书云∶忍尿不便成五淋,膝冷成痹。忍大便成五痔。努小便足膝香港脚。努大便腰痛目涩。
或饮食,或走马,或疾步,或为寒热所迫,令胞转脐下痛,胞屈辟不小便,致死。
大小二事勿强闭过忍。又忽失度,或涩或泄,皆伤气害生,为祸甚速。
刘惟简至干宁军,有人献金花丸以缩小便。药犯砒蜡,服二日小便极少。至霸舟肢体通肿。盖闭关却水
道,水溢妄行。不遇卢昶,几为所误。盖水泉不止者,膀胱不藏也。宜服暖剂以摄水,其可强止之耶?
《琐碎录》云∶对三光便溺及向西北,并损人年寿。
书云∶春冰未泮,衣欲下浓上薄。养阳收阴,继世长生。春天不可薄衣,伤寒霍乱,食不消头痛。
大汗能易衣,佳。或急洗亦好。湿衣汗衣不可久着,发疮及风疹,二府不利。大汗偏脱衣,
得偏风半身不遂。醉酒汗出脱衣靴袜,当风取凉,成香港脚。
冬时绵衣毡褥之类,急寒急着,急换急脱。
陶隐居云∶绵衣不用顿加添,稍暖又宜时暂脱。
《琐碎录》云∶若要安乐,不脱不着,北方语也;若要安乐,烦脱频着,南方语也。
《内经》云∶阳出则出,阳入则入。无扰筋骨,无见雾露。违此一时,形乃困薄。
经云∶大寒大热大风大雾,勿冒之。天之邪气,感则伤人五脏;水谷寒热,感则害人六腑;
地之湿气,感之害人皮肉筋脉。
先贤云∶人以一握元气,岂可与大造化敌?康节有四不出之训。
书云∶犯大寒而寒至骨髓,主脑逆头痛齿亦痛。又云∶不远热而热至,则头痛身热,肉痛生矣。
真人曰∶在家在外,忽逢大风豪雨、震雷昏雾,皆是诸龙鬼神经过,宜入室烧香静坐以避之,
过后不出,吉。不尔杀人。
书忌云∶朔不可哭,晦不可歌,招凶。
古籍记载:强忍小便不排,会形成五种淋证(以尿频、尿急、尿痛为主要表现的病证);膝盖发冷会导致痹证(肢体关节疼痛、麻木、屈伸不利的病证)。强忍大便不排,会形成五种痔疾。用力排尿会导致足膝部的香港脚(泛指下肢肿胀、疼痛或痿弱的病症);用力排便会导致腰痛和眼睛干涩。
如果在饮食、骑马奔驰、快步奔跑时,或者被寒热邪气逼迫,导致膀胱扭转,脐下疼痛,膀胱屈曲闭塞而小便不通,甚至致死。
大小便不要强行憋闭或过度忍耐。如果突然失去节制,或者小便涩滞不畅,或者腹泻泄泻,都会损伤正气危害生命,造成的祸害非常迅速。
刘惟简到任干宁军时,有人进献“金花丸”来缩小便量。该药含有砒霜和蜡,服用两天后小便极少。到了霸州时,全身肢体浮肿。这是因为关闭了水道,水液泛滥妄行。如果不是遇到卢昶医生,几乎因此误事。大概是因为水泉不止(小便失禁),是膀胱不能固藏所致。应当服用温热的药物来摄纳水液,怎么可以强行止住呢?
《琐碎录》记载:对着日光、月光、星光大小便,或者面向西北方向大小便,都会损害人的寿命。
古籍记载:春天冰层尚未融化时,穿衣应当下部厚实上部轻薄。以此养护阳气、收敛阴气,从而延续生命、长生不老。春天不可以穿得单薄,否则易患伤寒、霍乱、食物不消化、头痛等病。
出大汗后可以更换衣服,这是好的。或者立即清洗也可以。湿衣服和汗衣服不可长时间穿着,否则会引发疮疡和风疹,导致大小便不利。出大汗时如果只脱掉一侧的衣服,容易患上偏风(中风的一种),导致半身不遂。醉酒出汗时脱下靴袜,对着风取凉,会形成香港脚。
冬季的棉衣、毡褥之类,遇到严寒要赶紧穿上,遇到天暖要赶紧脱下。
陶隐居说:穿棉衣不要一下子添加太多,稍微暖和时又适宜暂时脱下。
《琐碎录》说:“若要安乐,不脱不着”,这是北方的俗语;“若要安乐,烦脱频着”,这是南方的俗语。
《内经》记载:阳气外出时就外出,阳气内入时就内入。不要扰动筋骨,不要接触雾露。违背这一原则一时片刻,形体就会困顿虚弱。
医经记载:大寒、大热、大风、大雾,不要冒犯它。天的邪气,侵入则伤害五脏;水谷的寒热之气,侵入则伤害六腑;地的湿气,侵入则伤害皮肉筋脉。
先贤说:人只有一握的元气,怎么能与大造化(自然规律)对抗?康节先生有“四不出”的训诫。
古籍记载:触犯大寒,寒气深入骨髓,主要症状是头脑逆上的头痛,牙齿也会痛。又说:不远离热邪而热邪侵袭,就会出现头痛、身热、肌肉疼痛等症状。
真人说:在家或在外面,忽然遇到大风暴雨、雷电昏雾,这些都是诸龙鬼神经过,应当进入室内烧香静坐以躲避它,过后不再出来,吉利。不然会杀人。
禁忌书说:初一(朔日)不可哭泣,三十(晦日)不可唱歌,否则会招致凶险。
Ancient texts state: Enduring the urge to urinate without relieving oneself can lead to five types of Lin syndrome (diseases characterized by frequent, urgent, and painful urination); cold knees can lead to Bi syndrome (diseases characterized by pain, numbness, and impaired movement of joints and limbs). Enduring the urge to defecate without relieving oneself can lead to five types of hemorrhoids. Straining during urination can cause Hong Kong jiao (a general term for disorders of the lower limbs such as swelling, pain, or weakness); straining during defecation can cause lower back pain and dry eyes.
