至真要大论篇 帝曰∶夫百病之生也，皆生于风寒暑湿燥火，以之化之变也。经言
盛者泻之，虚者补之。工巧神圣，可得闻乎？岐伯曰∶审察病机，无失气宜，此之谓也。曰∶愿
闻病机。曰∶诸风掉眩，皆属于肝。
诸寒收引，皆属于肾。诸气 郁，皆属于肺。诸湿肿满，皆属于脾。诸热瞀 ，皆属于火。诸痛
疮痒，皆属于心。诸厥固泄，皆属于下。诸痿喘呕，皆属于上。诸禁鼓栗，如丧神守，皆属于火。
诸痉项强，皆属于湿。诸逆冲上，皆属于火。诸腹胀大，皆属于热。诸躁狂越，皆属于火。诸暴
强直，皆属于风。诸病有声，鼓之如鼓，皆属于热。诸病 肿，疼酸惊骇，皆属于火。诸转反戾，
水液混浊，皆属于热。诸病水液，澄澈清冷，皆属于寒。诸呕吐酸，暴注下迫，皆属于热。
（此言百病皆生于五脏，五脏之病又不外乎风寒暑湿燥火之六淫，而诸病莫不兼之，病机大
要实病于此矣。）
故大要曰∶谨守病机，各司其属，有者求之，无者求之，盛者责之，虚者责之，必先五胜，
疏其血气，令其条达，而致和平，此之谓也。
（此总结上文之意，有无求之，求其五脏六淫之有无也；盛虚责之，责其五脏六淫之虚实也，
如虚则补之，实则泻之。五胜，五运之胜也。）
风论篇 帝曰∶风之伤人也，或为寒热，或为热中，或为寒中，或为厉风，或为偏枯，
或为风也，（或，当作均。）其病各异，其名不同，或内至五脏六腑，不知其解，愿闻其说。岐
伯对曰∶风气藏于皮肤之间，内不得通，外不得泄；风者善行而数变，腠理开则洒然寒，闭则热
而闷，其寒也则衰饮食，其热也则消肌肉，故使人 栗而不能食，名曰寒热。风气与阳明入胃，
循脉而上至目内 ，其人肥则风气不得外泄，则为热中而目黄；人瘦则外泄而寒，则为寒中而泣出。
风气与太阳俱入，行诸脉俞，散于分肉之间，与卫气相干，其道（气道也）不利，故使肌肉愤
而有疡，卫气有所凝而不行，故其肉有不仁也。
厉者，有荣卫热 ，其气不清，故使鼻柱坏而色败，皮肤疡溃，风寒客于脉而不去，名曰厉风。
（此风气入于经脉之中也，荣行脉中，故风入脉中与荣气合，则热而血腐坏也。其气不清，
言溃乱也。然而血脉溃乱，荣复挟风，阳脉上头，鼻为呼吸之所，故鼻柱坏而色为恶，皮肤破而溃烂。经曰∶
脉风盛为疠溃是也。）
以春甲乙伤于风者为肝风，以夏丙丁伤于风者为心风，以季夏戊己伤于邪者为脾风，以秋庚
辛中于邪者为肺风，以冬壬癸中于邪者为肾风。风中五脏六腑之俞，亦为脏腑之风，各入其门户，
所中则为偏风。风气循风府而上，则为脑风。风入系头，则为目风，眼寒。饮酒中风，则为漏风。
入房汗出中风，则为内风。新沐中风，则为首风。久风入中，则为肠风飧泄。外在腠理，则为泄
风。故风者百病之长也，至其变化，乃为他病也，无常方，然致（《甲乙经》作故字。）有风气
也。帝曰∶五脏风之形状不同者何？愿闻其诊及其病能。岐伯曰∶肺风之状，多汗恶风，色 然
白，时咳短气，昼日则瘥，暮则甚，诊在眉上，其色白。
（肺脏有风，则眉间 白色。 ，薄白，肺色薄白，时咳短气，昼则阳气在表故瘥，暮则阳
气入里，风内应之，故甚。）
