掐，《说文》∶爪刺也。《玉篇》∶爪按曰掐。周于蕃曰∶掐，由甲入也。夏禹铸曰∶
以掐
代针也。小儿久病且重者，先将人中一掐以试之，当即有哭声，或连哭数声者生，否则，哭
如鸦声，或绝无声者，难治。但医者仍勿轻弃，以期生机于万一，是一好生之德也。
掐法，以大指甲按主治之穴，或轻或重，相机行之。
一、掐大横纹。大横纹，即总心经，小天心，在掌根处，为诸经之祖。以指甲掐之，众
经皆
动，百病皆效。其嗽甚，再掐中指一节，痰多再掐手背一节。指甲。为筋之余，掐内止吐，
掐外止泻。(《按摩经》)
一、掐大指端。大指端即肝记穴，又名皮罢。掐之治吼喘，并治昏迷不醒者。(周于蕃)
一、掐心经。心经在中指第一节，掐之，治咳嗽，发热出汗。(《按摩经》)
一、掐内劳宫。内劳宫即掌心，掐之，亦治发热出汗。(《按摩经》)
一、掐脾土。脾土在大指第一节。曲指左转为补，直推为泻。治饮食不进，瘦弱面黄，
四肢无力，肚起青筋(《按摩经》)
一、掐大肠侧。大肠侧在食指二节侧。倒推入虎口，治水泻痢疾，肚腹膨胀。红痢补肾
水，白痢推三关。(《按摩经》)
一、掐肺经。肺经在无名指第一节。又掐离宫起至干宫止。当中轻，两头重，治咳嗽化
痰，昏迷呕吐。(《按摩经》)
一、掐肾经。肾经在小指第一节。又掐小横纹，退六腑，治大便不通，小便赤色涩滞不
利，腹胀气急，人事昏迷。(《按摩经》)
一、掐总筋。总筋在掌后，由总筋掐过天河水，能清心火，治口内生疮，遍身潮热，夜
间啼哭，四肢抽掣。(《按摩经》)
一、掐二扇门。二扇门在中指骨两边空处，掐后以揉法继之。治壮热多汗，并治急惊，
口眼歪斜。偏左则右掐揉，偏右则左掐揉，均宜重。(《按摩经》)
一、掐二人上马。穴注上。主和温之性，能补肾，清神， 顺气，苏醒沉 。《按摩
经》掐后以揉法继之。(周于蕃)
一、掐外劳宫。外劳宫在掌背中间，与内劳宫相对。能清脏腑热，以及午后潮热，腹见
青筋，皆可用。(《按摩经》)掐后以揉法继之。(周于蕃)
一、掐一窝风。一窝风在掌背尽根处。治肚痛，唇白，眼翻白、一哭一死，并除风去热
。(《按摩经》)掐后以揉法继之。(周于蕃)
一、掐外间使。外间使，在掌背一窝风、阳池、外关之后，与内间使相对。掐主温和，
治吐泻转筋。(周于蕃)
一、掐五指节。五指节在手背指节高纹处。治伤风，被水惊吓，四肢抽掣，面青，并一
切惊证。(《按摩经》)掐后以揉法继之，治口眼歪斜，咳嗽风痰。(周于蕃)
一、掐精宁。精宁在手背合谷后，一窝风之上。治痰喘气吼 ，干呕痞积。(《按摩经》
)掐后以揉法继之。(周于蕃)
一、掐威灵。威灵在手背二人上马后，一窝风之下。治急惊暴死。掐此处，有声可治，
无声难治。(《按摩经》)揉后以揉法继之，并按合谷穴。(周于蕃)
一、掐阳池。阳池在手背一窝风之后。清补肾水，治大小便闭，眼翻白。(《按摩经》)
掐后以揉法继之。治头痛风寒无汗，为表散之法。(周于蕃)
一、掐四横纹。四横纹在阳掌面，二节横纹处。治口眼歪斜，止腹痛，退脏腑热。(《
广意》)
一、掐小横纹。小横纹，在四横纹之上，指节横纹处。治口唇破烂，能退热除烦。(《
广意》)掐十王。十王在五指甲侧，能退热。(《广意》)
一、掐端正，端正在左者，中指端左侧，掐之止泻。端正在右者，中指端右侧，掐之止
吐。《广意》
一、掐委中。委中在膝后弯中有纹处，治往前跌闷。(《广意》)
一、掐内庭。内庭在足大指、次指外间陷中。治往后跌闷。(《广意》)
一、掐太冲。太冲在足大指本节后，动脉中。治危急之证，舌吐者不治。(《广意》)
一、掐甘载。甘载在掌背合谷后。能救危险，能祛鬼祟。(《广意》)
一、掐大敦。大敦在足大指端，去爪甲韭叶许，毛中。屈大指掐之，治鹰爪惊握拳切牙
者。
(《广意》)
一、掐前承山。前承山在足三里下，与后承山相对。掐之，治惊来急速者(《广意》)
