凡窍各司其一。而唯目。则五脏之精华。皆上注焉。其瞳子。则水之晶而火
之用也。黑膏者。木之脂。白膏者。金之液。木火金水。合聚其彩。重重裹之。而
神乃外发。故其光之所射。无远不照。无微不察。犹天之有日月也。然人但
知其发之用在木火金水。而不知其藏之妙独在于土。土无光者也。而上
下眼胞则主之。以司开阖。故昼则开而属阳。夜则阖而属阴。有阴之阖。正
以济阳之用。木火金水。皆藏于土中。乃发露而不穷。此造化之巧。本于能
藏也。试观之木膏入土。年久成珀。铜坑在土。空青乃生。井中水。则澄澈。石
中火。则光焰。无在不藉土为用。东垣云。五脏六腑之精气。皆禀受于脾土。
贯于目。脾者诸阴之首。目者血脉之宗。脾虚则五脏之精气。皆失所司。不
能归明于目矣。苟心烦事冗。饮食失节。劳役过度。则百脉沸腾。复感外邪。
而诸病生焉。善治者。必理脾胃。养血安神。而驱风清火。治标之法。可暂而
不可常者。若夫色欲损肾。则肾肝之阴。真水真火。不可一日而缺。尤急宜
讲求者也。
一目疾感风寒。脉浮洪或紧。宜发散。后加甘菊蒺藜决明枳壳。凉血。生地丹皮。
一日疾红赤。不畏风寒。脉数疾者。用甘菊蒺藜决明山栀酒芩酒连当归枳壳。
一眼胞浮肿。防风通圣散主之。微肿而虚。用蝉壳茯苓决明山药木通麦冬或加白术。
一目疾有星翳。用蒺藜木贼决明谷精当归生地蔓荆子青葙子。
一眼目昏花。视物不明。因思虑者归脾汤。劳倦者补中益气汤。郁怒者加
味逍遥散。肾水不足。滋阴肾气丸。真火不足。济阴地黄丸。或八味丸加沙苑蒺藜枸杞子。
一瞳神散大。用远志茯神枣仁人参枸杞山药五味。
一肝肾气虚。两目昏暗。视物不明。用加减驻景丸。
一雀盲。至夜则目不见。用补中益气汤加枸杞子山茱肉山药。
一沿眶烂眼。用甘菊白芷各二钱。朴硝五钱。杏仁十七粒。胆矾三分。羌活
一钱。水二钟。煎一钟。净洗神应。
一东垣治饮食劳役所伤。视物昏花。用益气聪明汤。
一娄全善治目珠疼。至夜尤甚。及点苦寒药反疼者。用夏枯草四两。香附
末二两。甘草四钱。清茶调服二钱良效。
防风通圣散
防风 川芎 当归 薄荷 芍药 大黄（炒） 麻黄 连翘 芒硝（各五钱） 石膏
黄芩 桔梗（各一两） 滑石（六两） 山栀 荆芥 白术（各一两土炒） 甘草（二两）
为末。每服二钱。姜水煎服。
滋阴肾气丸
熟地黄（三两） 生地黄（四两） 牡丹皮 当归 山茱肉 山药 柴胡 五味子（各五钱） 泽泻 茯苓（各二
两五钱）
为末。蜜丸。每服三钱。淡盐汤下。
济阴地黄丸
五味子 麦门冬 当归身 熟地黄 肉苁蓉 山茱肉 干山药 枸杞子 甘菊花 巴戟肉（各等分）
为末。蜜丸。每服三钱。白汤下。
加减驻景丸
菟丝子（半斤酒制） 当归 熟地黄（各五两） 车前子（焙） 五味子 枸杞子（各二两） 楮实子 川椒（炒
各一两）
为末。蜜丸。每服三钱。温酒下。
益气聪明汤
人参 黄 （蜜水炒） 炙甘草（各五钱） 升麻 葛根（各三钱） 蔓荆子（钱半焙研） 芍药（酒炒） 黄柏
（各一钱）
每服三钱。水煎。
凡是孔窍各自负责其特定的功能。唯独眼睛，五脏的精华之气都向上灌注于此。瞳孔，是水之精晶与火之作用的体现；黑睛（巩膜/角膜部分），是木之脂液；白睛，是金之津液。木、火、金、水四者汇聚其色彩，层层包裹，神气从而向外发散。因此，目光所射之处，无远不照，无微不察，就像天空有太阳和月亮一样。然而人们只知道眼睛发光的功用在于木、火、金、水，却不知道其藏蓄的精妙独独在于土。土本身是没有光芒的，但上下眼睑由土所主，负责控制眼睛的开合。所以白天睁眼属于阳，夜晚闭眼属于阴。有阴的闭合，正是为了辅助阳的作用。木、火、金、水都藏于土中，才能显露而不枯竭。这是造化的巧妙，根本在于能够藏纳。试看木脂落入土中，年久变成琥珀；铜矿坑在土中，空青石由此生成；井中之水，因为土而澄澈；石中之火，因为土而光焰明亮。无处不借助土来发挥作用。李东垣说：五脏六腑的精气，都禀受于脾土，贯通于眼睛。脾是诸阴之首，眼睛是血脉的宗汇。脾虚则五脏的精气都失去主宰，不能使眼睛清明。如果心烦意乱、事务繁杂，饮食没有节制，劳累过度，那么百脉沸腾，再感受外邪，各种疾病就产生了。善于治疗的人，必须调理脾胃，养血安神，驱风清火。治标的方法，可以暂时使用，但不能作为常规。至于因色欲损伤肾脏，那么肝肾之阴，真水真火，不可一日缺失，尤其急需深入探讨和治疗。
一种目疾感受风寒，脉象浮洪或紧，宜用发散法。之后加入甘菊、蒺藜、决明子、枳壳以凉血，生地、丹皮。
一种目疾红赤，不畏风寒，脉象数疾的，用甘菊、蒺藜、决明子、山栀、酒芩、酒连、当归、枳壳。
一眼睑浮肿，以防风通圣散为主治。微肿且虚证的，用蝉蜕、茯苓、决明子、山药、木通、麦冬，或者加白术。
一种目疾有星翳（角膜云翳），用蒺藜、木贼、决明子、谷精草、当归、生地、蔓荆子、青葙子。
一眼目昏花，视物不明，因思虑过度的用归脾汤；因劳倦的用补中益气汤；因郁怒的用加味逍遥散；肾水不足的用滋阴肾气丸；真火不足的用济阴地黄丸。或者八味丸加沙苑蒺藜、枸杞子。
一种瞳神散大，用远志、茯神、枣仁、人参、枸杞、山药、五味子。
一种雀盲（夜盲症），到了晚上就看不见东西，用补中益气汤加枸杞子、山茱萸、山药。
一种沿眼眶溃烂的眼病，用甘菊、白芷各二钱，朴硝五钱，杏仁十七粒，胆矾三分，羌活一钱，水两钟，煎成一钟，洗净患处，效果神奇。
