血阴物，类地之水泉，性本静。行，其势也。行为阳，是阴中之阳，乃坎中有火之象。
阴外阳内，故行也。纯阴，故不行也。不行则凝，凝则经络不通。经曰∶足阳明胃之脉，常
多气多血。又曰∶足阳明胃之脉，常生气生血。手太阳小肠之脉，斜络于目 。足太阳膀胱
之脉，起于目内 。二经皆多血少气，血病不行，血多易凝。《灵兰秘典论》曰∶脾胃者，
仓廪之官，五味出焉。五味淫则伤胃，胃伤血病，是为五味之邪，从本生也。又曰∶小肠者
，受盛之官，化物出焉。遇寒则阻其化。又曰∶膀胱者，州都之官，津液藏焉。遇风则散其
藏，一阻一散，血亦病焉。是为风寒之邪，从末生也。凡是邪胜，血病不行，不行渐滞，滞
则易凝，凝则病始外见，以其斜络目 耶，以其起于目内 耶。故病环目青 ，如被物
伤状，重者白睛亦 ，轻者或成斑点，然不痛不痒，无泪眵 羞涩之证。是曰
血为邪胜，凝而不行之病。此病初起之时，大抵与伤风证相似，一二日则显此病也，川芎行
经散主之，消凝大丸子主之。睛痛者，更以当归养荣汤主之。如此则凝复不滞，滞复能行，
不行复行，邪消病除，血复如故。志此，无所不愈也；不志于此，无所愈也。
气阳物，类天之云雾，性本动。聚，其体也。聚为阴，是阳中之阴，乃离中有水之象。
阳外阴内，故聚也。纯阳，故不聚也。不聚则散，散则经络不收。经曰∶足阳明胃之脉，常
多气多血。又曰∶足阳明胃之脉，常生气生血。七情内伤，脾胃先病。怒，七情之一也。胃病
脾病，气亦病焉。《阴阳应象大论》曰∶足厥阴肝主目，在志为怒。怒甚伤肝，伤脾胃则气
不聚，伤肝则神水散，何则？神水亦气聚也。其病无眵泪痛痒羞明紧涩之证。初但昏如雾露
中行，渐空中有黑花，又渐睹物成二体，久则光不收，遂为废疾。盖其神水渐散而又散，终
而尽散故也。初渐之次，宜以《千金》磁朱丸主之，镇坠药也；石斛夜光丸主之，羡补药也
；益阴肾气丸主之，壮水药也。有热者，滋阴地黄丸主之。此病最难治，饵服上药，必要积
以岁月，必要无饥饱劳役，必要驱七情五贼，必要德性纯粹，庶几易效，不然必废，废则终
不复治，久病光不收者，亦不复治。一证因为暴怒，神水随散，光遂不收，都无初渐之次，
此一得永不复治之证也。又一证为物所击，神水散，如暴怒之证，亦不复治。俗名为青盲者
是也。世病者多不为审，概曰目昏无伤，始不经意，及成，世医亦不识，直曰热致，竟以凉
药投。殊不知凉药又伤胃，况不知凉为秋为金，肝为春为木，凉药又伤肝，往往致废而然后
已。病者犹不以药非，而委之曰命也，医者犹不自悟其药，而赘之曰病拙。吁！二者俱此，
谁其罪乎？予累见也。故兼陈凉药之误。
血属于阴，类似于大地上的水泉，本性是静止的。流动，是它的动态表现。流动属于阳，这是阴中的阳，就像坎卦中蕴含火象一样。
因为外为阴而内为阳，所以能够流动。如果是纯阴，就不能流动。不流动就会凝滞，凝滞就会导致经络不通。医经说：足阳明胃经，通常是多气多血的经脉。又说：足阳明胃经，常能化生气血。手太阳小肠经，斜行联络于眼睛。足太阳膀胱经，起始于目内眦。这两条经脉都是多血少气，血病导致不流动，血多就容易凝滞。《素问·灵兰秘典论》说：脾胃，是仓廪之官，五味由此产生。五味过度会损伤胃，胃受伤则血生病，这就是五味之邪，从根本（脾胃）产生的。又说：小肠，是受盛之官，负责消化食物并排出糟粕。遇到寒邪就会阻碍其消化功能。又说：膀胱，是州都之官，负责储藏津液。遇到风邪就会使其储藏散失。一阻一散，血也就生病了。