赵宾 曰∶小儿痘疮，固是危事，然要不可扰之。或多用老鸡、鳜鱼发之，非也；或以
消毒
饮、升麻汤解之，亦非也。大要在调气血之外，任其自然耳。惟《本事方》捻金散最佳。又
陈剑刚云∶痘疮且不多升麻汤，只须四君子汤，加黄 一味为稳耳。二说皆有理，然或有变
证
，则不得不资于药。癸亥痘疮甚行，括苍陈坡，老儒也。因言向分教三山日，其孙方三岁，
发热七日，痘疮出而倒靥色黑，唇口冰冷，危症也。遍试诸药皆不效，因乞灵于城隍神，以
卜
生死。路经一士人门，怪我侵晨仓皇，因遮叩之遂告以故。士人曰∶却有药可起此疾。喜甚
，
因为经营少许，俾服之，移时即红润如常。后求其方，甚为秘惜。及代归，方以见赆，其方
用狗蝇七枚，（狗身上跳飞者）擂细和醅酒少许调服。蝇，夏月极多易得，冬月则藏。蝇多在
狗耳中，不可不知，更宜预收以备用。痘后余毒不尽，每有翻疤，浓水淋漓，至有殒命者。
予第三子患此，用药无效，心殊忧煎。旧戚张姓者，观予色滞，询知其故，传一方，妙而且
易。用浸拌豆腐豆捣烂敷上，脓出再敷，三四日间，毒尽痂落，皮肉已出新肌矣。
扁鹊遇异人，饮以上池水，能见人之五脏。心切向往，而异人难值，乃绸绎坟素，其五
内
之情状，亦略可见矣。俾外露何象，即知内关何脏；虽上池之水无分，其涓滴亦似得矣！
心为赤帝，为神明之府。象如倒悬莲蕊，色如缟映朱。心者，纤也。所纳纤微，无不贯
注。
重十二两，居肺管之下，膈膜之上，附着脊之第五椎，外有赤黄裹脂，是为心包络。中有七
孔
三毛，上智之人，七孔通明；中智之人，五孔通明；下材无孔，则不智。为手少阴，肝之子
，脾之母也，小肠为之府。其音征，其味苦，其臭焦，于液为汗，其合脉也，其荣色也，气
通于舌，窍通于耳。主藏神，在志为喜，在变动为忧，故人有不畅事，心即焦燥；心气通则
舌和，知五味；心病则舌焦卷而短，不知五味也。虚则恐惧自失，色夭毛悴，血脉枯槁，卧
不安枕，精神错乱，及怔忡、惊悸、自汗等症作矣。病心风，则翕翕发热，不能起，心中饥
，食饮则呕；心中寒，则如啖蒜齑状，剧者心痛彻背，背痛彻心，面色青黑，热则厥，掌中
热，烦煎，面赤目黄，口舌生疮，咳血赤淋，咽喉痛，咽不利，或梦刀杖火焰赤色红衣之物
；有积则胸膈支痛，及伏梁起于脐上，大如臂，是皆心所生病者。肾邪入心则多汗，肺邪入
心则多言。喜是心之本志，然喜太过，亦能伤心也。心苦缓，急宜食酸以收之心；心欲软，
急宜咸以软之，用咸补之，以甘泻之。
肝为青帝，为将军之官。象如悬匏，色如缟映绀。肝者干也，位左膈下，着脊之九椎，
左三
叶，右四叶。为足厥阴，心之母，肾之子也，胆为之府。其音角，其味酸，其臭燥，于液为
泪，其合筋也，其荣爪也。为魂之府，血之藏也，开窃于目。在志为怒，故怒甚则伤肝。肝
气通则目和，辨五色；病则胁痛引小腹，头痛耳聋，胸满呕逆，眼生翳晕，视物不明，或
肉板睛，两角赤痛，丈夫溃疝，妇人少腹肿，遗溺，癃闭；肝热则目赤 泪，口苦面赤，咯
血；肝虚则恐，如有人捕之，腰痛不可以俯仰。受寒则唇青囊缩，转筋入腹。厥气客于肝，
则梦山林树木。肝苦急，急食甘以缓之；肝欲散，急食辛以散之，以辛补之，以酸泻之。
脾为黄帝，为仓廪之官。象如刀镰，色如缟映栝蒌实。脾者裨也，与胃同膜，而附其上
之左
俞，当十一椎下，闻声则动，动则磨胃而主运化。为足太阴，为肺之子，心之母。其音宫，
其味甘，其臭香，于液为涎；其合肉也，其荣唇也，开窍于口。重二斤三两，有散膏半斤。
主裹血，温五脏，主藏意与志，其志为思，故思虑不解，则伤脾。脾气通则五谷运化；病则
舌本强，食则呕，胃脘痛，腹胀，善噫，身体重，足痿不收，溏泄瘕，水闭黄胆，食不化，
不能卧；强立则膝股内肿，厥足大趾不用，此乃经病也。虚则五脏不足，四肢不用，面色痿
黄，怠惰嗜卧；或梦饮食不足，实则腹胀，经溲不利，身重，痞气在胃脘如盘；或梦丘陵大
泽，坏屋风雨。若脾病色黄，体青失溲，直视，唇反张，爪甲青，饮食以逆，其脉弦急，此
是木克土，为大逆也。脾苦湿，急食苦以燥之；脾欲缓，急食甘以缓之，用苦泻之，以甘补
之。
肺为白帝，为相传之官。象如悬磬，色如缟映红。居五脏之上，对胸若覆盖，故曰华盖
。肺
者勃也，（言其气勃郁也。）重三斤六两，六叶两耳，总计八叶，中有二十四空，行列分布，
以行诸脏之气。在经为手太阴，脾之子，肾之母也。其音商，其味辛，其臭腥，在液为涕；
其合皮也，其荣毛也，开窍于鼻；主藏魄，在志为忧，在变动为咳，与大肠相为表里。肺气
通，则鼻知香臭；肺受邪，则鼻塞而出涕，多汗而畏风，或吐痰血，喘咳气逆，胸背四肢痛
，翕翕发热。肺虚则多恐惧，皮毛焦悴，不耐烦劳，干咳失音；或梦见白物争战，哭泣飞扬
，气短不能调息；肺气劳则好睡，肺壅则肠鸣，肺气燥则喉干，肺病寒热，必旦善暮甚，或
生疮疹，皮肤燥痒，皆肺病也。肺苦气上逆，急食苦以泄之；肺欲收，急食酸以收之，用酸
补之，以辛泻之。禁食寒冷之物，忌衣薄雨湿，受病最易。
肾为黑帝，为作强之官。象如豇豆，相并而曲，附于脊之十四椎下，色如缟映紫。重一
斤二两
，主分水气，灌注一身，如树之有根，左曰肾，右曰命门。肾者，慎也，为先天之府，守
之则存，用之则竭。为足少阴，肝之母，肺之子也。饮食入胃，游溢精气，上输于肺，水津
