象长洪且数，适宜使用白虎汤，等到发生战汗后病邪才能解除。如果在攻下之后出现自汗，持续数日不止，热势重则汗出多，热势轻则汗出少，这是表部有留滞的邪气，属于实证，邪气排尽汗才会停止。如果汗仍不止，可用柴胡汤辅助治疗，表邪解除后汗自然会止。假如出现三阳经的证候，应当按照前面所述的本经药物加减法使用。如果错误地将其认定为表虚自汗，使用固表止汗的药剂则是误治。如果有里证，正值盛夏酷暑，适宜使用白虎汤。如果面色无神，唇舌刮之苍白，表里均无阳热证候，喜欢喝热水，怕冷，脉象微弱，忽然自汗则是虚脱的表现。夜间发病白天死亡，白天发病夜间死亡，急需峻补，如果补益不及则死。大病痊愈后数日内，每当饮食或受惊动就出汗，这是表里虚怯，适宜用人参养荣汤：人参、麦冬、五味子、地黄、当归身、白芍、知母、陈皮、甘草，黄芪加倍用量。
盗汗，在里证攻下后出现盗汗的，说明体内有微弱的邪气。当人闭上眼睛睡眠时，卫气行于阴分，现在体内有伏热，两阳相搏结，则腠理开泄而盗汗出。如果伏热完全清除，盗汗自然停止。如果汗仍不止，可用柴胡汤辅助治疗。柴胡（三钱）、黄芩（一钱）、陈皮（一钱）、甘草（一钱）、生姜（一钱）、大枣（二个），煎服。大病痊愈后脉象平静、身体凉爽，数日后反而出现盗汗及自汗，属于表虚，适宜用黄芪汤：黄芪（三钱）、五味子（三钱）、当归、白术（各一钱）、甘草（五分）。如果仍不止，加麻黄根（一钱五分）。如果有热象则属实证，不宜使用此方。
狂汗，是邪气将要离去而欲通过汗出解除，因为患者体质素来强壮，阳气旺盛，不能顿时开通，（这三句应改为：阳气浮盛于体表，躁扰不宁。）忽然坐卧不安，发狂躁动，片刻后大汗淋漓而躁动停止，脉象平静、身体凉爽，霍然而愈。
发斑，邪气留滞在血分，里气壅闭，导致伏邪不能向外透发为斑。如果使用下法，内部壅滞一通，则卫气疏畅，邪气透达体表形成斑疹，从而邪气外解。如果攻下后斑疹逐渐发出，不可再大幅攻下，假设有应当攻下的证候，少量给予承气汤缓缓攻下。如果再次大幅攻下，中气不振，斑毒内陷则危险，适宜使用托里举斑汤：白芍、当归（各一钱）、升麻（五分）、白芷、柴胡（各七分）、穿山甲（炙黄二钱），用水、生姜煎服。如果攻下后斑疹渐出又再次大幅攻下，斑毒重新隐没，反而出现循衣摸床、撮空理线等症状，脉象逐渐微弱则危险，本方加人参一钱，如果补益不及则死。如果未攻下而先发斑的，假设有攻下证候，少量给予承气汤，必须从缓攻下。
热结旁流，长期痢疾排出清水，津液被夺故不得汗出。疫病证候失于攻下，或者挟带热邪下利，脉象沉，长时间不攻下，导致津液枯竭，后来虽然用了下法，里证去除了。脉象虽然浮，适宜发汗却不得汗出，这是因为津液被夺而无汗可出。然而里邪既然已经去除，只要饮食稍进，十数日后，中气恢复下行。应当发生战汗而病解。（可以滋养其阴，阴液内充外溢，自然能够得汗。）
No sweating occurs; even with thick coverings and proximity to fire, there is no sweat. When the pathogenic factor initially emerges, it must be located in the half-exterior, half-interior region. Regarding the transmission of the disease, some pathogens emerge to the exterior, some enter the interior, and some transmit simultaneously between the exterior and interior. Whenever both exterior and interior syndromes are present, one must first attack the interior pathogens; only after the interior pathogens are eliminated can sweating occur. If the interior qi is congested and obstructed, and yang qi cannot circulate freely, resulting in cold limbs (Jue), how can the body generate steam-like qi and fluid dynamics to reach the surface and produce sweat? In such a prolonged state, it is like a water channel blocked at its outlet, unable to drip a single drop. For syndromes involving simultaneous transmission to the exterior and interior, it is essential to use Chengqi Tang (Cathartic Powder). Once the interior qi is unblocked, spontaneous sweating and resolution often occur without the need for diaphoretic herbs. Otherwise, even if large doses of Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) are administered continuously, not only will there be no sweat, but irritability will worsen.
Zhanhan (Shivering Sweat) occurs when the pathogen moves from the exterior to the interior. Sudden shivering followed by sweating indicates that the meridian qi is舒展 (unfolding) and venting. At this point, the pulse should become calm, the body cool, and irritability and thirst should instantly resolve. If purgation was indicated but neglected, leading to depletion of qi and consumption of blood, the patient may attempt to produce Zhanhan but only shiver without sweating; this is critical because the Middle Qi is deficient and collapsing, capable only of sinking rather than ascending. On the following day, another episode of shivering is expected. If the limbs warm up and sweat appears, the patient lives; if the limbs remain cold and no sweat appears, the patient dies, due to the exhaustion of righteous qi which cannot overcome the pathogen. If shivering occurs, limbs warm up, but no sweat appears, it indicates that True Yang still exists, but the exterior qi is dry and depleted; gradual recovery is possible. If shivering stops abruptly and spasms (Jing) suddenly appear, death is certain. During Zhanhan, the patient must not be disturbed; only warm covering is allowed. Disturbance will interrupt the shivering process, and another episode is expected on the next day. (For cases where shivering occurs but no sweat follows, large doses of Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), and Renshen (Ginseng Radix) should be used to support the interior.)