这就是风寒之邪，从末端（经络）产生的。凡是邪气胜复，血病不流动，不流动逐渐停滞，停滞就容易凝滞，凝滞后病症才开始在外部显现，因为它斜络于眼睛，或者起始于目内眦。所以病症表现为眼眶周围发青，像被物体击伤的样子，严重的白眼球也会变色，轻的可能形成斑点，然而不痛不痒，没有流泪、眼屎多、畏光涩痛的症状。这叫做血为邪气所胜，凝滞而不流动的病。此病初起时，大体与伤风证相似，一二天后才显现出此病的特征，用川芎行经散主治，消凝大丸子主治。如果眼睛疼痛，再用当归养荣汤主治。这样就能使凝滞的血液恢复流动，停滞的得以运行，不流动的重新流动，邪气消除疾病痊愈，血液恢复常态。记住这一点，就没有治不好的病；不记住这一点，就没有能治好的病。
气属于阳，类似于天空中的云雾，本性是运动的。聚集，是它的本体形态。聚集属于阴，这是阳中的阴，就像离卦中蕴含水象一样。
因为外为阳而内为阴，所以能够聚集。如果是纯阳，就不能聚集。不聚集就会散逸，散逸就会导致经络无法收敛。医经说：足阳明胃经，通常是多气多血的经脉。又说：足阳明胃经，常能化生气血。七情内伤，首先损伤脾胃。怒，是七情之一。胃生病脾生病，气也就生病了。《素问·阴阳应象大论》说：足厥阴肝主司眼睛，在情志上对应怒。大怒损伤肝脏，损伤脾胃则气不能聚集，损伤肝脏则神水散逸，为什么呢？神水也是气聚集而成的。这种病症没有眼屎、流泪、疼痛、瘙痒、畏光、紧涩等症状。起初只是视物模糊像在雾露中行走，逐渐出现空中有黑花飞舞，又逐渐看东西成双影，时间久了光线无法收敛，最终成为废疾。大概是因为神水逐渐散逸而又继续散逸，最终完全散尽的缘故。在初起渐变的阶段，适宜用《千金方》中的磁朱丸主治，这是镇坠类药物；石斛夜光丸主治，这是滋补类药物；益阴肾气丸主治，这是壮水类药物。如果有热象，用滋阴地黄丸主治。此病最难治疗，服用上述药物，必须积累岁月，必须避免饥饱不均和劳累役使，必须驱除七情五贼（指过度的情绪欲望），必须品德性情纯粹，这样才容易见效，否则必然致残，一旦致残就最终无法再治疗，久病导致视力丧失的，也不再治疗。有一种情况是因为暴怒，神水随即散逸，光线立即无法收敛，完全没有初起渐变的阶段，这是一种一旦发作就永远无法治疗的证候。另一种情况是被物体击打，神水散逸，如同暴怒的证候，也不再治疗。俗名称为青盲的就是这种情况。世间的患者大多不仔细审察，一概说是眼睛昏花没什么大碍，开始不在意，等到形成病情，世俗医生也不认识，直接说是热邪所致，竟然用凉药投治。殊不知凉药又会损伤胃，况且不知道凉性对应秋季和金，肝对应春季和木，凉药又会损伤肝，往往导致残疾才停止。患者还不认为药不对症，反而推委说是命运不好，医生还不自我醒悟用药错误，反而推诿说是医术拙劣。唉！两者都如此，谁该承担责任呢？我多次见到这种情况。所以一并陈述使用凉药的错误。
Blood is a Yin substance, resembling the springs and streams of the earth, with a nature that is fundamentally still. Movement is its dynamic manifestation. Movement belongs to Yang; thus, it is the Yang within Yin, symbolizing fire contained within Kan (☵).
