黄帝问曰∶风之伤人也，或为寒热，或为热中，或为寒中，或为厉风，或为偏
枯，或为风也，其病各异，其名不同，或内至五脏六腑，不知其懈，愿闻其说。岐伯
对曰∶风气藏于皮肤之间，内不得通，外不得泄。风者善行而数变，腠理开则洒然寒，
闭则热而闷。其寒也则衰食饮，其热也则消肌肉。故使人佚栗而不能食，名曰寒热。风气与
阳明入胃，循脉而上至目内 ，其人肥，则风气不得外泄，则为热中而目黄；人瘦则外
泄而寒，则为寒中而泣出。风气与太阳俱入，行诸肺俞，散于分肉之间，与卫气相干，其
道不利，故使肌肉愤 而有疡，卫气有所凝而不行，故其肉有不仁也。
厉者，有荣卫热 ，其气不清，故使鼻柱坏而色败，皮肤疡溃。风寒客于脉而不去，
名曰厉风，或名曰
寒热。以春甲乙伤于风者为肝风。以夏丙丁伤于风者为心风，以季夏戊己伤于邪者为
脾风，以秋庚辛中于邪者为肺风，以冬壬癸中于邪者为肾风。风中五脏六腑之俞，亦名脏
腑之风，各入其门户，所中则为偏风。风气循风府而上，则为脑风。风入目系，则为目
风，眼寒。饮酒中风，则为漏风。入房汗出中风，则为内风。新沐中风，则为首风。久风
入中，则为肠风，飧泄。外在腠理，则为泄风。故风者百病之长也，至其变化，乃
为他病也，无常方，然致有风病也。
帝曰∶五脏风之形状不同者何？愿闻其诊，及其病能。岐伯曰∶肺风之状，多汗恶
风，色 然白，时咳短气，书日则瘥，暮则甚，诊在眉上，其色白。心风之状，多汗
恶风，焦绝善怒哧，赤色，病甚则言不可快，诊在口，其色赤。肝风之状，多汗恶风，善
悲，色微苍，嗌干善怒，时憎女子，诊在目下，其色青。脾风之状，多汗恶风，身体倦
惰，四肢不欲动，色薄微黄，不嗜食，诊在鼻上，其色黄。肾风之状，多汗恶风，面 然
浮肿，脊痛不能正立，其色 ，隐曲不利，诊在肌上，其色黑。胃风之状，颈多汗，恶
风，饮食不下，鬲塞不通，腹善满，失衣则 胀，食寒则泄，诊形瘦而腹大。首风之
状，头面多汗，恶风，当先风一日，则病甚，头痛不可以出内，至其风日，则病少愈。漏
风之状，或多汗，常不可单衣，食则汗出，甚则身汗，喘息恶风，衣常濡，口干善渴，不
能劳事。泄风之状，多汗，汗出泄衣上，口干善渴，不能劳事，身体尽痛则寒。
《内经》风邪，系外感之病。有内外、脏腑、虚实、寒热之不同，别为瘫痪、痿弱、
卒中不省、僵仆、 斜、挛缩、眩运、语涩、不语之文。后世始与痿证混淆矣。
《要略》云∶风之为病，当半身不遂，经络空虚，邪贼不泻，或左或右，邪气缓，
正气即急，正气引邪，
僻不遂。邪在于络，肌肤不仁，在经，则重不胜。邪入腑，不识人，入脏则难言，口吐涎。
《千金》云∶岐伯中风大法有四。一曰偏枯，半身不遂。二曰风痱于身无痛，四
肢不收。三曰风懿，奄忽不知人。四曰风痹，诸痹类风状。后世中风，方治皆祖《要略》、《
巢氏》《千金》之论。但不当以外中风邪立名，而与五内痿证混同出治，此千古之弊也。
黄帝问道：风邪侵袭人体，有的表现为寒热症状，有的表现为热中症，有的表现为寒中症，有的发展为厉风（麻风病），有的导致偏枯（半身不遂），有的称为风病。这些病症各不相同，名称也不同，有的深入五脏六腑，我不明白其中的机理，希望能听听您的解释。岐伯回答说：风邪潜伏在皮肤之间，向内不能通达，向外不能发泄。风性善于游走且变化多端，腠理（皮肤纹理及汗孔）开泄时则感到洒然寒冷，腠理闭塞时则发热且胸闷。如果表现为寒证，则食欲减退；如果表现为热证，则肌肉消损。因此使人战栗而不能进食，名为寒热。风邪随阳明经进入胃中，沿经脉上行至目内眦，如果其人形体肥胖，则风邪不得外泄，从而形成热中症而目黄；如果其人形体消瘦，则风邪易于外泄而表现为寒，从而形成寒中症而流泪。风邪与太阳经一同侵入，行于肺俞穴，散布于分肉之间，与卫气相搏结，其道不利，因此使肌肉肿胀并生疮疡，卫气凝滞而不运行，所以肌肉出现麻木不仁。
所谓厉风，是由于营卫热气郁蒸，气血不清，因而导致鼻梁塌陷、面色败坏、皮肤溃疡。风寒之邪客留于脉中不去，名为厉风，有时也称为寒热。在春季甲乙日受风邪伤害的，称为肝风；在夏季丙丁日受风邪伤害的，称为心风；在长夏戊己日受邪气伤害的，称为脾风；在秋季庚辛日受邪气伤害的，称为肺风；在冬季壬癸日受邪气伤害的，称为肾风。风邪侵入五脏六腑的背俞穴，也称为脏腑之风，各入其门户，所中之处即为偏风。风邪循风府穴上行，则成为脑风。风邪侵入目系，则成为目风，伴有眼寒。饮酒后中风，则成为漏风。房事出汗后中风，则成为内风。刚洗头后中风，则成为首风。久风入里，则成为肠风，伴有完谷不化的泄泻。风邪停留在体表腠理，则成为泄风。所以风是百病的先导，至于它的变化，就演变为其他疾病了，没有固定的形式，但凡是导致风病的，都与风有关。
黄帝说：五脏受风的形态为何不同？希望能听听诊察方法及其病理表现。岐伯说：肺风的症状，是多汗恶风，面色苍白，时常咳嗽短气，白天病情减轻，傍晚加重，诊察部位在眉上，其色白。心风的症状，是多汗恶风，口舌焦燥易怒，面色赤红，病重时言语不畅，诊察部位在口，其色赤。肝风的症状，是多汗恶风，容易悲伤，面色微青，咽喉干燥易怒，有时厌恶女性，诊察部位在目下，其色青。脾风的症状，是多汗恶风，身体倦怠懒惰，四肢不想活动，面色淡黄，食欲不振，诊察部位在鼻上，其色黄。肾风的症状，是多汗恶风，面部浮肿，脊痛不能直立，面色黑，小便不利，诊察部位在肌肤，其色黑。胃风的症状，颈部多汗，恶风，饮食不下，胸膈阻塞不通，腹部常胀满，受寒则腹胀，吃冷食则泄泻，诊察形体消瘦而腹部膨大。首风的症状，头面多汗，恶风，在刮风前一天病情加重，头痛不能出门或进屋，到了刮风那天，病情稍好转。漏风的症状，或多汗，常不能穿单衣，进食则汗出，严重时全身出汗，喘息恶风，衣服常湿透，口干善渴，不能从事劳累工作。泄风的症状，多汗，汗水渗出浸湿衣服，口干善渴，不能从事劳累工作，全身疼痛且怕冷。