四布，下归膀胱，藏精于肾，人之技能，皆出于肾也。其音羽，其味咸，其臭腐，在液为唾
；其合骨也，其荣发也，开窍于耳；主藏精，在志为恐，与膀胱合为府。肾气盛，则耳能辨
五声；肾病则耳聋骨痿，多欠伸，腰疼腹胀，体重，喘咳，汗出恶风，食欲下，膈塞不通，
小便余沥，疝瘕遗精。虚则令人梦入暗处，见妇人僧尼。总之，肾脏亏损，则诸症蜂起，难
一一枚举也。肾苦燥，急食辛以润之；肾欲坚，急食苦以坚之，用苦补之，以咸泻之。
上五脏调摄失宜，即有病生焉，观此亦可省矣，他如《灵》、《素》诸编，非加之以岁
月，岂能穷其奥哉？
人之五脏，通顺和调，则身康气适；稍有不善，则疾病生矣。或虚或实，（实谓受邪）或
寒或
热，症见多岐，难以概举。凡摄生之士，虽非医者，于家人上下，补偏救弊，亦有所主持。
姑将五脏致病之由，所见之症，应用何药，按脏分开。俾览之者，随其因而采用之。
心宜恬淡，少思虑。遇逆境，即善自排解，固肾水以上交于心。若此者，病从何来？反
之则
为累矣。累积成虚，其病为怔忡，（心气怯。）吐血，（心不主血。）阳痿，（心不交于肾。）健
忘，食物无味，语言颠倒，（皆因气血虚少。）宜用补药。枸杞、（色赤入心补血。）归身、（
补肝即虚补其母。）枣仁、（味酸敛心阳。）茯神、（味淡安心气。）柏子仁、（宁心益智。）龙
眼、（补心血益智。）莲肉、（象心补心。）人参、（补肺气，心气通肺，故亦补心。）如天王补
心丹，养营汤，孔圣枕中汤，归脾丸汤，皆可用。开郁则陈皮、香附、石菖蒲、郁金、远志
，
必须之品。心乃虚灵之府，六淫不相干，其受邪者，乃心之经也，故诸泻心汤，治伤寒下早
，痞满在心胸间也。其有面色青黑者，心气寒也，宜干姜、附子、温之。心属火，热从火出
，人遇拂逆之事，若心焦躁，则一切热病生矣。多汗，（心主汗。）夜卧不宁，（心烦则少寐
。）手足心皆热，（手足心应心。）咽痛口干，咽不利，（心脉系于咽，故见诸患。）舌强，（心
开窍于舌。）咳嗽，（心火上炎。）诸痈疮发背，（心有郁火所致。）寸脉溢出鱼际，（火乘肺也
。）宜用凉药，黄连、（若泻心火。）连翘、（象心清心。）灯心、竹卷心（以心清心。）牛黄、（
入心清痰热。）犀角、（凉心。）朱砂、（镇而兼凉。）甘草、（以甘泻之。）至宝丹，治热邪入
心包络，神昏谵语，非此不为功。以上药味，虽分补泻温凉，然补中亦宜兼温凉之品，凉中
须兼开利之药，又在圆机妙用耳。
肝宜条达，戒郁怒，当拂逆而善自开释，以长养生气。若能如此，病安从来？反则为逆
，逆
之则伤肝。虚则病错忘不精，恐怖，（神伤。）目KT KT 然，（肝开窍于目，伤则不能受血而视
。）睡卧不宁，（血不归肝，魂不宁舍。）阴缩，（肝脉过阴器。）筋挛，（肝主筋，伤则筋无所
受。）诸症宜补药，用归身、生地、白芍、（养肝炒。）牛膝、（强筋。）柏子仁，（平肝悦神。
）杜仲、（强筋神虚。）阿胶、（凉血益肝阴。）黄精、枸杞子、（养肝平目。）狗脊、（强筋骨。
）何首乌。（益肝阴强筋。）肝病而挟风火，则病眩晕癫厥，耳聋，（肝阳上冒。）咯血咳嗽
，（木火炎上，肝不藏血。）螈 强直，（肝受风邪。）咽痛喉燥，（肝脉循咽喉。）目赤，（肝
火上升。）诸症宜清火熄风，药用羚羊角、（平肝清热。）丹皮、（清肝经血热。）桑叶、（清肝
气热。）钩藤、（平肝除风热。）薄荷、荆芥、（驱风清热。）甘菊、（熄风除热。） 豆皮、（和
肝阳。）刺蒺藜、（散肝风。）秦皮，（平肝除热。）如实热，黄连、龙胆草，亦可配用。郁滞
则病胃脘痛，吞酸呕吐，（木凌胃。）胁痛，（肝脉布胁肋。）左胁下结块如覆杯，（肝郁所积
。）结核瘰 ，（肝经火郁所致。）疝气，（肝脉绕阴器。）妇人月闭等症，宜开郁散结，药用
青皮、香附、陈皮、（行气破滞。）延胡索、郁金、（止痛解郁。）柴胡、（解郁调经。）夏枯草
、（解肝经郁热，治结核瘰 要药。）川楝子、（治疝要药。）他如川连、吴茱萸、三棱、莪术
等药，须视其虚实寒热以用之。肝者，将军之官，其性刚烈，喜投柔剂。若香燥只可暂用，
宜参以柔剂佐之，方无燥暴之患。如逍遥散、七味饮、左金丸、滋肾生肝饮等方，皆可选用
。
脾居中州，宜健运。五味入胃，由脾布散。人能谨饮食，戒生冷，远潮湿，少思虑愁
忧，若是，患自可免，反之则生病矣。伤劳倦忧思，则病四肢怠惰，（脾主四肢。）肌肉痿黄
，（脾主肌肉。）大便溏泄，饮食不化，（脾不运动。）或不时身热，宜用补药，党参、（补中
和脾。）黄 、（补中益气。）白术、（健脾燥湿。）炙草、（甘能益脾。）茯苓、（淡渗调脾。）
扁豆、（调脾和胃。）怀山药、（补脾调中。）大枣，（甘温健脾。）如六君子、补中益气、参苓
白术术散等方均可选用。伤饮食则病腹痛胀满，痞闷不安，（脾气滞碍。）大便或闭或泄，里
急后重，（湿热郁结。）噫气，（脾土壅滞。）痞气，（脾之积。）身热，（管气不通。）小儿疳积
虫积，宜用消导运气之药，广皮、（理气导滞。）砂仁（快气醒脾。）楂肉、（消食磨积。）神曲
、（调中消食。）枳壳、枳实、（消胀利气。）麦芽、谷芽、（消食健运。）浓朴、（泻满除湿。
）槟榔、（破滞、攻坚、杀虫。）大黄，（荡涤肠胃。）如枳实导滞丸、木香槟榔丸、平胃散、
