夫汗之不解者。谓汗出不彻也。汗出不彻。则脉紧恶寒而表症仍在。尤宜
汗之者也。然有汗愈出而愈不解者。如汗出而肢冷。阳气衰也。汗出而脉
躁。阴气竭也。汗出而烦满。胃液干也。所谓汗所当汗而不解者。失之不及
者少。失之太过者多也。汗所不当汗而不解者。则认症不的。非因他证。则
属虚候也。凡此者均谓之不解。而症既悬绝。则治亦异珠。岂可以其汗出
不为汗衰。而复汗之。一逆再逆。以夭人命乎。下之不解者。谓下之而腹满
如故。身热如故。尤宜下之者也。然有愈下而愈不解者。如结胸痞满下利
等症。使复下之。则既已失下。而不可复下之。必也使不下之。则痞结不去。
邪气在而正气虚也。差治者。调其元气。而佐以除邪。不善治者。惟求尽剂。
罔顾人命。此时而议清议攻议补。俱在所难。惟以升阳益胃。兼消兼和。庶
或冀其万一。不然。则所云不解者。终不解矣。
夫三阴之中寒。则下利清谷。仲景用理中姜附汤。三阳合病。则自下利。仲
景以太阳少阳用黄芩汤。少阳阳明用承气汤。盖少阳则火郁。而阳明则
上郁也。虽然。三阳邪犹在表。何遽自利以邪郁而不伸。则为飧泄也。故宜
以升发之剂扬之。不得遽以黄芩承气抑之可耳。然又有表邪未解。而早
投下剂。则邪因而下陷。有表邪未清。而早用寒凉。则水因而旁及。均不可
谓协热而又清之。则邪愈不出而食愈不化矣。惟当进升发内消轻缓之
剂。泻上中之邪。而下焦自实矣。倘果脉数身热。而下利逼迫。火性急速。方
可用芩芍。缓中清火。而以枳朴甘草陈皮佐之。加柴葛上升。乃至当之法。
今人不审所因。一遇下利。舍温中而外。辄日协热。将何以治之而得效也
黄芩浓朴汤 治协热下利。
黄芩（一钱五分） 白芍药（炒） 浓朴（姜制） 枳壳（炒） 广陈皮
葛根（各一钱） 甘草（五分炙） 柴胡（七分）
加姜一片。水煎。
凡是发汗后病证未解的，是指发汗不彻底。发汗不彻底，就会出现脉象紧、怕冷且表证仍在的情况，这更加适宜继续采用发汗法治疗。然而，也有出汗越多病越不解的情况：比如出汗后四肢冰冷，这是阳气衰微的表现；出汗后脉搏躁动不安，这是阴气枯竭的表现；出汗后感到心烦胀满，这是胃中津液干枯的表现。所谓“应当发汗却未解”，其中因发汗力度不够（失之不及）而无效的很少，因发汗过度（失之太过）而无效的很多。对于“不应当发汗却未解”的情况，则是因为辨证不准确，要么是因为其他病证干扰，要么是虚证候。凡此种种都称为“病证未解”，但症状既然截然不同，治疗方法也就大相径庭。怎么能因为患者出汗了，就认为汗法没有效果，从而再次使用发汗法呢？这样一错再错，岂不是要折损人的性命吗？
凡是攻下后病证未解的，是指攻下后腹胀满依旧，身体发热依旧，这种情况下更加适宜继续采用攻下法治疗。然而，也有越攻下病越不解的情况：比如结胸、痞满、下利等症状，如果再次使用攻下法，那么之前已经误用攻下导致正气受损，就不可以再攻下了。必须做到不再攻下，否则痞结不去，邪气留存而正气虚弱。高明的医生，会调理元气，并辅以祛除邪气的方法；不善治的医生，只追求用完药方，不顾及病人的性命。在这种情况下，讨论清热、攻下或进补，都很难实施。只有采用升阳益胃的方法，兼顾消导与调和，或许还有一线希望。否则，所谓的“病证未解”，终究是无法解除的。
在三阴经中受寒，会导致下利清谷（大便中有未消化的食物），张仲景使用理中汤加干姜、附子（理中姜附汤）。三阳经合病，会导致自发性下利，张仲景对于太阳少阳合病使用黄芩汤，对于少阳阳明合病使用承气汤。大概是因为少阳经火气郁结，而阳明经气机上逆郁滞。虽然如此，三阳经的邪气还在体表，为何会迅速出现下利？这是因为邪气郁结不得舒展，从而形成飧泄（完谷不化的腹泻）。因此适宜使用升发性质的药剂来扬散邪气，不能立刻用黄芩汤或承气汤来压制。然而，又有表邪未解而过早投用攻下药物的，会导致邪气内陷；表邪未清而过早使用寒凉药的，会导致水湿旁流波及他处。这些情况都不能简单地认为是“协热下利”而进行清热治疗，否则邪气更加无法排出，食物更加无法消化。只应当服用升发兼有轻微消导作用的药剂，泻去上焦和中焦的邪气，下焦自然就会充实。如果确实脉数身热，且下利急迫，由于火性急速，方才可以使用黄芩、白芍药，缓和中部并清除火热，并用枳壳、厚朴、甘草、陈皮作为辅助，加入柴胡、葛根以升提阳气，这才是恰当的方法。现在的人不审察病因，一遇到下利，抛开温中法不谈，张口就是“协热下利”，那用什么方法治疗才能见效呢？
黄芩浓朴汤：治疗协热下利。
黄芩（一钱五分）、白芍药（炒制）、厚朴（姜汁炮制）、枳壳（炒制）、广陈皮、葛根（各一钱）、甘草（五分，炙烤）、柴胡（七分）。
加生姜一片，用水煎服。
Where the exterior is not resolved by sweating, it refers to incomplete sweating. Incomplete sweating results in a tight pulse, aversion to cold, and the persistence of exterior syndrome (Exterior Syndrome), which makes continued diaphoresis (Diaphoresis) even more appropriate. However, there are cases where the more one sweats, the less the condition resolves. For instance, sweating accompanied by cold limbs indicates the decline of Yang Qi (Yang Qi); sweating with a restless pulse indicates the exhaustion of Yin Qi (Yin Qi); sweating with irritability and fullness indicates the dryness of Stomach fluids (Stomach Fluids). Regarding "failure to resolve after indicated sweating," few cases fail due to insufficient sweating (insufficiency), while many fail due to excessive sweating (excess). Regarding "failure to resolve after non-indicated sweating," this is due to inaccurate pattern differentiation; either other syndromes are interfering, or it belongs to deficiency patterns. All such cases are termed "unresolved," but since the symptoms are drastically different, the treatments must also differ. How can one, seeing that the patient has sweated, conclude that diaphoresis was ineffective and repeat it? Such repeated errors would only shorten life.