《内经》中的风邪，属于外感病。有内外、脏腑、虚实、寒热等不同，分别论述了瘫痪、痿弱、卒中神志不清、僵仆、口眼歪斜、挛缩、眩晕、言语涩滞、失语等文辞。后世开始将其与痿证混淆了。
《金匮要略》说：风之为病，应当表现为半身不遂，经络空虚，邪气不能排出，或左或右，邪气所在的一侧肌肉松弛，正气所在的一侧紧张，正气牵引邪气，导致口眼歪斜、肢体不能随意运动。邪气在于络脉，肌肤麻木不仁；在于经脉，则身体沉重难以抬举；邪气入腑，则不识人；入脏则难言，口吐涎沫。
《千金方》说：岐伯论治中风的大法有四条。一是偏枯，半身不遂。二是风痱，身体无痛，四肢不能收持。三是风懿，突然神志不清。四是风痹，各种痹证类似风病的症状。后世治疗中风的方剂，都遵循《金匮要略》、《诸病源候论》、《千金方》的理论。只是不应当以外中风邪立名，而与五脏内部的痿证混同治疗，这是千古以来的弊病。
Huangdi asked: When wind pathogen invades the human body, it may manifest as chills and fever (Hanre), or as heat in the middle jiao (Rezhong), or as cold in the middle jiao (Hanzhong), or develop into leprosy (Lifeng), or cause hemiplegia (Piangu), or be referred to as wind disease. These diseases vary in presentation and name; some penetrate deeply into the five zang organs and six fu organs. I do not understand the mechanism and wish to hear your explanation. Qibo replied: Wind pathogen lodges between the skin and muscles, unable to circulate inward nor diffuse outward. Wind is characterized by its mobility and rapid changes. When the interstices (Couli) are open, one feels chilly; when they are closed, one experiences fever and chest oppression. If it manifests as cold, appetite diminishes; if as heat, muscles emaciate. Thus, the person suffers from shivering and inability to eat, named Chills and Fever. If wind pathogen enters the stomach along the Yangming channel, ascending to the inner canthus, in a fat person, the wind cannot diffuse outward, leading to Heat in the Middle Jiao with yellow eyes; in a thin person, the wind diffuses outward easily causing cold, leading to Cold in the Middle Jiao with tearing. If wind pathogen enters together with the Taiyang channel, traveling through the Lung Shu points and dispersing between the muscle layers, it conflicts with Wei Qi (Defensive Qi). The pathway becomes obstructed, causing muscle swelling and sores. Since Wei Qi stagnates and fails to circulate, the flesh becomes insensible (Ren).