保和丸等方，皆可选用。虫积遇仙丹、追虫丸皆可效。伤暑湿，则病腹痛泄泻下痢，（脾伤
饮食，暑湿为患。）霍乱呕吐，（暑湿扰中，阴阳错乱。）且用芳香逐秽清热之药，藿香、（通
上中二焦邪滞、快脾胃去恶气。）浓朴、广皮、（芳香气秽。）滑石、（利湿去暑。）川连、（泻
火去湿。）黄芩、（除脾家湿热。）建曲、（除脾家敦阜之气。）苡仁、（利湿健脾。）泽泻、（去湿
热。）砂仁壳，（醒脾。）如小半夏汤、益元散、黄连香藿散、二香散、香连丸等方，可选用
。伤寒湿生冷，则病身重体痛如束，（寒湿留着肌肉。）下利纯清彻冷，（生冷伤脾阳。）畏寒
，（胃阳遏滞。）腹痛不止，（脾阳不振。）足跗肿，（寒湿着太阳经。）呕吐清冷汁，（生冷所
伤，胃阳不舒
。）手足常觉不暖，（脾阳不能四达。）宜用温中驱湿之品，香薷、（辛散能解结利湿。）草蔻
仁、（暖胃健脾燥湿除寒。）干姜、（逐寒湿。）白豆蔻、（行气暖胃。）良姜、（去寒湿止痛。）
附子、（逐寒通阳。）肉桂、（驱沉寒之物温脾阳。）苍术、（燥胃强脾逐寒湿。）木瓜、（利湿
舒筋。）羌活、（散表胜湿。）苏叶。（散表驱寒。）大顺散、五苓散、冷香饮子、浆水散等方
，皆可选用。
肺为百脉所宗，气之源也。其体最娇，故又恶寒，又恶热，苦气上逆，人能慎风寒，远
暑湿
，未寒先衣，渐暖渐脱；寡言养气，少食辛酸之物，若是者，病从何来？逆之则病生矣。虚
赵宾说：小儿出痘疮，固然是危险的事情，然而关键在于不可随意惊扰治疗。如果多用老鸡、鳜鱼等发物来催发，是不对的；或者用消毒饮、升麻汤来解毒发散，也是不对的。治疗的大要在调理气血之外，顺应自然规律罢了。只有《本事方》中的捻金散效果最佳。
陈剑刚又说：出痘疮时不如少用升麻汤，只需四君子汤加黄芪一味药最为稳妥。这两种说法都有道理，但如果出现变证（病情发生变异），就不得不借助药物干预了。癸亥年痘疮流行，括苍人陈坡是一位老儒生。他说以前在三山分教时，他的孙子才三岁，发热七天，痘疮发出后却倒靥（痘疹内陷）且颜色发黑，嘴唇和口部冰冷，这是危重病症。遍试各种药物都不见效，于是向城隍神祈祷以占卜生死。路过一位读书人的门口，那人奇怪我清晨如此仓皇，便拦下询问，我便告诉了他原委。读书人说：“却有药可以救起这个病。”我非常高兴，于是为他准备了一点药，让他服用，过了一会儿孩子脸色红润如常。后来请求得到药方，对方非常秘惜不肯给。等到代任期满回家时，那人才把药方作为临别赠礼送给我。药方是用狗蝇七枚（身上跳飞的狗蝇），研磨细末，用少许发酵酒调服。苍蝇在夏季极多且容易得到，冬季则藏匿起来。苍蝇多在狗的耳朵里，这一点不可不知道，更应预先收集以备不时之需。痘疮痊愈后余毒未尽，常常导致翻疤（痘疮溃烂不收口），脓水淋漓，甚至有人因此丧命。我的第三个儿子患此病，用药无效，我心里非常忧虑煎熬。旧日亲戚张姓的人，看我面色滞涩，询问得知原因后，传授我一个方子，既奇妙又简便。用浸泡过的拌豆腐捣烂敷在上面，脓流出后再敷，三四天之间，毒素排尽结痂脱落，皮肉已长出新的肌肉了。
扁鹊遇到异人，喝上池之水，就能看见人的五脏六腑。心里深切向往，但异人难以遇到，于是研读古代医书，五脏内部的情况也大致可见了。既然外表有什么征象，就知道内部关联哪个脏腑；虽然喝不上池之水，但这点滴知识似乎也领悟到了！
心被称为赤帝，是神明居住的地方。形象像倒悬的莲蕊，颜色像白绢映衬着朱红。心的“心”字，意为纤细细微。所容纳的细微事物，无不贯通注入。心脏重量十二两，位于肺管之下，膈膜之上，附着在脊柱第五椎骨处，外面有赤黄色的脂肪包裹，这就是心包络。中间有七个孔和三根毛，智慧极高的人，七孔通明；中等智慧的人，五孔通明；资质低下的人没有孔窍，就不聪明。心属于手少阴经，是肝的儿子，脾的母亲，小肠是其府库。其音为徵，其味苦，其气焦，在体液为汗，与脉相合，荣华表现在面色，气通于舌，窍通于耳。心主藏神，在情志为喜，在变动为忧，所以人有不顺心的事，心就会焦躁；心气通畅则舌头柔和，能知五味；心病则舌头焦卷短缩，不知五味。心虚则恐惧自失，面色枯槁毛发憔悴，血脉干枯，睡不安稳，精神错乱，以及怔忡、惊悸、自汗等症状发作。患心风病，则翕翕发热，不能起床，心中饥饿，饮食则呕吐；心中寒，则感觉像吃了蒜泥一样，严重的真心痛彻背，背痛彻心，面色青黑，热则厥逆，掌心热，烦躁煎灼，面赤目黄，口舌生疮，咳血赤淋，咽喉痛，咽部不利，或者梦见刀杖火焰红色衣服的东西；有积滞则胸膈支撑疼痛，以及伏梁病起于脐上，大如手臂，这些都是心所生的疾病。肾邪侵入心则多汗，肺邪侵入心则多言。喜是心的本志，然而喜太过，也能伤心。心气涣散，急宜吃酸味食物以收敛它；心气欲软，急宜咸味以软化它，用咸味补之，用甘味泻之。
肝被称为青帝，是将军之官。形象像悬挂的葫芦，颜色像白绢映衬着深青色。肝的“肝”字，意为主干，位置在左膈下，附着在脊柱第九椎骨，左边三叶，右边四叶。肝属于足厥阴经，是心的母亲，肾的儿子，胆是其府库。其音为角，其味酸，其气燥，在体液为泪，与筋相合，荣华表现在指甲。肝是魂的府库，血的储藏所，开窍于目。在情志为怒，所以大怒则伤肝。肝气通畅则眼睛调和，能辨五色；生病则胁痛牵引小腹，头痛耳聋，胸满呕吐，眼生翳晕，视物不明，或者眼睑下垂，眼角赤痛，男子患疝气，女子少腹肿，遗尿，小便不通；肝热则眼睛红流泪，口苦面赤，咯血；肝虚则恐惧，好像有人追捕，腰痛不能俯仰。受寒则嘴唇青紫睾丸收缩，转筋入腹。厥气客居肝脏，则梦见山林树木。肝气急迫，急食甘味以缓和它；肝气欲疏散，急食辛味以发散它，用辛味补之，用酸味泻之。