一种娄全善治疗的眼珠疼痛，到夜间尤其严重，以及点苦寒药反而疼痛的，用夏枯草四两，香附末二两，甘草四钱，清茶调服二钱，疗效良好。
防风通圣散
防风、川芎、当归、薄荷、芍药、大黄（炒）、麻黄、连翘、芒硝（各五钱）、石膏、黄芩、桔梗（各一两）、滑石（六两）、山栀、荆芥、白术（各一两，土炒）、甘草（二两）。研为细末。每次服用二钱，姜水煎服。
滋阴肾气丸
熟地黄（三两）、生地黄（四两）、牡丹皮、当归、山茱萸、山药、柴胡、五味子（各五钱）、泽泻、茯苓（各二两五钱）。研为细末，蜜丸。每次服用三钱，淡盐汤送下。
济阴地黄丸
五味子、麦门冬、当归身、熟地黄、肉苁蓉、山茱萸、干山药、枸杞子、甘菊花、巴戟天肉（各等分）。研为细末，蜜丸。每次服用三钱，白开水送下。
加减驻景丸
菟丝子（半斤，酒制）、当归、熟地黄（各五两）、车前子（焙）、五味子、枸杞子（各二两）、楮实子、川椒（炒，各一两）。研为细末，蜜丸。每次服用三钱，温酒送下。
益气聪明汤
人参、黄芪（蜜水炒）、炙甘草（各五钱）、升麻、葛根（各三钱）、蔓荆子（一钱半，焙后研碎）、芍药（酒炒）、黄柏（各一钱）。每次服用三钱，水煎服。
All orifices each perform their specific functions. However, only the eyes receive the essence of all five zang organs flowing upwards into them. The pupil is the crystal of water and the function of fire; the black part (cornea/sclera) is the lipid of wood; the white part is the fluid of metal. Wood, fire, metal, and water gather their colors, wrapped in layers, so that spirit (Shen) radiates outward. Thus, where the gaze shines, nothing is too far to illuminate, nothing too minute to observe, just as heaven has the sun and moon. Yet people only know that the function of emitting light lies in wood, fire, metal, and water, but do not realize that the subtlety of storing it lies uniquely in earth. Earth itself has no light, but the upper and lower eyelids are governed by earth, controlling opening and closing. Therefore, opening during the day belongs to Yang, and closing at night belongs to Yin. The closing of Yin serves to assist the function of Yang. Wood, fire, metal, and water are all stored within earth, allowing them to emerge without exhaustion. This is the ingenuity of creation, rooted in the ability to store. Observe: when wood resin enters the soil, it becomes amber over years; when copper pits are in the soil, azurite (Kongqing) is born; well water becomes clear due to the soil; fire in stones shines brightly because of the soil. Everywhere relies on earth for its use. Li Dongyuan said: The essence of all five zang and six fu organs is received from spleen-earth and penetrates into the eyes. The spleen is the head of all yin, and the eyes are the congregation of blood vessels. If the spleen is deficient, the