心风之状，多汗恶风，焦绝，善怒吓，赤色，病甚则言不可快，诊在口，其色赤。
（焦绝，谓唇焦而文理断绝，风薄于心则神乱，故善怒而吓人也。舌为心之苗，故病甚则舌
强而言不快也。）
肝风之状，多汗恶风，色微苍，嗌干善怒，时憎女子，诊在目下，其色青。
（善怒时憎女子，皆木之性曲而又直故也。）
脾风之状，多汗恶风，身体怠惰，四肢不欲动，色薄微黄，不嗜食，诊在鼻上，其色黄。
（脾主四肢，故不欲动。鼻于中而主土，故脾候之而色黄也。）
肾风之状，多汗恶风，面庞然浮肿，脊痛不能正立，隐曲不利，诊在肌上，其色黑。
（庞然，言肿起也。肾脉起于足下，上股内后廉贯脊，故脊痛不能正立也。隐曲者，谓隐蔽
委曲之处，肾风薄精气内微，故隐曲之事不利为也。）
胃风之状，颈多汗恶风，饮食不下，鬲塞不通，腹善满，失衣则 胀，食寒则泄，诊形瘦而腹大。
（胃风失衣，则外寒而内热，故 胀。胃合脾而主肉，胃气不足则肉不长，故瘦也。）
首风之状，头面多汗恶风，当先风一日，则病甚，头痛不可以出内，至其风日，则病少愈。
漏风之状，或多汗，常不可单衣，食则汗出，甚则身汗，喘息恶风，衣常濡，口干善渴，不能劳事。
（因醉取风为漏风，其状口干善渴，近衣则身热如火，临食则汗流如雨，骨节懈怠，不欲自劳。）
泄风之状，多汗，汗出泄衣上，口中干，上渍，其风不能劳事，身体尽痛则寒。
（泄风汗多，则津液涸而亡阳，故口干而寒也，此为泄风。）
痹论篇 帝曰∶痹之安生？岐伯对曰∶风寒湿三气杂至合而为痹也。其风气胜者为行
痹，寒气胜者为痛痹，湿气胜者为着痹也。帝曰∶其有五者何也？岐伯曰∶以冬遇此者为骨痹，
以春遇此者为筋痹，以夏遇此者为脉痹，以至阴遇此者为肌痹，以秋遇此者为皮痹。帝曰∶内舍
五脏六腑，何气使然？岐伯曰∶五脏皆有合，病久而不去者，内舍于其合也。故骨痹不已，复感
于邪，内舍于肾；筋痹不已，复感于邪，内舍于肝；脉痹不已，复感于邪，内舍于心；肌痹不已，
复感于邪，内舍于脾；皮痹不已，复感于邪，内舍于肺。所谓痹者，各以其时重感于风寒湿之气
也。凡痹之客五脏者，肺痹者，烦满喘呕；心痹者，脉不通，烦则心下鼓，暴上气而喘，嗌干善
噫，厥气上则恐；肝痹者，夜卧则惊，多饮数小便，上为引如怀；（小便上引而痛，如怀孕之状。）
肾痹者，善胀，尻以代踵，脊以代头；脾痹者，四肢懈怠，发咳呕汁，上为大塞；肠痹者，数饮
而出不得，中气喘争，时发飧泄；胞痹者，少腹膀胱按之内痛，若沃以汤，涩于小便，上为清涕。
（以上十二痹证，皆风寒湿外邪所伤而致之也。邪舍于其脏腑，则其脏腑之证见焉，治者审之。）
淫气喘息，痹聚在肺；淫气忧思，痹聚在心；淫气遗溺，痹聚在肾；淫气乏竭，痹聚在肝；
淫气肌绝，痹聚在脾。诸痹不已，亦益内也。
（此属内伤外邪合而为痹是也。）
其风胜者，其人易已也。帝曰∶痹其时有死者，或痛久者，或易已者，其故何也？岐伯曰∶其入脏者死，
其留连于筋骨间者疼久，其留皮肤间者易已。曰∶其客于六腑何也？曰∶此亦其饮食居处，为其病本也。
四方土地高下温凉不同，物性刚柔飧居亦异。经曰∶水谷之寒热，感则害六腑是也。