If one is eating, riding a horse at speed, walking briskly, or being compelled by cold-heat pathogens, it may cause the bladder to twist, resulting in pain below the umbilicus. If the bladder becomes folded and closed, preventing urination, it can even lead to death.
Do not forcibly hold back or excessively endure bowel or bladder movements. Sudden loss of control, whether manifesting as urinary retention or diarrhea, will all damage Qi and harm life, causing rapid and severe consequences.
Liu Weijian arrived at Gan Ning Jun, where someone presented "Jinhua Wan" (Golden Flower Pill) to reduce urine volume. The medicine contained arsenic and wax. After taking it for two days, urine output was extremely low. Upon reaching Bazhou, the entire body became swollen. This was because the water pathways were blocked, causing water to overflow and move recklessly. Had he not encountered Dr. Lu Chang, he would almost have been misled by this treatment. Generally, when water springs do not cease (incontinence), it indicates that the Bladder fails to store. One should administer warm agents to secure the water; how can one forcibly stop it?
The *Suosui Lu* states: Defecating or urinating facing the sunlight, moonlight, or starlight, or facing northwest while doing so, will all shorten one's lifespan.
Ancient texts state: When spring ice has not yet melted, clothing should be thick at the bottom and thin at the top. This nurtures Yang and collects Yin, thereby extending life and promoting longevity. In spring, one must not wear thin clothes, otherwise one may suffer from Cold Damage, Cholera, indigestion, and headache.
Changing clothes after profuse sweating is good. Washing immediately is also acceptable. Wet or sweaty clothes should not be worn for long, as they can cause sores, wind-rash, and dysfunction of the bowels and bladder. Taking off only half of one's clothes after profuse sweating can lead to Pi Feng (hemiplegia due to wind-stroke). Taking off boots and socks while sweating from drunkenness and cooling off in the wind can cause Hong Kong jiao.
In winter, items such as cotton clothes and felt mattresses should be put on quickly when it gets cold and taken off quickly when it gets warm.
Tao Hongjing said: Do not add cotton clothes all at once; when slightly warm, it is appropriate to take them off temporarily.
The *Suosui Lu* states: "To seek peace and joy, neither take off nor put on [clothes excessively]" is a Northern saying; "To seek peace and joy, frequently take off and put on [clothes]" is a Southern saying.
The *Neijing* states: When Yang Qi goes out, go out; when Yang Qi enters, enter. Do not disturb the sinews and bones, and do not expose yourself to fog and dew. Violating this even for a moment will cause the physical form to become exhausted and weak.
The Classics state: Do not expose yourself to extreme cold, extreme heat, strong winds, or heavy fog. Pathogenic Qi from Heaven, if contracted, injures the Five Zang Organs; cold and heat from food and drink, if contracted, injure the Six Fu Organs; dampness from Earth, if contracted, injures the skin, flesh, sinews, and vessels.
The sages say: Humans possess only a handful of Yuan Qi (Primordial Qi); how can they contend with the Great Creation (Nature)? Master Kangjie had the instruction of "Four No-Goes."
Ancient texts state: Exposing oneself to extreme cold allows cold to reach the bone marrow, primarily causing headache radiating upward to the head, and toothache. It also says: If one does not stay away from heat and heat invades, then headache, fever, and muscle pain will arise.
The True Man said: Whether at home or abroad, if suddenly encountering strong winds, heavy rain, thunder, or dark fog, these are passages of dragons, ghosts, and deities. One should enter the room, burn incense, sit quietly, and avoid them. Not coming out afterwards brings good fortune. Otherwise, it can be fatal.
Taboo books state: On the first day of the lunar month (Shuo), one should not weep; on the last day (Hui), one should not sing, as this invites misfortune.