脾被称为黄帝，是仓廪之官。形象像刀镰，颜色像白绢映衬着栝楼实。脾的“脾”字，意为裨益，与胃同膜，附着在胃上面的左侧俞穴，正当第十一椎骨下方，听到声音会动，动则磨擦胃而主持运化。脾属于足太阴经，是肺的儿子，心的母亲。其音为宫，其味甘，其气香，在体液为涎；与肉相合，荣华表现在嘴唇，开窍于口。重量二斤三两，有散膏半斤。主要包裹血液，温养五脏，主藏意与志，其志为思，所以思虑不解则伤脾。脾气通畅则五谷运化；生病则舌根僵硬，进食呕吐，胃脘痛，腹胀，爱打嗝，身体沉重，足痿无力不收，大便溏泄或瘕块，小便闭塞黄疸，食物不消化，不能卧睡；强行站立则膝股内侧肿胀，厥冷足大趾不能用，这是经脉病变。脾虚则五脏不足，四肢不用，面色萎黄，怠惰嗜卧；或者梦见饮食不足，实则腹胀，大小便不利，身体沉重，痞气在胃脘如盘状；或者梦见丘陵大泽，破屋风雨。如果脾病色黄，身体青紫失禁，直视，嘴唇反张，爪甲青，饮食逆乱，脉象弦急，这是木克土，是大逆之症。脾怕湿，急食苦味以燥湿；脾欲缓，急食甘味以缓急，用苦味泻之，用甘味补之。
肺被称为白帝，是相传之官。形象像悬挂的磬，颜色像白绢映衬着红色。位于五脏之上，覆盖胸廓，所以叫华盖。肺的“肺”字，意为勃郁（指气机勃郁）。重量三斤六两，六叶两耳，总计八叶，中间有二十四个空窍，行列分布，以运行各脏之气。在经脉为手太阴经，是脾的儿子，肾的母亲。其音为商，其味辛，其气腥，在体液为涕；与皮相合，荣华表现在毫毛，开窍于鼻；主藏魄，在情志为忧，在变动为咳，与大肠相表里。肺气通畅，则鼻能知香臭；肺受邪，则鼻塞流涕，多汗畏风，或者吐痰血，喘咳气逆，胸背四肢痛，翕翕发热。肺虚则多恐惧，皮毛焦悴，不耐烦劳，干咳失音；或者梦见白色物体争战，哭泣飞扬，气短不能调息；肺气劳损则好睡，肺壅则肠鸣，肺气燥则喉干，肺病寒热，必定早晨轻傍晚重，或者生疮疹，皮肤干燥瘙痒，都是肺病。肺气苦于上逆，急食苦味以泄之；肺气欲收敛，急食酸味以收之，用酸味补之，用辛味泻之。禁止食用寒冷之物，忌讳衣服单薄雨湿，最容易受病。
肾被称为黑帝，是作强之官。形象像豇豆，并排弯曲，附着在脊柱第十四椎骨下方，颜色像白绢映衬着紫色。重量一斤二两，主要分水气，灌注全身，像树有根，左边叫肾，右边叫命门。肾的“肾”字，意为谨慎，是先天的府库，守住它则存，使用它则竭。肾属于足少阴经，是肝的母亲，肺的儿子。饮食进入胃，游溢精气，上输于肺，水津四布，下归膀胱，藏精于肾，人的技能都出于肾。其音为羽，其味咸，其气腐，在体液为唾；与骨相合，荣华表现在头发，开窍于耳；主藏精，在情志为恐，与膀胱相合为府。肾气盛，则耳能辨五声；肾病则耳聋骨痿，多哈欠伸腰，腰疼腹胀，体重，喘咳，汗出恶风，食欲下降，膈塞不通，小便余沥，疝瘕遗精。肾虚则让人梦见进入暗处，见到妇女僧尼。总之，肾脏亏损，则诸症蜂起，难以一一列举。肾怕燥，急食辛味以润之；肾欲坚，急食苦味以坚之，用苦味补之，用咸味泻之。
以上五脏调摄失当，就会产生疾病，观察这些也可以反省了，其他如《灵枢》、《素问》等篇章，如果不加上岁月的钻研，怎么能穷尽其奥妙呢？
人的五脏，通顺和调，则身体健康气适；稍有不善，则疾病产生。或者虚或者实（实指受邪），或者寒或者热，症状表现多种多样，难以概举。凡是养生之人，虽然不是医生，对于家人上下，补偏救弊，也有所主张。姑且将五脏致病的原因，所见到的症状，应用什么药物，按脏分开。使阅读的人，根据病因采用。
心宜恬淡，少思虑。遇到逆境，即善于自我排解，固护肾水上交于心。像这样，病从哪里来？反之则会成为累赘。累积成虚，其病为怔忡（心气怯），吐血（心不主血），阳痿（心不交于肾），健忘，食物无味，语言颠倒（皆因气血虚少），宜用补药。枸杞（色赤入心补血），当归身（补肝即虚补其母），枣仁（味酸敛心阳），茯神（味淡安心气），柏子仁（宁心益智），龙眼（补心血益智），莲肉（象心补心），人参（补肺气，心气通肺，故亦补心），如天王补心丹，养营汤，孔圣枕中汤，归脾丸汤，都可以使用。开郁则陈皮、香附、石菖蒲、郁金、远志，是必须的药物。心乃是虚灵之府，六淫不相干扰，其受邪者，乃是心的经络，所以各种泻心汤，治疗伤寒下法过早，痞满在心胸间。如果有面色青黑的，是心气寒，宜用干姜、附子，温之。心属火，热从火出，人遇到拂逆之事，若心焦躁，则一切热病产生了。多汗（心主汗），夜卧不宁（心烦则少寐），手足心皆热（手足心应心），咽痛口干，咽不利（心脉系于咽，故见诸患），舌强（心开窍于舌），咳嗽（心火上炎），各种痈疮发背（心有郁火所致），寸脉溢出鱼际（火乘肺也），宜用凉药，黄连（若泻心火），连翘（象心清心），灯心、竹卷心（以心清心），牛黄（入心清痰热），犀角（凉心），朱砂（镇而兼凉），甘草（以甘泻之），至宝丹，治疗热邪入心包络，神昏谵语，非此不为功。以上药味，虽分补泻温凉，然补中亦宜兼温凉之品，凉中须兼开利之药，又在圆机妙用耳。
