肉痹者,饮食不节,膏粱肥美之所为也。脾者肉之本,气以食,则肉不荣,皮肤不泽,
则纹理疏。凡风寒暑湿之邪易为入,故久不治则为肉痹也。肉痹之状,其先能食,而不能充
悦,四肢缓而不收持者也。其右关脉按举皆无力,而往来涩也。宜节饮食以调其脏,常起居
以安其脾,然后根据经补泻,以求其愈也。
筋痹者,由怒叫无时,行步奔急,淫邪伤肝,肝失其气,因而寒热所客,久而不去,流
入筋会,则使人筋急而不能舒缓也,故名曰筋痹。宜活血以补肝,温气以养肾。然后服饵汤
圆,治得其理,合自瘳矣。不然则害人,其脉左关中弦急而数,浮沉而有力也。
骨痹者,乃嗜欲不节伤于肾也。气内消则不能关禁,中上俱乱,三焦之气,痞而不通,
饮食糟粕,精气日衰,邪气妄入,上冲心舌,其候为不语;中犯脾胃,其证为不充;下流腰
膝,其象为不遂;旁攻四肢,则为不仁。寒在中则脉迟,热在中则脉数,风在中则脉浮,湿
在中则脉濡,虚在中则脉滑,其证不一,要在详明耳。
人病中风偏枯,其脉数而面干黑黧,手足不遂,言语謇涩。治之奈何?在上则吐之,在
中则泻之,在下则补之,在外则发之、温之、按之、熨之。吐谓出其涎也,泻谓通其塞也,
补谓益其不足也,发谓发其汗也。温为驱其湿也,按谓散其气也,熨谓助其阳也。治各合其
宜,安可一揆,在求其本。脉浮则发之,滑则吐之,脉伏而涩则泻之,脉紧则温之,脉迟则
熨之,脉闭则按之,要察其可否,故不能揆治者也。
肉痹,是由于饮食没有节制,长期食用油腻精美食物所导致的。脾是肌肉的根本,脾气依赖饮食滋养,若饮食失宜则肌肉得不到荣养,皮肤失去光泽,腠理变得疏松。凡是风寒暑湿等外邪容易侵入,所以长久不治疗就会形成肉痹。肉痹的症状表现是:起初能够进食,但身体不能丰盈悦泽,四肢松弛无力而不能持物。其右关脉无论轻取还是重按都显得无力,且脉象往来涩滞。应当节制饮食以调和脏腑,规律起居以安养脾胃,然后根据经络进行补泻治疗,以求痊愈。
筋痹,是因为情绪愤怒、大声呼叫没有节制,行走奔跑急促,淫邪损伤肝脏,导致肝气失调,进而寒热之邪客居体内,长久不去,流入筋的聚会之处,使人筋脉拘急而不能舒缓,所以名叫筋痹。应当活血以补益肝脏,温煦气机以滋养肾脏。然后服用汤剂或丸药,只要治疗符合医理,自然能够痊愈。否则将会损害人体健康。其脉象表现为左关脉弦急而数,浮取沉取皆有力。
骨痹,是由于嗜欲没有节制而损伤肾脏所致。肾气在内消减,则不能固摄关禁,中焦上焦均出现紊乱,三焦之气痞塞而不通,饮食糟粕难以转化,精气日益衰败,邪气妄行侵入,向上冲犯心舌,症状表现为不能言语;向中侵犯脾胃,症状表现为形体不充盛;向下流注腰膝,症状表现为肢体瘫痪不用;向旁攻袭四肢,症状表现为麻木不仁。寒邪在中则脉象迟缓,热邪在中则脉象数疾,风邪在中则脉象浮浅,湿邪在中则脉象濡软,虚邪在中则脉象滑利,证候各不相同,关键在于详细辨明。
人患中风偏枯病,脉象数疾且面色干枯黑黧,手足不能随意运动,言语謇涩不利。如何治疗呢?病位在上则用吐法,病位在中则用泻法,病位在下则用补法,病位在表则用发汗、温熨、按摩、热敷等方法。吐是指排出体内的涎沫,泻是指疏通闭塞,补是指增益不足,发是指发汗。温是指驱散湿气,按是指消散郁结之气,熨是指助长阳气。治疗各自适合相应的方法,怎能一概而论,关键在于探求疾病的根本。脉浮则用发汗法,脉滑则用吐法,脉伏而涩则用泻法,脉紧则用温法,脉迟则用熨法,脉闭则用按摩法,关键在于考察是否适宜,所以不能机械地统一治疗方法。
Rou Bi (Flesh Bi, a type of Bi syndrome affecting muscles and flesh) is caused by irregular diet and the excessive consumption of rich, fatty, and sweet foods. The Spleen is the root of the flesh; its Qi depends on food for nourishment. If dietary habits are improper, the flesh will not receive proper Ying-nourishment, the skin will lose its luster, and the texture (pores/collagen structure) will become loose. Consequently, pathogenic factors such as Wind, Cold, Summer-heat, and Dampness easily invade. If left untreated for a long time, it develops into Rou Bi. The manifestation of Rou Bi includes: initially, the patient can eat but lacks physical vigor and plumpness; the four limbs are flaccid and weak, unable to hold objects. The pulse at the Right Guan position is powerless whether lightly or heavily pressed, and the pulse flow is choppy and stagnant. Treatment should involve regulating the Zang-fu organs through dietary restraint and calming the Spleen through regular daily routines. Subsequently, tonification and sedation should be applied according to the meridians to seek recovery.