Zihan (Spontaneous Sweating) refers to natural sweating not induced by diaphoretic herbs, indicating that the pathogen is departing. If accompanied by high fever, severe thirst, and a long, surging, and rapid pulse, Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) is appropriate; resolution occurs after Zhanhan. If spontaneous sweating persists for several days after purgation, with sweating proportional to the heat intensity (more heat, more sweat; less heat, less sweat), this indicates lingering pathogens in the exterior and constitutes an excess syndrome; sweating stops only when all pathogens are expelled. If sweating does not cease, Chaihu Tang (Bupleurum Decoction) can be used as an adjunct; once the exterior is resolved, sweating will stop naturally. If syndromes of the Three Yang meridians are present, follow the previously mentioned methods of modifying herbs specific to each meridian. Mistaking this for deficiency-type spontaneous sweating and using consolidating and antiperspirant formulas would be an error. If there are interior syndromes during midsummer heat, Baihu Tang is suitable. If the face lacks spirit, lips are pale upon scraping, there are no exterior or interior heat signs, the patient prefers hot drinks, fears cold, and has a faint pulse, sudden spontaneous sweating indicates collapse of deficiency. Death may occur if onset is at night and resolves by day, or vice versa; urgent vigorous tonification is required, and if tonification fails, death ensues. Several days after recovery from a major illness, sweating triggered by diet or emotional disturbance indicates deficiency and fragility of both exterior and interior; Ren Shen Yang Rong Tang (Ginseng Nourishing the Spirit Decoction) is indicated: Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Tuber), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), and Huangqi (Astragali Radix) doubled in dosage.
Daohan (Night Sweating) occurring after purgation of interior syndromes indicates slight residual pathogens within. When a person closes their eyes to sleep, Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) enters the Yin aspect. If latent heat exists internally, the interaction of two Yangs causes the pores (Couli) to open, resulting in night sweating. Once the latent heat is completely cleared, night sweating ceases spontaneously. If it persists, Chaihu Tang (Bupleurum Decoction) can be used as an adjunct: Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, 3 qian), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 1 qian), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 1 qian), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 1 qian), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 1 qian), Dazao (Jujubae Fructus, 2 pieces), decocted and taken orally. After recovery, when the pulse is calm and the body cool, if night sweating and spontaneous sweating recur after several days, it belongs to exterior deficiency; Huangqi Tang (Astragalus Decoction) is indicated: Huangqi (Astragali Radix, 3 qian), Wuwei (Schisandrae Fructus, 3 qian), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 1 qian each), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 qian). If sweating continues, add Mahuanggen (Ephedrae Radix et Rhizoma Caudex, 1.5 qian). If heat signs are present, it is an excess syndrome, and this formula is contraindicated.
Kuanghan (Manic Sweating) occurs when the pathogen is about to depart and resolve through sweating. Because the patient’s constitution is robust and Yang qi is abundant, the opening cannot happen instantly. (These three sentences should be revised to: Yang qi floats abundantly on the exterior, causing restlessness and agitation.) The patient suddenly becomes restless, sitting and lying down uncomfortably, exhibiting manic agitation. After a short while, profuse sweating occurs, agitation ceases, the pulse becomes calm, the body cools, and the patient recovers abruptly.
Fabang (Manifestation of Macules/Petechiae) occurs when pathogens linger in the Blood aspect, and interior congestion blocks the outward penetration of latent pathogens, preventing them from manifesting as macules. If purgation is applied, the internal congestion clears, allowing Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) to circulate freely, enabling pathogens to penetrate the exterior as macules, thereby resolving externally. If macules gradually appear after purgation, do not administer heavy purgatives again. If there are indications for purgation, administer Chengqi Tang (Cathartic Powder) in small amounts slowly. If heavy purgation is repeated, Middle Qi will fail to rise, and macule toxins may sink inward, creating danger; Tuoli Jubang Tang (Support Interior and Raise Macules Decoction) is indicated: Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, 1 qian each), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 0.5 qian), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, 0.7 fen each), Shanjia (Manis Squama, roasted yellow, 2 qian), decocted with water and ginger. If macules appear gradually after purgation but heavy purgation is repeated, causing toxins to recede, and symptoms such as grasping at bedclothes (Xunyimo Chuang) and picking at empty air (Cuokong Li Xian) appear with a gradually faint pulse, the condition is critical; add Renshen (Ginseng Radix, 1 qian) to the base formula. If tonification fails, death ensues. If macules appear before any purgation, and purgation is indicated, administer Chengqi Tang (Cathartic Powder) in small amounts, proceeding slowly.
Rejie Pangliu (Heat Binding with Peripheral Flow) involves chronic dysentery with clear watery stools, where fluids are depleted, preventing sweating. In epidemic diseases, neglecting purgation or having diarrhea mixed with heat leads to a deep pulse. Prolonged failure to purge results in exhaustion of body fluids. Even if purgation is later applied and interior syndromes resolve, if the pulse remains floating but sweating cannot be induced, this is "fluid depletion without sweat." However, since interior pathogens have been removed, if dietary intake improves slightly, after ten or so days, Middle Qi will recover and descend. Zhanhan (Shivering Sweat) should then occur, leading to resolution. (Yin can be nourished; once Yin fluids are充盈 (replenished) internally and overflow externally, sweating will occur naturally.)