肝宜条达，戒郁怒，当拂逆而善于自我开释，以长养生气。若能如此，病从哪里来？反之则为逆，逆之则伤肝。虚则病错忘不精，恐怖（神伤），眼睛模糊不清（肝开窍于目，伤则不能受血而视），睡卧不宁（血不归肝，魂不宁舍），阴缩（肝脉过阴器），筋挛（肝主筋，伤则筋无所受），诸症宜补药，用当归身、生地、白芍（养肝炒）、牛膝（强筋）、柏子仁（平肝悦神）、杜仲（强筋神虚）、阿胶（凉血益肝阴）、黄精、枸杞子（养肝平目）、狗脊（强筋骨）、何首乌（益肝阴强筋）。肝病而挟风火，则病眩晕癫厥，耳聋（肝阳上冒），咯血咳嗽（木火炎上，肝不藏血），抽搐强直（肝受风邪），咽痛喉燥（肝脉循咽喉），目赤（肝火上升），诸症宜清火熄风，药用羚羊角（平肝清热）、丹皮（清肝经血热）、桑叶（清肝气热）、钩藤（平肝除风热）、薄荷、荆芥（驱风清热）、甘菊（熄风除热）、豆皮（和肝阳）、刺蒺藜（散肝风）、秦皮（平肝除热），如实热，黄连、龙胆草，亦可配用。郁滞则病胃脘痛，吞酸呕吐（木凌胃），胁痛（肝脉布胁肋），左胁下结块如覆杯（肝郁所积），结核瘰疬（肝经火郁所致），疝气（肝脉绕阴器），妇人月经闭止等症，宜开郁散结，药用青皮、香附、陈皮（行气破滞）、延胡索、郁金（止痛解郁）、柴胡（解郁调经）、夏枯草（解肝经郁热，治结核瘰疬要药）、川楝子（治疝要药），其他如川连、吴茱萸、三棱、莪术等药，须视其虚实寒热以用之。肝者，将军之官，其性刚烈，喜投柔剂。若香燥只可暂用，宜参以柔剂佐之，方无燥暴之患。如逍遥散、七味饮、左金丸、滋肾生肝饮等方，皆可选用。
脾居中州，宜健运。五味入胃，由脾布散。人能谨慎饮食，戒生冷，远潮湿，少思虑愁忧，若是，患自可免，反之则生病矣。伤劳倦忧思，则病四肢怠惰（脾主四肢），肌肉萎黄（脾主肌肉），大便溏泄，饮食不化（脾不运动），或者不时身热，宜用补药，党参（补中和脾），黄芪（补中益气），白术（健脾燥湿），炙甘草（甘能益脾），茯苓（淡渗调脾），扁豆（调脾和胃），怀山药（补脾调中），大枣（甘温健脾），如六君子、补中益气、参苓白术散等方均可选用。伤饮食则病腹痛胀满，痞闷不安（脾气滞碍），大便或闭或泄，里急后重（湿热郁结），噫气（脾土壅滞），痞气（脾之积），身热（管气不通），小儿疳积虫积，宜用消导运气之药，广皮（理气导滞），砂仁（快气醒脾），山楂肉（消食磨积），神曲（调中消食），枳壳、枳实（消胀利气），麦芽、谷芽（消食健运），厚朴（泻满除湿），槟榔（破滞、攻坚、杀虫），大黄（荡涤肠胃），如枳实导滞丸、木香槟榔丸、平胃散、保和丸等方，皆可选用。虫积遇仙丹、追虫丸皆可效。伤暑湿，则病腹痛泄泻下痢（脾伤饮食，暑湿为患），霍乱呕吐（暑湿扰中，阴阳错乱），且用芳香逐秽清热之药，藿香（通上中二焦邪滞、快脾胃去恶气），厚朴、广皮（芳香气秽），滑石（利湿去暑），川连（泻火去湿），黄芩（除脾家湿热），建曲（除脾家敦阜之气），薏苡仁（利湿健脾），泽泻（去湿热），砂仁壳（醒脾），如小半夏汤、益元散、黄连香藿散、二香散、香连丸等方，可选用。伤寒湿生冷，则病身重体痛如束（寒湿留着肌肉），下利纯清彻冷（生冷伤脾阳），畏寒（胃阳遏滞），腹痛不止（脾阳不振），足跗肿（寒湿着太阳经），呕吐清冷汁（生冷所伤，胃阳不舒），手足常觉不暖（脾阳不能四达），宜用温中驱湿之品，香薷（辛散能解结利湿），草蔻仁（暖胃健脾燥湿除寒），干姜（逐寒湿），白豆蔻（行气暖胃），良姜（去寒湿止痛），附子（逐寒通阳），肉桂（驱沉寒之物温脾阳），苍术（燥胃强脾逐寒湿），木瓜（利湿舒筋），羌活（散表胜湿），苏叶（散表驱寒），大顺散、五苓散、冷香饮子、浆水散等方，皆可选用。
肺为百脉所宗，气之源也。其体最娇，故又恶寒，又恶热，苦气上逆，人能慎风寒，远暑湿，未寒先衣，渐暖渐脱；寡言养气，少食辛酸之物，若是者，病从何来？逆之则病生矣。虚
Zhao Bin said: The appearance of smallpox in children is indeed a critical matter, yet the key lies not to disturb it arbitrarily. Using old chickens or mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) as stimulating foods to induce eruption is incorrect; likewise, using Xiaodu Yin (Detoxification Decoction) or Shengma Tang (Cimicifugae Decoction) to resolve toxicity is also incorrect. The main principle, beyond regulating Qi and Blood, is to let nature take its course. Only Nianjin San (Gold-Pinching Powder) from *Ben Shi Fang* is considered best.