Jin Bi (Tendon Bi, a type of Bi syndrome affecting tendons and sinews) arises from uncontrolled anger and shouting, hurried walking and running, which allow perverse pathogens to injure the Liver. This causes the Liver Qi to lose its smooth flow. Subsequently, Cold and Heat pathogens lodge in the body. If they persist for a long time without resolving, they flow into the meeting point of the tendons, causing the tendons to become tight and unable to relax, hence named Jin Bi. Treatment should focus on invigorating Blood to tonify the Liver and warming Qi to nourish the Kidney. Then, administering decoctions or pills, if the treatment follows proper principles, recovery will naturally occur. Otherwise, it will harm the person. The pulse presents as wiry, rapid, floating, deep, and forceful at the Left Guan position.
Gu Bi (Bone Bi, a type of Bi syndrome affecting bones) results from immoderate desires injuring the Kidney. Internal depletion of Qi leads to an inability to secure and close the gates (orifices/essence), causing chaos in the Middle and Upper Jiao. The Qi of the Triple Burner becomes obstructed and blocked. Dietary residues fail to transform properly, Jing-Essence declines day by day, and pathogenic Qi intrudes recklessly. It rushes upward to attack the Heart and Tongue, manifesting as aphasia (inability to speak); it attacks the Middle (Spleen and Stomach), manifesting as emaciation/lack of fullness; it flows downward to the Waist and Knees, manifesting as paralysis/inability to move; it attacks laterally to the Four Limbs, manifesting as anesthesia/numbness. Cold in the interior presents with a slow pulse; Heat in the interior presents with a rapid pulse; Wind in the interior presents with a floating pulse; Dampness in the interior presents with a soggy pulse; Deficiency in the interior presents with a slippery pulse. The syndromes vary, so careful differentiation is essential.
When a person suffers from Zhong Feng Pian Ku (Wind Stroke with Hemiplegia), the pulse is rapid, the face is dry and dark/blackened, the hands and feet are paralyzed/unable to move, and speech is slurred/stiff. How should it be treated? For lesions in the Upper part, use the Vomiting method; for the Middle part, use the Purging method; for the Lower part, use the Tonifying method; for the Exterior part, use Sweating, Warming, Pressing, and Hot Compress methods. "Vomiting" refers to expelling phlegm-saliva; "Purging" refers to unblocking obstructions; "Tonifying" refers to replenishing deficiencies; "Sweating" refers to inducing perspiration. "Warming" refers to driving out Dampness; "Pressing" refers to dispersing stagnant Qi; "Hot Compress" refers to assisting Yang Qi. Treatments must suit the specific situation; how can they be uniform? One must seek the root cause. A floating pulse indicates the need for Sweating; a slippery pulse indicates the need for Vomiting; a hidden and choppy pulse indicates the need for Purging; a tight pulse indicates the need for Warming; a slow pulse indicates the need for Hot Compress; a closed pulse indicates the need for Pressing. One must examine suitability, thus treatment cannot be rigidly standardized.