essence of all five zang organs loses its control and cannot bring clarity to the eyes. If one is troubled, burdened with affairs, eats irregularly, or works too hard, the hundred vessels boil, and if external pathogens are contracted, various diseases arise. A skilled practitioner must regulate the spleen and stomach, nourish blood, calm the spirit, dispel wind, and clear fire. Methods treating the branch (symptoms) may be used temporarily but not routinely. As for kidney damage caused by sexual excess, the yin of liver and kidney, true water and true fire, cannot be lacking for a single day; this requires urgent attention and study.
For an eye disease caused by wind-cold invasion, with floating, surging, or tight pulse, dispersing methods should be used. Afterwards, add Chrysanthemi Flos (Gan Ju), Tribuli Fructus (Ji Li), Cassiae Semen (Jue Ming Zi), and Aurantii Fructus (Zhi Ke) to cool blood, along with Rehmanniae Radix (Sheng Di) and Moutan Cortex (Dan Pi).
For an eye disease presenting with redness, without aversion to wind or cold, and with a rapid, hurried pulse, use Chrysanthemi Flos (Gan Ju), Tribuli Fructus (Ji Li), Cassiae Semen (Jue Ming Zi), Gardeniae Fructus (Shan Zhi), Scutellariae Radix processed with wine (Jiu Qin), Coptidis Rhizoma processed with wine (Jiu Lian), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Dang Gui), and Aurantii Fructus (Zhi Ke).
For swollen eyelids, Fangfeng Tongsheng San (Wind-Dispersing Universal Rescue Powder) is the primary treatment. For slight swelling with deficiency signs, use Cicada Slough (Chan Ke), Poria (Fu Ling), Cassiae Semen (Jue Ming Zi), Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Shan Yao), Akebia Caulis (Mu Tong), and Ophiopogonis Radix (Mai Dong), or add Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Bai Zhu).
For eye diseases with star-like nebulae (corneal opacities), use Tribuli Fructus (Ji Li), Equiseti Herba (Mu Zei), Cassiae Semen (Jue Ming Zi), Sparganii Rhizoma (Gu Jing Cao), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Dang Gui), Rehmanniae Radix (Sheng Di), Viticis Fructus (Man Jing Zi), and Celosiae Semen (Qing Xiang Zi).