Chen Jiangang further stated: For smallpox, one should use Shengma Tang sparingly; instead, Sijunzi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) with the addition of Huangqi (Astragali Radix) is the most stable approach. Both views have merit, but if complications arise, medication becomes necessary. In the Guihai year, when smallpox was prevalent, Chen Po, an elderly scholar from Kuacang, recounted that while teaching in Sanshan, his three-year-old grandson suffered for seven days with fever. When the rash appeared, it inverted (retracted), turned black, and his lips and mouth became ice-cold—a critical condition. Various medicines failed. He prayed to the City God for a sign of life or death. Passing by a scholar's door, the scholar noticed his haste and asked. Upon hearing the story, the scholar said, "There is medicine to save this child." Overjoyed, Chen prepared some medicine, which the child took. After a short while, the child's complexion returned to normal rosy health. Later, when Chen requested the prescription, the scholar was reluctant to share it. Only upon Chen's departure did he give it as a parting gift. The prescription used seven dog flies (flies jumping on dogs), ground finely and mixed with a little fermented wine. Flies are abundant in summer but hidden in winter, often found in dog ears; thus, they should be collected in advance for emergency use. Residual toxins after smallpox often cause ulcerated scars with dripping pus, sometimes leading to death. My third son suffered from this, and medicines were ineffective, causing me great anxiety. A relative named Zhang, seeing my distress, taught me a simple and effective formula: apply mashed tofu soaked in water to the sores. Reapply as pus drains. Within three to four days, toxins cleared, scabs fell off, and new skin grew.
Bian Que met an extraordinary person and drank water from the upper pool, gaining the ability to see the internal organs. I deeply yearned for this, but since such persons are rare, I studied ancient medical texts, allowing me to roughly understand the state of the internal organs. Since external signs reflect internal organ conditions, even without drinking upper pool water, these insights are valuable!
The Heart is called the Red Emperor and the residence of the Spirit (Shen). Its shape resembles an inverted lotus stamen, and its color is like white silk reflecting vermilion. The character "Xin" (Heart) implies subtlety; all subtle matters are connected to it. The heart weighs two taels, located below the lung ducts and above the diaphragm, attached to the fifth thoracic vertebra. It is wrapped in red-yellow fat, known as the Pericardium. It has seven apertures and three hairs: those of high intelligence have seven clear apertures, medium intelligence five, and low intelligence none, resulting in lack of wisdom. The Heart belongs to the Hand-Shaoyin meridian, is the "son" of the Liver and "mother" of the Spleen, and pairs with the Small Intestine as its Fu organ. Its musical note is Zhi, taste is bitter, odor is scorched, fluid is sweat, it governs vessels, and its luster appears in the complexion. Qi connects to the tongue, and orifices connect to the ears. The Heart houses the Spirit, corresponds to joy in emotions, and manifests as worry in changes. Thus, frustration causes heart agitation; smooth Heart Qi leads to a soft tongue and good taste perception; Heart disease causes a stiff, curled, short tongue and loss of taste. Deficiency leads to fear, loss of self, sallow complexion, brittle hair, dry blood vessels, insomnia, mental confusion, palpitations, and spontaneous sweating. Heart wind causes mild fever, inability to rise, hunger sensations, and vomiting after eating. Cold in the Heart feels like eating minced garlic; severe cases involve chest pain radiating to the back and vice versa, blue-black complexion, cold limbs, hot palms, irritability, red face, yellow eyes, mouth ulcers, hemoptysis, dark urine, sore throat, and dreams of weapons or fire. Accumulations cause chest pain and Fuliang (a mass above the navel). Kidney evil entering the Heart causes excessive sweating; Lung evil entering the Heart causes excessive talking. Joy is the Heart's emotion, but excess harms the Heart. If Heart Qi is lax, sour foods astringe it; if it desires softness, salty foods soften it. Salty tonifies, sweet purges.
The Liver is called the Green Emperor and the Official of the General. Its shape resembles a hanging gourd, color like white silk reflecting indigo. The character "Gan" (Liver) implies trunk/dryness. Located under the left diaphragm, attached to the ninth thoracic vertebra, with three lobes on the left and four on the right. The Liver belongs to the Foot-Jueyin meridian, is the "mother" of the Heart and "son" of the Kidney, and pairs with the Gallbladder. Its note is Jue, taste is sour, odor is dry, fluid is tears, it governs tendons, and its luster appears in the nails. It houses the Hun (Ethereal Soul) and stores Blood, opening into the eyes. Anger harms the Liver. Smooth Liver Qi ensures clear vision and color discrimination; disease causes hypochondriac pain radiating to the lower abdomen, headache, deafness, chest fullness, vomiting, eye opacity, blurred vision, drooping eyelids, red corners, hernia in men, and lower abdominal swelling/urinary retention in women. Liver heat causes red eyes, tearing, bitter taste, red face, and hemoptysis. Liver deficiency causes fear (as if being chased), lower back pain, and stiffness. Cold causes blue lips, testicular retraction, and convulsions. Revolving Qi in the Liver causes dreams of forests. Liver urgency requires sweet foods to relax; Liver desire for dispersion requires pungent foods to scatter. Pungent tonifies, sour purges.