六腑亦各有俞，风寒湿气中其俞，而食饮应之，循俞而入，各舍其腑也。曰∶以针治之奈何？
曰∶五脏有俞，六腑有合，循脉之分，各有所发，各随（一作治）其过，则病瘳也。曰∶荣卫之气亦
令人痹乎？曰∶荣者，水谷之精气也，调和于五脏，洒陈于六腑，乃能入于脉也。故循脉上下，
贯五脏，络六腑也。卫者，水谷之悍气也，其气 疾滑利，不能入于脉也，故循皮肤之中，分肉
之间，熏于肓膜，散于胸腹，逆其气则病，从其气则愈，不与风寒湿气合，故不为痹。帝曰∶善。
（此言水谷之精，冲盛荣卫，邪气自不能入而为害，何痹之有？）
帝曰∶痹或痛，或不痛，或不仁，或寒，或热，或燥，或湿，其故何也？岐伯曰∶痛者，寒
气多也，有寒故痛也。其不痛不仁者，病久入深，荣卫之行涩，经络时疏，故不痛，皮肤不荣，
故为不仁。其寒者，阳气少，阴气多，与病相益，故寒也。其热者，阳气多，阴气少，病气胜，
阳遭阴，故为痹热。其多汗而濡者，此其逢湿甚也，阳气少，阴气盛，两气相感，故汗出而濡也。
曰∶夫痹之为病，不痛何也？岐伯曰∶痹在于骨则重，在于脉则血凝而不流，在于筋则屈不伸，
在于肉则不仁，在于皮则寒。故具此五者，则不痛也。凡痹之类，逢寒则虫，（当作急。）逢热
则纵。帝曰∶善。
痿论篇 帝曰∶五脏使人痿何也？岐伯曰∶肺主身之皮毛，心主身之血脉，肝主身之
筋膜，脾主身之肌肉，肾主身之骨髓。故肺热叶焦，则皮毛虚弱急薄，着则生痿 也；心气热，
则下脉厥而上，上则下脉虚，虚则生脉痿，枢折挈，胫纵而不任地也；肝气热，则胆泄口苦，筋
膜干，则筋急而挛，发为筋痿；脾气热，则胃
干而渴，肌肉不仁，发为肉痿；肾气热，则腰脊不举，骨枯而髓减，发为骨痿。帝曰∶何以得之？
岐伯曰∶肺者，藏之长也，为心之盖也，有所失亡，所求不得，则发肺鸣，鸣则肺热叶焦，故曰∶
五脏因肺热叶焦，发为痿 。此之谓也。
（五脏之痿，皆固肺热而致之，然本脏各有相火而生痿也。）
悲哀太甚，则胞络绝，胞络绝则阳气内动，发则心下崩数溲血也。故本病曰∶大经空虚，发
为肌痹，传为脉痿。思想无穷，所愿不得，意淫于外，入房太甚，宗筋弛纵，发为筋痿，及为白
淫。故《下经》曰∶筋痿者，生于肝使内也。（使内谓劳役筋力，费竭精气。）有渐于湿，以水
为事，若有所留，居处相湿，肌肉濡溃，痹而不仁，发为肉痿。故《下经》曰∶肉痿者，得之湿
地也。有所远行劳倦，逢大热而渴，渴则阳气内伐，内伐则热舍于肾，肾者水藏也，今水不胜火，
则骨枯而髓虚，故足不任身，发为骨痿。故《下经》曰∶骨痿者，生于大热也。（《下经》，古
经也。）帝曰∶何以别之？岐伯曰∶肺热者色白而毛败，心热者色赤而络脉溢，肝热者色苍而爪
枯，脾热者色黄而肉蠕动，肾热者色黑而齿槁。帝曰∶如夫子言可矣，论言治痿者独取阳明，何
也？岐伯曰∶阳明者，五脏六腑之海，主润宗筋，宗筋主束骨而利机关也。冲脉者，经脉之海也，
主渗灌溪谷，与阳明合于宗筋，阴阳总宗筋之会，会于气街，而阳明为之长，皆属于带脉，而络
于督脉。故阳明虚则宗筋纵，带脉不引，故足痿不用也。帝曰∶治之奈何？岐伯曰∶各补其荣而