Because it is Yin on the outside and Yang on the inside, it moves. If it were pure Yin, it would not move. If it does not move, it coagulates; if it coagulates, the meridians become obstructed. The classics state: "The Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian is typically abundant in both Qi and Blood." It also states: "The Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian constantly generates Qi and Blood." The Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian slants and connects to the eyes. The Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian originates from the inner canthus. Both these meridians are abundant in Blood but deficient in Qi. When Blood disease causes stagnation, the abundance of Blood makes it prone to coagulation. *Ling Shu: Mi Dian Lun* says: "The Spleen and Stomach are the officials of the granary, where the Five Flavors emerge." Excessive intake of the Five Flavors damages the Stomach; when the Stomach is damaged, Blood becomes diseased. This is the pathogenic factor of the Five Flavors, arising from the root (the Zang-Fu organs). It also states: "The Small Intestine is the official of reception and transformation, processing substances and eliminating waste." Encountering Cold obstructs this transformation. It further states: "The Bladder is the official of the capital, storing body fluids." Encountering Wind scatters its storage. One obstruction and one scattering cause Blood pathology as well. This is the pathogenic factor of Wind and Cold, arising from the branches (the meridians). Whenever pathogenic factors prevail, Blood pathology leads to immobility; immobility gradually leads to stasis; stasis easily leads to coagulation; once coagulated, the disease manifests externally. Since the meridians slant to connect to the eyes or originate at the inner canthus, the disease presents as bluish-black discoloration around the eyes, resembling trauma from an object. In severe cases, the sclera also changes color; in mild cases, spots may form. However, there is no pain, itching, tearing, excessive discharge, or photophobia/asthenopia. This is called "Blood Disease due to Pathogenic Prevalence, Coagulating and Failing to Flow." At the onset, this condition largely resembles a wind-cold exterior syndrome, manifesting distinctly after one or two days. It is primarily treated with *Chuanxiong Xingjing San* (Sichuan Lovage Powder for Promoting Circulation) or *Xiaoning Da Wan Zi* (Great Pill for Dissolving Coagulation). If eye pain occurs, *Danggui Yangrong Tang* (Angelica Decoction for Nourishing the Ying) is added. Thus, coagulation resolves into non-stagnation, stasis resumes flow, and immobility returns to movement. Pathogens are eliminated, the disease is cured, and Blood returns to normal. Remembering this ensures cure; forgetting it ensures failure.
Qi is a Yang substance, resembling the clouds and mist of the sky, with a nature that is fundamentally active. Aggregation is its substantial form. Aggregation belongs to Yin; thus, it is the Yin within Yang, symbolizing water contained within Li (☲).
Because it is Yang on the outside and Yin on the inside, it aggregates. If it were pure Yang, it would not aggregate. If it does not aggregate, it disperses; if it disperses, the meridians fail to contain. The classics state: "The Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian is typically abundant in both Qi and Blood." It also states: "The Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian constantly generates Qi and Blood." Internal injury by the Seven Emotions first damages the Spleen and Stomach. Anger is one of the Seven Emotions. When the Stomach and Spleen are diseased, Qi also becomes pathological. *Yin Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun* states: "The Foot-Jueyin Liver governs the eyes and corresponds to Anger in emotions." Severe anger damages the Liver. Damage to the Spleen and Stomach prevents Qi from aggregating; damage to the Liver causes the Shen Water (aqueous humor) to disperse. Why? Because Shen Water is formed by the aggregation of Qi. This condition lacks symptoms such as discharge, tearing, pain, itching, photophobia, or tightness/asthenopia. Initially, vision is blurred as if walking in fog or dew; gradually, black spots appear in the visual field; then, diplopia (double vision) develops; over time, light fails to converge, leading to permanent disability. This is because Shen Water gradually disperses and continues to disperse until completely exhausted. In the initial gradual stage, *Ci Zhu Wan* (Magnetite and Cinnabar Pill) from *Qian Jin Fang* should be used, which is a sedative/heavy-settling formula; *Shihu Yeguang Wan* (Dendrobium Night-Illuminating Pill) should be used, which is a tonic/nourishing formula; *Yiyin Shenqi Wan* (Nourishing Yin Kidney-Energizing Pill) should be used, which is a formula for strengthening Water (Kidney Yin). If heat signs are present, *Ziyin Dihuang Wan* (Nourishing Yin Rehmannia Pill) should be used. This disease is extremely difficult to treat. Taking the above medicines requires accumulation over years, avoidance of irregular eating and physical exhaustion, expulsion of the Seven Emotions and Five Thieves (excessive desires), and cultivation of pure moral character. Only then will efficacy be achieved; otherwise, disability is inevitable. Once disabled, it cannot be cured again. For long-standing diseases where light fails to converge, treatment is also abandoned. One specific case arises from sudden rage, causing immediate dispersion of Shen Water and immediate loss of light convergence, without any gradual onset. This is a case that never recovers. Another case results from blunt trauma, causing dispersion of Shen Water similar to sudden rage, which also does not recover. This is commonly known as Qing Mang (Green Blindness). Patients often fail to examine carefully, dismissing eye blurriness as harmless, ignoring it initially. By the time it forms, common physicians do not recognize it, attributing it directly to Heat and prescribing cooling medicines. Unaware that cooling medicines damage the Stomach, and further unaware that Cooling corresponds to Autumn/Metal, while the Liver corresponds to Spring/Wood, cooling medicines additionally damage the Liver. This often leads to disability before cessation. Patients blame fate rather than questioning the medication; physicians fail to realize their error, blaming poor skill instead. Alas! Both parties are culpable. Who bears the responsibility? I have witnessed this repeatedly. Therefore, I elaborate on the errors of using cooling medicines.