The Spleen is called the Yellow Emperor and the Official of Granaries. Its shape resembles a sickle, color like white silk reflecting trichosanthes fruit. The character "Pi" (Spleen) implies assistance. It shares membranes with the Stomach, attached to the left acupoint above, below the eleventh thoracic vertebra. It moves with sound, grinding the stomach to govern transformation and transportation. The Spleen belongs to the Foot-Taiyin meridian, is the "son" of the Lung and "mother" of the Heart. Its note is Gong, taste is sweet, odor is fragrant, fluid is saliva. It governs flesh, luster appears in lips, and opens into the mouth. Weighing two jin three liang, plus half a jin of loose paste, it wraps blood, warms the five Zang organs, and houses Yi (Intent) and Zhi (Will). Excessive thinking harms the Spleen. Smooth Spleen Qi digests food; disease causes stiff tongue, vomiting, epigastric pain, bloating, belching, heavy body, leg weakness, diarrhea, masses, urinary obstruction, jaundice, indigestion, and insomnia. Standing too long causes knee/thigh swelling and toe immobility (meridian disease). Deficiency causes five Zang insufficiency, limb weakness, sallow complexion, lethargy, and dreams of insufficient food. Excess causes bloating, difficult urination/stool, heavy body, and gastric masses. Wood overcoming Earth (yellow face, blue body, incontinence, staring, reversed lips, blue nails, reverse diet, string-taut pulse) is a major reversal. Spleen dislikes dampness; bitter foods dry it. Spleen desires relaxation; sweet foods relax it. Bitter purges, sweet tonifies.
The Lung is called the White Emperor and the Official of Transmission. Its shape resembles a hanging chime, color like white silk reflecting red. Located above the five Zang organs, covering the chest like a canopy (Huagai). The character "Fei" (Lung) implies vigorous stagnation. Weighing three jin six liang, with eight leaves (six main, two ears) and twenty-four cavities distributing Qi to all organs. The Lung belongs to the Hand-Taiyin meridian, is the "son" of the Spleen and "mother" of the Kidney. Its note is Shang, taste is pungent, odor is fishy, fluid is mucus. It governs skin, luster appears in hair, and opens into the nose. It houses the Po (Corporeal Soul), corresponds to sorrow, manifests as cough, and pairs with the Large Intestine. Smooth Lung Qi allows smell detection; disease causes nasal congestion, runny nose, sweating, wind aversion, hemoptysis, asthma, chest/back/limb pain, and mild fever. Deficiency causes fear, dry skin/hair, fatigue, dry cough, voice loss, and dreams of white objects fighting. Lung labor causes sleepiness; congestion causes bowel sounds; dryness causes dry throat; cold-heat diseases worsen at dusk; sores/rashes and dry itchy skin are Lung issues. Lung dislikes upward rebellion; bitter foods drain it. Lung desires consolidation; sour foods consolidate it. Sour tonifies, pungent purges. Avoid cold foods, thin clothes, and rain; easily diseased.
The Kidney is called the Black Emperor and the Official of Strength. Shape like kidney beans, curved together, attached below the fourteenth thoracic vertebra, color like white silk reflecting purple. Weighing one jin two liang, it separates fluids and irrigates the body like tree roots. Left is Kidney, right is Mingmen (Gate of Life). The character "Shen" (Kidney) implies caution. It is the congenital storehouse; preserving it maintains life, overusing it depletes it. The Kidney belongs to the Foot-Shaoyin meridian, is the "mother" of the Liver and "son" of the Lung. Food enters the Stomach, yields essence, goes up to the Lung, distributes fluids, descends to the Bladder, and stores essence in the Kidney. Human skills originate from the Kidney. Its note is Yu, taste is salty, odor is putrid, fluid is saliva. It governs bones, luster appears in hair, and opens into the ears. It stores essence, corresponds to fear, and pairs with the Bladder. Strong Kidney Qi enables hearing five tones; disease causes deafness, bone weakness, yawning, back pain, bloating, heaviness, asthma, sweating, wind aversion, poor appetite, diaphragmatic blockage, dribbling urine, hernia, and spermatorrhea. Deficiency causes dreams of dark places and monks/nuns. Kidney depletion causes myriad symptoms. Kidney dislikes dryness; pungent foods moisten it. Kidney desires firmness; bitter foods firm it. Bitter tonifies, salty purges.
If the five Zang organs are improperly regulated, disease arises. Observing this aids reflection. Other texts like *Ling Shu* and *Su Wen* require years to master. Harmonious five Zang organs ensure health; disharmony causes disease. Whether deficiency/excess (excess means pathogen invasion) or cold/heat, symptoms vary. Health cultivators, even non-doctors, can adjust family members' imbalances. Here, causes, symptoms, and treatments for each Zang are listed for reference.
The Heart prefers tranquility and minimal thought. Resolve adversity by nourishing Kidney Water to communicate with the Heart. Otherwise, illness arises. Accumulated deficiency causes palpitations (weak Heart Qi), hematemesis (Heart fails to control blood), impotence (Heart-Kidney disconnect), forgetfulness, tastelessness, and speech errors (Qi/Blood deficiency). Use tonics: Gouqi (Red-fruited Nightshade Fruit, enters Heart, tonifies Blood), Danggui Shen (Angelica Sinensis Root, tonifies Liver/mother), Suanzaoren (Ziziphus Seed, astringes Heart Yang), Fushen (Poria with Hostwood, calms Heart Qi), Baiziren (Biota Seed, calms mind), Longyan Rou (Longan Aril, tonifies Heart Blood), Lian Zi (Lotus Seed, resembles Heart), Renshen (Ginseng Root, tonifies Lung Qi which connects to Heart). Formulas: Tianwang Buxin Dan, Yangying Tang, Kongsheng Zhenzhong Tang, Guipi Wan/Tang. For depression: Chenpi, Xiangfu, Shichangpu, Yujin, Yuanzhi. The Heart is a void-spiritual mansion; Six Evils rarely affect it directly, usually affecting meridians. Xiexin Tang treats early purgation in Cold Damage causing chest fullness. Blue-black face indicates Cold Heart Qi; use Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) and Fuzi (Prepared Aconite) to warm. Heart is Fire; heat arises from frustration. Sweating (Heart governs sweat), restless sleep (Heart fire), hot palms/soles, sore throat, stiff tongue, cough (Heart fire flaming up), carbuncles, and radial pulse exceeding大鱼际 indicate Heat. Use cooling herbs: Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome, drains Heart Fire), Lianqiao (Forsythia Fruit, clears Heart), Dengxincao (Juncus Medulla), Zhu Xin (Bamboo Core), Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis, clears phlegm-heat), Xijiao (Rhinoceros Horn, cools Heart), Zhusha (Cinnabar, calms/cools), Gancao (Licorice Root, purges with sweetness). Zhibao Dan treats Heat entering Pericardium causing coma/delirium. Tonics should include cooling/warming agents; coolers should include dispersing agents; flexibility is key.