通其俞，调其虚实，和其逆顺，筋脉骨肉各以其时受月，则病已矣。
（时受月，谓受气之时月，如肝王甲乙，心王丙丁之类是也。）
厥论篇 帝曰∶厥之寒热者何也？岐伯曰∶阳气衰于下，则为寒厥；阴气衰于下，则
为热厥。（阳谓足之三阳脉也；阴谓足之三阴脉也。）帝曰∶热厥之为热也，必起于足下者何也？
岐伯曰∶阳气起于足五指之表，阴脉者集于足下而聚于足心，故阳气胜则足下热也。曰∶寒厥之
为寒也，必从五指而上于膝者何也？曰∶阴气起于五指之里，
集于膝下而聚于膝上，故阴气胜则从五指至膝上寒，其寒也，不从外，皆从内也。曰∶寒厥何失
而然也？曰∶前阴者，宗筋之所聚，太阴阳明之所合也。春夏则阳气多而阴气少，秋冬则阴气盛
而阳气衰。此人者质壮，以秋冬夺于所用，下气上争不能复，精气溢下，邪气因从之而上也。气
因于中，阳气衰，不能渗营其经络，阳气日损，阴气独在，故手足为之寒也。帝曰∶热厥何为而
然也？岐伯曰∶酒入于胃，则络脉满而经脉虚；脾主为胃行其津液者也，阴气虚则阳气入，阳气
入则胃不和，胃不和则精气竭，精气竭则不营其四肢也。此人必数醉若饱以入房，气聚于脾中不
得散，酒气与谷气相搏，热盛于中，故热遍于身，内热而溺赤也。夫酒气盛而 悍，肾气日衰，
阳气独胜，故手足为之热也。
（此言寒热二厥，皆损其阳气，竭其精气之所致也。四肢无气以营乏，则为厥逆。寒热虽异，虚损则同。）
帝曰∶厥或令人腹满，或令人暴不知人，或至半日远至一日乃知人者，何也？岐伯曰∶阴气
盛于上则下虚，下虚则腹胀满，阳气盛于上则下气重上而邪气逆，逆则阳气乱，阳气乱则不知人
也。帝曰∶善。愿闻六经脉之厥状病能也。曰∶巨阳之厥，则肿首头重，足不能行，发为 （音县）
仆。阳明之厥，则颠疾欲走呼，腹满不得卧，面赤而热，妄见而妄言。少阳之厥，则暴聋颊肿而
热，胁痛， 不可以运。太阴之厥，则腹满 胀，后不利，不欲食，食则呕，不得卧。少阴之厥，
则口干溺赤，腹满心痛。厥阴之厥，则少腹肿痛，腹胀泾溺不利，好卧屈膝，阴缩肿， 内热。
盛则泻之，虚则补之，不盛不虚，以经取之。
此六经之说厥状，皆有盛衰虚实，实则泻之，虚则补之，不盛不虚，只以本经留呼多少而取之。
太阴厥逆， 急挛，心痛引腹，治主病者。（经脉行有左右，候其有过者取之，故云治主病
者。）少阴厥逆，虚满呕变，下泄清，治主病者。厥阴厥逆，挛腰痛，虚满前闭，谵语，治主病
者。三阴俱逆，不得前后，使人手足寒，三日死。太阳厥逆，僵仆呕血善衄，治主病者。少阳厥
逆，机关不利者，腰不可以行，项不可以顾，发肠痈不可治，惊
《至真要大论篇》黄帝问道：各种疾病的发生，都是由于风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火六气的影响，由它们的正常气化或异常变化所致。医经上说：“邪气盛的用泻法，正气虚的用补法。”请问这种高明的医术，可以讲给我听听吗？岐伯回答说：仔细审查病机，不违背气候的适宜规律，说的就是这个道理。黄帝说：我想听听关于病机的内容。