一、掐后承山。后承山在足后跟去地一尺。掐之治气吼，发汗，消痰食痞积。(《广意
》)
一、凡掐筋之法，何证何穴，先将主病穴，起手掐三遍，后将诸穴掐三遍，掐后揉之，
每日掐三四次，其病自退，不可忽视。(《按摩经》)
一、掐老龙。老龙在男左女右无名指巅。掐之治急惊风，无声者方可治。(《广意》)
一、掐中指甲。医者，以大指入儿中指甲内，着力掐之，治急慢惊。(周于蕃)
掐法，在《说文解字》中解释为：用指甲刺入。《玉篇》中解释为：用指甲按压称为掐。周于蕃说：掐，是指由指甲进入体内。夏禹铸说：用掐法代替针刺。对于久病且病情危重的小儿，先掐人中穴以试探其反应，如果立即有哭声，或连续哭几声的，说明还有生机；否则，哭声像乌鸦叫，或者完全没有声音的，则难以治疗。但是医生仍然不要轻易放弃，希望能有一线生机，这是医者仁德的体现。
掐法的操作是，用大指甲按压主治的穴位，根据情况轻重适度地施行。
一、掐大横纹。大横纹，就是总心经和小天心穴，位于手掌根部，是诸经的源头。用指甲掐这里，可以调动诸经，对百病都有效。如果咳嗽严重，再掐中指第一节；痰多，再掐手背一节。（出自《按摩经》）
二、掐大指端。大指端即肝记穴，又名皮罢穴。掐此穴可治疗喉喘，并治疗昏迷不醒者。（周于蕃）
三、掐心经。心经位于中指第一节，掐之可治疗咳嗽、发热出汗。（《按摩经》）
四、掐内劳宫。内劳宫即掌心处，掐之也能治疗发热出汗。（《按摩经》）
五、掐脾土。脾土位于大拇指第一节。曲指向左推为补法，直推为泻法。用于治疗饮食不进、身体瘦弱面色发黄、四肢无力、腹部出现青筋。（《按摩经》）
六、掐大肠侧。大肠侧位于食指第二节侧面。向虎口方向倒推，可治疗水样腹泻和痢疾、腹部胀满。如果是红痢（便中带血），需补肾水穴；如果是白痢，需推三关穴。（《按摩经》）
七、掐肺经。肺经位于无名指第一节。另外也可掐从离宫起至干宫止的区域。中间轻掐，两头重掐，可治疗咳嗽化痰、昏迷呕吐。（《按摩经》）
八、掐肾经。肾经位于小指第一节。另外也可掐小横纹、退六腑，可治疗大便不通、小便赤涩不利、腹胀气急、人事昏迷。（《按摩经》）
九、掐总筋。总筋位于掌后，从总筋掐过天河水，能清心火，治疗口中生疮、全身潮热、夜间啼哭、四肢抽搐。（《按摩经》）
十、掐二扇门。二扇门位于中指骨两侧的空隙处，掐完后继之以揉法。治疗高热多汗，并治疗急惊风、口眼歪斜。面左歪则右掐揉，面右歪则左掐揉，力度都要重。（《按摩经》）
十一、掐二人上马。穴位注解说：具有温和的性质，能补肾、清神、顺气、苏醒昏迷。（《按摩经》）掐完后继之以揉法。（周于蕃）
十二、掐外劳宫。外劳宫位于手背中间，与内劳宫相对。能清脏腑热，以及午后潮热、腹部见青筋，都可以使用。（《按摩经》）掐完后继之以揉法。（周于蕃）
十三、掐一窝风。一窝风位于手背尽头根处。治疗肚子痛、嘴唇发白、眼睛翻白、一哭就似要死去的症状，并能祛风去热。（《按摩经》）掐完后继之以揉法。（周于蕃）
十四、掐外间使。外间使位于手背一窝风、阳池、外关穴之后，与内间使相对。掐此穴主温和，治疗吐泻转筋。（周于蕃）
十五、掐五指节。五指节位于手背指节高纹处。治疗伤风、被水惊吓、四肢抽搐、面色青紫，以及一切惊证。（《按摩经》）掐完后继之以揉法，治疗口眼歪斜、咳嗽风痰。（周于蕃）
十六、掐精宁。精宁位于手背合谷穴后，一窝风之上。治疗痰喘气吼、干呕痞积。（《按摩经》）掐完后继之以揉法。（周于蕃）
十七、掐威灵。威灵位于手背二人上马穴后，一窝风之下。治疗急惊暴死。掐此处，如果有声音表示可治，没有声音则难治。（《按摩经》）揉后再揉，并按压合谷穴。（周于蕃）
十八、掐阳池。阳池位于手背一窝风之后。清补肾水，治疗大小便闭塞、眼睛翻白。（《按摩经》）掐完后继之以揉法。治疗头痛风寒无汗，属于表散之法。（周于蕃）