The Liver prefers free flow; avoid anger/depression. Release adversity to nurture vital Qi. Otherwise, rebellion harms the Liver. Deficiency causes memory loss, fear (Spirit damage), blurry vision (Liver opens to eyes, fails to nourish blood), restless sleep (Blood doesn't return to Liver, Hun unsettled), genital retraction (Liver meridian passes through genitals), tendon spasms (Liver governs tendons). Tonics: Danggui Shen, Shengdi, Baishao (nourishes Liver), Niuxi (strengthens tendons), Baiziren (calms Liver/Hun), Duzhong (strengthens tendons/Spirit), Ejiao (cools blood/nourishes Liver Yin), Huangjing, Gouqizi (nourishes Liver/eyes), Gouji (strengthens bones/tendons), Heshouwu (nourishes Liver Yin/tendons). Liver disease with Wind-Fire causes dizziness, epilepsy, deafness (Liver Yang rising), hemoptysis/cough (Wood-Fire flaming up, Liver fails to store blood), convulsions (Wind evil), sore throat (Liver meridian circulates throat), red eyes (Liver Fire rising). Clear fire/extinguish wind: Lingyangjiao (Antelope Horn), Danpi (Moutan Bark), Sangye (Mulberry Leaf), Gouteng (Uncaria Ramulus), Bohe (Mint), Jingjie (Schizonepeta), Ganju (Chrysanthemum), Doupi (Pea Skin - likely typo for specific herb, context suggests harmonizing), Ciji Li (Tribulus Fruit), Qinpi (Ash Bark). For excess heat: Huanglian, Longdancao (Gentiana Root). Stagnation causes epigastric pain, acid regurgitation/vomiting (Wood invading Stomach), hypochondriac pain (Liver meridian), left hypochondriac mass (Liver stagnation), scrofula (Liver Fire stagnation), hernia (Liver meridian circles genitals), amenorrhea. Disperse stagnation: Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel), Xiangfu, Chenpi, Yanhusuo, Yujin, Chaihu (Bupleurum), Xiakucao (Prunella Spike), Chuanlianzi (Toosendan Fruit). Others: Chuanlian, Wuzhuyu, Sanleng, Ezhu based on pattern. Liver is a General, rigid nature, prefers softening agents. Pungent-dry herbs only temporarily; combine with softening agents. Formulas: Xiaoyao San, Qiwei Yin, Zuojin Wan, Zishen Shenggan Yin.
The Spleen resides in the Center, prefers strong transport. Five flavors enter Stomach, distributed by Spleen. Careful diet, avoid raw/cold/damp, minimize worry prevents disease. Labor/worry/sadness causes limb lethargy (Spleen governs limbs), sallow muscles (Spleen governs flesh), diarrhea, indigestion (Spleen fails to move), intermittent fever. Tonics: Dangshen (Codonopsis), Huangqi (Astragalus), Baizhu (Atractylodes), Zhigancao (Honey-fried Licorice), Fuling (Poria), Bidou (Lablab Bean), Huai Shanyao (Dioscorea), Dazao (Jujube). Formulas: Liu Junzi Tang, Buzhong Yiqi Tang, Shenling Baizhu San. Food injury causes abdominal pain/bloating, constipation/diarrhea, tenesmus (Damp-Heat), belching (Spleen Qi stagnation), Pi Qi (mass), fever, pediatric malnutrition/worms. Promote digestion/Qi movement: Guangpi (Tangerine Peel), Sharen (Amomum), Zharen (Hawthorn), Shenqu (Medicated Leaven), Zhike/Zhishi (Aurantium), Maiya/Guya (Barley Sprouts), Houpo (Magnolia Bark), Binglang (Areca Seed), Dahuang (Rhubarb). Formulas: Zhishi Daoshi Wan, Muxiang Binglang Wan, Pingwei San, Baohe Wan. Worms: Yuxian Dan, Zhuichong Wan. Summerheat-Damp causes abdominal pain/diarrery/dysentery, cholera/vomiting. Aromatic/detoxifying/cooling herbs: Huoxiang (Patchouli), Houpo, Guangpi, Huashi (Talc), Chuanlian, Huangqin (Scutellaria), Jianqu (Leaven), Yiyiren (Coix Seed), Zexie (Alisma), Sharen Qiao (Amomum Husk). Formulas: Xiao Banxia Tang, Yiyuan San, Huanglian Xianghuo San, Erxiang San, Xianglian Wan. Cold-Damp/Raw food causes heavy body/pain, pure cold diarrhea, cold aversion, persistent abdominal pain, foot edema, cold vomit, cold extremities. Warm middle/drive damp: Xiangru (Elsholtzia), Cao Kou Ren (Black Cardamom Seed), Ganjiang, Baidoukou (White Cardamom), Liangjiang (Galangal), Fuzi, Rougui (Cinnamon Bark), Cangzhu (Atractylodes), Mugua (Chaenomeles), Qianghuo (Notopterygium), Zisu Ye (Perilla Leaf). Formulas: Dashun San, Wuling San, Lengxiang Yinzi, Jiangshui San.
The Lung is the leader of all vessels, source of Qi. Delicate, dislikes cold and heat, dislikes upward Qi rebellion. Guard against wind-cold, avoid summerheat-damp, dress warmly before cold, undress gradually as it warms; speak less to conserve Qi, eat less pungent/spicy. Otherwise, disease arises. Deficiency...