For dim vision and unclear sight: if caused by overthinking, use Guipi Tang (Restore the Spleen Decoction); if caused by fatigue, use Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction); if caused by depression and anger, use Jiawei Xiaoyao San (Modified Free and Easy Wanderer Powder); if due to insufficiency of kidney water, use Ziyin Shenqi Wan (Nourish Yin Kidney Qi Pill); if due to insufficiency of true fire, use Jiyin Dihuang Wan (Nourish Yin Rehmannia Pill). Alternatively, use Bajia Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill) plus Astragali Complanati Semen (Shayuan Jili) and Lycii Fructus (Gouqizi).
For dilated pupils, use Polygalae Radix (Yuan Zhi), Polyporus (Fushen), Ziziphus Seed (Zaoren), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Lycii Fructus (Gouqi), Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Shanyao), and Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi).
For liver-kidney qi deficiency causing dim vision in both eyes and unclear sight, use Jiajian Zhujing Wan (Modified Staying Scenery Pill).
For nyctalopia (night blindness), where vision fails at night, use Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) plus Lycii Fructus (Gouqizi), Corni Fructus (Shanzhuyu), and Dioscoreae Rhizoma (Shanyao).
For ulceration along the orbital rim, use Chrysanthemi Flos (Gan Ju) and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi) 2 qian each, Natrii Sulfas (Puxiao) 5 qian, Almond Seeds (Xingren) 17 grains, Alum (Danfan) 3 fen, and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo) 1 qian. Boil in two zhong of water until one zhong remains, and wash the affected area cleanly for miraculous effect.
Li Dongyuan treated blurred vision caused by dietary injury and labor fatigue using Yiqi Congming Tang (Boost Qi and Brighten Eyes Decoction).
Lou Quanshan treated eye pain, worse at night, or pain exacerbated by bitter-cold drops, using Prunellae Spica (Xiakucao) 4 liang, Cyperi Rhizoma powder (Xiangfu Mo) 2 liang, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) 4 qian. Take 2 qian mixed with clear tea for good effect.
Fangfeng Tongsheng San (Wind-Dispersing Universal Rescue Powder)
Fangfeng, Chuanxiong, Danggui, Bohe, Shaoyao, Dahuang (stir-fried), Mahuang, Lianqiao, Mangxiao (each 5 qian), Shigao, Huangqin, Jiegeng (each 1 liang), Huashi (6 liang), Shanzhi, Jingjie, Baizhu (each 1 liang, stir-fried with earth), Gancao (2 liang). Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, decocted with ginger water.
Ziyin Shenqi Wan (Nourish Yin Kidney Qi Pill)
Shudihuang (3 liang), Shengdihuang (4 liang), Mudanpi, Danggui, Shanzhuyu, Shanyao, Chaihu, Wuweizi (each 5 qian), Zexie, Fuling (each 2.5 liang). Grind into powder, make honey pills. Take 3 qian per dose, washed down with light salt water.
Jiyin Dihuang Wan (Nourish Yin Rehmannia Pill)
Wuweizi, Maimendong, Dangguishen, Shudihuang, Rongsheng, Shanzhuyu, Ganshanyao, Gouqizi, Ganjuhua, Baqirou (equal parts). Grind into powder, make honey pills. Take 3 qian per dose, washed down with plain warm water.
Jiajian Zhujing Wan (Modified Staying Scenery Pill)
Tusizi (half jin, wine-processed), Danggui, Shudihuang (each 5 liang), Cheqianzi (roasted), Wuweizi, Gouqizi (each 2 liang), Chushizi, Chuanjiao (stir-fried, each 1 liang). Grind into powder, make honey pills. Take 3 qian per dose, washed down with warm wine.
Yiqi Congming Tang (Boost Qi and Brighten Eyes Decoction)
Renshen, Huangqi (stir-fried with honey water), Zhigancao (each 5 qian), Shengma, Gegen (each 3 qian), Manjingzi (1.5 qian, roasted and ground), Shaoyao (wine-processed), Huangbai (each 1 qian). Take 3 qian per dose, decocted in water.