十九、掐四横纹。四横纹位于手掌面，第二节的横纹处。治疗口眼歪斜，止腹痛，退脏腑热。（《广意》）
二十、掐小横纹。小横纹位于四横纹之上，指节横纹处。治疗口唇破烂，能退热除烦。（《广意》）掐十王穴。十王穴在五指甲侧，能退热。（《广意》）
二十一、掐端正。端正穴在中指左侧的，掐之可止泻；在中指右侧的，掐之可止吐。（《广意》）
二十二、掐委中。委中位于膝后弯曲有纹处，治疗向前跌倒导致的闷症。（《广意》）
二十三、掐内庭。内庭位于足大趾、次趾之间的凹陷处。治疗向后跌倒导致的闷症。（《广意》）
二十四、掐太冲。太冲位于足大趾本节后，动脉搏动处。治疗危急病症，如果舌头吐出则不治。（《广意》）
二十五、掐甘载。甘载位于手背合谷穴后。能挽救危险，能祛除鬼祟。（《广意》）
二十六、掐大敦。大敦位于足大趾端，距离爪甲约韭叶宽的地方，毛发中。屈起大趾掐之，治疗鹰爪惊（手指拘挛如鹰爪状）、握拳切牙的症状。（《广意》）
二十七、掐前承山。前承山位于足三里穴下，与后承山相对。掐之，治疗惊恐来势急速者。（《广意》）
二十八、掐后承山。后承山位于足后跟，距离地面一尺处。掐之治疗气吼、发汗、消除痰食痞积。（《广意》）
二十九、凡是用掐筋的方法，无论什么病症取什么穴位，先将主病穴起手掐三遍，然后将其他相关穴位各掐三遍，掐完后揉之，每天掐三四次，病自然消退，不可忽视。（《按摩经》）
三十、掐老龙。老龙穴在男性左手、女性右手的无名指尖端。掐之治疗急惊风，掐时无声者方可治。（《广意》）
三十一、掐中指甲。医者用大拇指伸入患儿的中指甲内，着力掐之，治疗急慢惊风。（周于蕃）
Qia (Nail Pressing), as explained in the *Shuowen Jiezi*, means piercing with the fingernail. The *Yupian* explains it as pressing with the fingernail. Zhou Yufan stated: Qia refers to entering via the nail. Xia Yuzhu stated: Using Qia to replace acupuncture. For children who have been ill for a long time and are critically ill, first press the Renzhong (GV26) acupoint with the nail to test their reaction. If they cry immediately or continue crying for several times, there is still hope for survival; otherwise, if the cry sounds like a crow's caw or there is no sound at all, it is difficult to treat. However, the physician should not give up easily, striving for even a slight chance of recovery, which embodies the benevolent virtue of a healer.
The operation of Qia involves using the thumbnail to press on the therapeutic acupoints, applying light or heavy pressure according to the situation.