Where purgation does not resolve the condition, it refers to persistent abdominal fullness and body heat after purgation, indicating that further purgation (Purgation) is still appropriate. However, there are cases where the more one purges, the less the condition resolves. For example, in conditions like Jie Xiong (Chest Binding), Pi Man (Pi Fullness), and diarrhea, if purgation is repeated, having already failed to purge correctly and damaged the healthy Qi, one must not purge again. One must cease purgation; otherwise, the Pi binding will not disperse, pathogenic factors remain, and healthy Qi becomes deficient. Competent physicians regulate Yuan Qi (Primary Qi) and assist in eliminating pathogens; incompetent physicians merely seek to exhaust the prescription, disregarding human life. At this stage, discussing clearing heat, purging, or tonifying is all difficult. Only by raising Yang and benefiting the Spleen/Stomach, combining elimination with harmonization, might there be a faint hope. Otherwise, what is called "unresolved" will truly remain unresolved.
Among the Three Yin meridians, Cold invasion leads to diarrhea with undigested food (Qing Gu). Zhang Zhongjing uses Lizhong Tang with Ginger and Aconite (Lizhong Jiang Fu Tang). When the Three Yang meridians are involved simultaneously, spontaneous diarrhea occurs. Zhang Zhongjing uses Huangqin Tang for Taiyang-Shaoyang involvement, and Chengqi Tang for Shaoyang-Yangming involvement. This is because Shaoyang involves Fire stagnation, while Yangming involves upward stagnation. Although the pathogenic factors of the Three Yang are still on the exterior, why does rapid diarrhea occur? It is because the pathogen is stagnant and cannot extend, leading to Sun Xie (undigested stool diarrhea). Therefore, it is appropriate to use ascending and dispersing agents to raise the pathogen, rather than immediately suppressing it with Huangqin Tang or Chengqi Tang. However, if purgatives are administered too early while the exterior pathogen remains unresolved, the pathogen sinks inward; if cooling herbs are used too early while the exterior pathogen is not cleared, water-dampness spreads laterally. Neither should be simply treated as Xie Re Xia Li (Diarrhea with Accompanying Heat) by clearing heat, for this causes the pathogen to remain trapped and food digestion to fail further. One should administer mild ascending and dispersing agents with slight digestive properties to drain the pathogen from the Upper and Middle Jiao, so that the Lower Jiao naturally becomes solid. If the pulse is rapid, the body is hot, and the diarrhea is urgent, due to the swift nature of Fire, then Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) and Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) may be used to moderate the center and clear heat, assisted by Zhike (Aurantii Fructus), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), and Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium). Adding Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) and Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) to ascend is the most appropriate method. Nowadays, people do not examine the cause; upon encountering diarrhea, they discard warming the middle and immediately claim "Xie Re." How can treatment be effective under such circumstances?
Huangqin Nongpu Tang: Treats Diarrhea with Accompanying Heat.
Huangqin (1.5 qian), Baishao (stir-fried), Houpo (processed with ginger juice), Zhike (stir-fried), Guang Chenpi, Gegen (each 1 qian), Gancao (0.5 qian, honey-fried), Chaihu (0.7 qian).
Add one slice of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), decoct in water.