Leprosy (Lifeng) arises from heat accumulation in Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) and Wei Qi, resulting in turbid qi, causing collapse of the nasal bridge, sallow complexion, and ulceration of the skin. When cold-wind lingers in the vessels without departing, it is called Lifeng, sometimes also referred to as Chills and Fever. Wind injury on Jia-Yi days in spring affects the Liver, called Liver Wind; on Bing-Ding days in summer, the Heart, called Heart Wind; on Wu-Ji days in late summer, the Spleen, called Spleen Wind; on Geng-Xin days in autumn, the Lung, called Lung Wind; on Ren-Gui days in winter, the Kidney, called Kidney Wind. Wind invading the Shu points of the zang-fu organs is also called Zang-Fu Wind; entering their respective gates, it causes Pi Feng (Partial Wind). Wind ascending via the Fengfu point becomes Brain Wind. Wind entering the eye system becomes Eye Wind, accompanied by cold eyes. Wind after drinking alcohol becomes Leaking Wind. Wind during sweating from sexual intercourse becomes Internal Wind. Wind after washing hair becomes Head Wind. Chronic wind penetrating inward becomes Intestinal Wind with undigested stool diarrhea. Wind lingering at the surface interstices becomes Leakage Wind. Therefore, wind is the chief of all diseases; its transformations lead to other illnesses without fixed patterns, yet all wind diseases originate from wind.
Huangdi said: Why do the manifestations of wind affecting the five zang organs differ? I wish to know the diagnostic signs and pathological mechanisms. Qibo said: Lung Wind presents with profuse sweating, aversion to wind, pale complexion, frequent coughing and shortness of breath, improving during the day and worsening at night; diagnosis is at the brow area, showing white color. Heart Wind presents with profuse sweating, aversion to wind, dry tongue, irritability, red complexion; severe cases involve slurred speech; diagnosis is at the mouth, showing red color. Liver Wind presents with profuse sweating, aversion to wind, sadness, slightly blue-green complexion, dry throat, irritability, occasional aversion to women; diagnosis is under the eyes, showing green color. Spleen Wind presents with profuse sweating, aversion to wind, lethargy, reluctance to move limbs, pale yellow complexion, poor appetite; diagnosis is on the nose, showing yellow color. Kidney Wind presents with profuse sweating, aversion to wind, facial edema, back pain preventing upright standing, black complexion, difficulty in urination; diagnosis is on the skin, showing black color. Stomach Wind presents with neck sweating, aversion to wind, dysphagia, chest fullness and obstruction, abdominal distension worsened by cold exposure or cold food intake; diagnosis shows emaciated body with distended abdomen. Head Wind presents with head and face sweating, aversion to wind; symptoms worsen one day before windy weather, with headache preventing going out or in; symptoms improve slightly on windy days. Leaking Wind presents with profuse sweating, inability to wear single clothes, sweating upon eating, severe cases with whole-body sweating, panting, aversion to wind, wet clothes, dry mouth with thirst, inability to perform labor. Leakage Wind presents with profuse sweating soaking clothes, dry mouth with thirst, inability to perform labor, generalized body pain and chills.
The "Wind Pathogen" in *Neijing* refers to exogenous diseases. It varies by interior/exterior, zang-fu, deficiency/excess, and cold/heat, distinguishing conditions like paralysis, flaccidity, apoplexy with loss of consciousness, sudden falling, facial deviation, contracture, vertigo, dysarthria, and aphasia. Later generations confused it with Flaccidity Syndrome (Weizheng).
*Jingui Yaolue* states: Wind disease typically presents as hemiplegia. With empty meridians, evil pathogens remain unexpelled, affecting either left or right sides. Where the pathogen resides, the muscles relax; where healthy Qi remains, tension increases. Healthy Qi pulls toward the pathogen, causing facial deviation and immobility. If the pathogen is in the Luo vessels, there is cutaneous insensibility; in the Jing channels, heaviness and weakness; entering Fu organs, loss of consciousness; entering Zang organs, difficulty speaking and salivation.
*Qianjin Yaofang* states: Qibo’s four major methods for treating stroke include: 1. Piangu (hemiplegia); 2. Fengfei (body painless, limbs unreceptive); 3. Fengyi (sudden unconsciousness); 4. Fengbi (various Bi syndromes resembling wind). Later treatments for stroke followed *Jingui Yaolue*, *Chushi Bingyuan*, and *Qianjin*. However, naming it solely as external wind invasion and conflating treatment with internal Zang-flaccidity syndromes is an ancient error.