1. Press Da Hengwen (Major Transverse Crease). Da Hengwen is also known as Zong Xin Jing (General Heart Meridian) and Xiao Tian Xin (Little Heavenly Heart), located at the base of the palm, serving as the source of all meridians. Pressing here with the nail activates all meridians and is effective for various diseases. If coughing is severe, additionally press the first segment of the middle finger; if there is much phlegm, additionally press one segment on the back of the hand. Since nails are considered the surplus of tendons, pressing the inner side stops vomiting, while pressing the outer side stops diarrhea. (*Anmo Jing*)
2. Press the tip of the thumb. The tip of the thumb is the Gan Ji Xue (Liver Record Point), also known as Pi Ba. Pressing this point treats wheezing and asthma, as well as coma. (Zhou Yufan)
3. Press Xin Jing (Heart Meridian). Xin Jing is located on the first segment of the middle finger. Pressing it treats cough, fever, and sweating. (*Anmo Jing*)
4. Press Nei Laogong (Inner Laogong). Nei Laogong is the center of the palm. Pressing it also treats fever and sweating. (*Anmo Jing*)
5. Press Pi Tu (Spleen Earth). Pi Tu is located on the first segment of the thumb. Curving the finger and pushing left constitutes the tonifying method; straight pushing constitutes the sedating method. It treats poor appetite, emaciation, sallow complexion, weakness in the four limbs, and visible blue veins on the abdomen. (*Anmo Jing*)
6. Press the side of Da Chang Ce (Large Intestine Side). Da Chang Ce is located on the side of the second segment of the index finger. Pushing backwards towards the Tiger's Mouth treats watery diarrhea, dysentery, and abdominal distension. For bloody dysentery, tonify Shen Shui (Kidney Water); for white dysentery, push San Guan (Three Passes). (*Anmo Jing*)
7. Press Fei Jing (Lung Meridian). Fei Jing is located on the first segment of the ring finger. Alternatively, press from Li Gong (Fire Palace) to Qian Gong (Heavenly Palace). Press lightly in the middle and heavily at both ends. It treats cough with phlegm, coma, and vomiting. (*Anmo Jing*)
8. Press Shen Jing (Kidney Meridian). Shen Jing is located on the first segment of the little finger. Additionally, press Xiao Heng Wen (Minor Transverse Crease) and Tui Liu Fu (Push Six Palaces). It treats constipation, dark and scanty urination, abdominal distension, rapid breathing, and coma. (*Anmo Jing*)
9. Press Zong Jin (General Tendon). Zong Jin is located behind the palm. Pressing from Zong Jin across Tian He Shui (River of Water) clears Heart Fire. It treats mouth ulcers, generalized tidal fever, nocturnal crying, and limb convulsions. (*Anmo Jing*)
10. Press Er Men Shan (Two Gates). Er Men Shan is located in the hollows on both sides of the middle finger bone. Follow pressing with kneading. It treats high fever with profuse sweating, acute infantile convulsion, and facial paralysis. If the face deviates to the left, press and knead the right side; if to the right, press and knead the left side. Both require heavy pressure. (*Anmo Jing*)
11. Press Er Ren Shang Ma (Two People Mounting the Horse). As noted in the acupoint description: It has a warming nature, can tonify the Kidney, clear the Spirit, regulate Qi, and revive coma. (*Anmo Jing*) Follow pressing with kneading. (Zhou Yufan)
12. Press Wai Laogong (Outer Laogong). Wai Laogong is located in the center of the back of the hand, opposite Nei Laogong. It clears heat in the Zang-Fu organs, post-meridian tidal fever, and visible blue veins on the abdomen. (*Anmo Jing*) Follow pressing with kneading. (Zhou Yufan)
13. Press Yi Wo Feng (One Nest Wind). Yi Wo Feng is located at the root of the back of the hand. It treats abdominal pain, pale lips, eyes rolling back, symptoms resembling death upon crying, and expels wind and heat. (*Anmo Jing*) Follow pressing with kneading. (Zhou Yufan)
14. Press Wai Jian Shi (Outer Jian Shi). Wai Jian Shi is located on the back of the hand behind Yi Wo Feng, Yang Chi (GB 4), and Wai Guan (TE 5), opposite Nei Jian Shi. Pressing it provides a warming effect and treats vomiting, diarrhea, and tendon spasms. (Zhou Yufan)
15. Press Wu Zhi Jie (Five Finger Joints). Wu Zhi Jie is located at the raised creases of the finger joints on the back of the hand. It treats wind-cold attack, fright from water, limb convulsions, cyanotic complexion, and all types of fright syndromes. (*Anmo Jing*) Follow pressing with kneading to treat facial paralysis and cough with wind-phlegm. (Zhou Yufan)
16. Press Jing Ning. Jing Ning is located on the back of the hand behind Hegu (LI 4) and above Yi Wo Feng. It treats wheezing with phlegm, dry retching, and food stagnation masses. (*Anmo Jing*) Follow pressing with kneading. (Zhou Yufan)
17. Press Wei Ling. Wei Ling is located on the back of the hand behind Er Ren Shang Ma and below Yi Wo Feng. It treats acute infantile convulsion and sudden collapse. If sound is produced when pressing, it is treatable; if silent, it is difficult to treat. (*Anmo Jing*) Knead after pressing, and also press Hegu (LI 4). (Zhou Yufan)
18. Press Yang Chi. Yang Chi (GB 4) is located behind Yi Wo Feng on the back of the hand. It clears and tonifies Kidney Water, treating urinary and fecal retention, and eyes rolling back. (*Anmo Jing*) Follow pressing with kneading. It treats headache due to wind-cold without sweat, employing a dispersing exterior method. (Zhou Yufan)
19. Press Si Heng Wen (Four Transverse Creases). Si Heng Wen is located on the palm surface at the transverse creases of the second segments. It treats facial paralysis, stops abdominal pain, and clears internal heat. (*Guang Yi*)
20. Press Xiao Heng Wen (Minor Transverse Crease). Xiao Heng Wen is located above Si Heng Wen at the transverse creases of the finger joints. It treats cracked lips and clears heat and irritability. (*Guang Yi*) Press Shi Wang (Ten Kings). Shi Wang is located on the sides of the five fingernails and clears heat. (*Guang Yi*)
21. Press Duan Zheng. If Duan Zheng is on the left side of the tip of the middle finger, pressing it stops diarrhea. If on the right side, pressing it stops vomiting. (*Guang Yi*)
22. Press Wei Zhong (BL 40). Wei Zhong is located in the popliteal crease. It treats faintness caused by falling forward. (*Guang Yi*)
23. Press Nei Ting (ST 44). Nei Ting is located in the depression between the first and second toes. It treats faintness caused by falling backward. (*Guang Yi*)
24. Press Tai Chong (LR 3). Tai Chong is located behind the first metatarsophalangeal joint, in the artery. It treats critical conditions; if the tongue protrudes, it is untreatable. (*Guang Yi*)
25. Press Gan Zai. Gan Zai is located on the back of the hand behind Hegu (LI 4). It can rescue critical situations and dispel malevolent influences. (*Guang Yi*)
26. Press Da Dun (LR 1). Da Dun is located at the tip of the big toe, about the width of a leek leaf away from the nail, amidst the hair. Curl the big toe and press it to treat "Eagle Claw Fright" (clenched fists and grinding teeth). (*Guang Yi*)
27. Press Qian Cheng Shan (Front Cheng Shan). Qian Cheng Shan is located below Zu San Li (ST 36), opposite Hou Cheng Shan. Pressing it treats cases of sudden fright. (*Guang Yi*)
28. Press Hou Cheng Shan (Rear Cheng Shan). Hou Cheng Shan is located at the heel, approximately one chi from the ground. Pressing it treats wheezing, induces sweating, and resolves phlegm and food stagnation. (*Guang Yi*)
29. Generally, when using tendon pressing methods, regardless of the syndrome or acupoint chosen, first press the primary disease acupoint three times upon starting, then press other relevant acupoints three times each. After pressing, knead them. Perform this three to four times daily, and the illness will naturally recede. Do not neglect this. (*Anmo Jing*)
30. Press Lao Long. Lao Long is located at the tip of the ring finger on the left hand for males and the right hand for females. Pressing it treats acute infantile convulsion; it is treatable only if no sound is produced. (*Guang Yi*)
31. Press the middle fingernail. The physician inserts their thumb into the child's middle fingernail bed and presses firmly. This treats acute and chronic infantile convulsions. (Zhou Yufan)