岐伯说：凡是风邪引起的肢体震颤、头晕目眩，都归属于肝脏；凡是寒邪引起的筋脉收缩牵引，都归属于肾脏；凡是气机郁滞不畅，都归属于肺脏；凡是湿邪引起的水肿、胀满，都归属于脾脏；凡是热邪引起的视物模糊、神志昏乱，都归属于火邪；凡是疼痛、疮疡、瘙痒，都归属于心脏；凡是厥逆、二便闭塞或泄泻，都归属于下焦；凡是痿证、气喘、呕吐，都归属于上焦；凡是口噤不开、鼓颔战栗，如同失去神志控制一样，都归属于火邪；凡是痉挛、项背强直，都归属于湿邪；凡是气逆冲上的症状，都归属于火邪；凡是腹部胀大，都归属于热邪；凡是烦躁狂乱、行为越常，都归属于火邪；凡是突然发生的身体强直，都归属于风邪；凡是体内有声响，叩击腹部如鼓声，都归属于热邪；凡是肿胀、疼痛酸楚、惊恐骇异，都归属于火邪；凡是身体扭转反折、角弓反张，小便混浊，都归属于热邪；凡是排泄的水液，清澈透明且寒冷，都归属于寒邪；凡是呕吐酸水、突然剧烈腹泻且有里急后重感，都归属于热邪。（这段话说明百病皆生于五脏，而五脏的疾病又不外乎风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火这六种淫邪，各种病症无不兼涉其中，病机的大要实在这里了。）
所以医经大要说：谨慎地坚守病机，分别掌握其所属的脏腑，有的症状要探究其原因，没有的症状也要探究其根源，邪气盛的要责求其实，正气虚的要责求其虚，必须首先明了五运之气的胜复关系，疏通气血，使其条达通畅，从而达到阴阳平和的状态，说的就是这个道理。
（这是对上文意思的总结，“有无求之”，是探究五脏和六淫邪气的有无；“盛虚责之”，是责求五脏和六淫邪气的虚实情况，比如虚证就用补法，实证就用泻法。“五胜”指的是五运之气的偏胜。）
《风论篇》黄帝问道：风邪伤人，有时导致寒热症，有时导致热中证，有时导致寒中证，有时导致厉风，有时导致偏枯，有时导致风病，（这里的“或”字，应当解释为“均”，即平均、普遍的意思。）这些病症各不相同，名称也不同，有的甚至深入五脏六腑，我不明白其中的道理，希望能听听您的解说。岐伯回答说：风邪潜伏在皮肤之间，向内不能通达，向外不能发泄；风邪善于行走且变化多端，腠理开泄时就会感到洒淅恶寒，腠理闭合时就会发热且胸闷，如果表现为寒象，就会使饮食减少；如果表现为热象，就会消耗肌肉，因此使人战栗而不能进食，名叫寒热症。风邪随阳明胃经进入胃中，沿着经脉上行至目内眦，如果这个人形体肥胖，风邪就不能向外发泄，就会形成热中证并出现目黄；如果这个人形体消瘦，风邪就能向外发泄而感到寒冷，就会形成寒中证并流泪。风邪随太阳膀胱经一起进入人体，运行于各经脉的腧穴，散布在分肉之间，与卫气相互干扰，导致气道不利，因此使肌肉肿胀生疮疡，卫气凝滞不行，所以肌肉会出现麻木不仁的现象。
所谓厉风，是因为营卫之气受热熏蒸，热气不清，所以导致鼻梁塌陷、面色败坏、皮肤溃疡腐烂。风寒之邪客居在经脉中而不离去，就叫做厉风。
（这是说风邪进入了经脉之中，营气行于脉中，所以风邪入脉与营气相合，则产生热邪使血液腐坏。所谓“气不清”，是指溃乱。然而血脉溃乱，营气又挟带风邪，阳脉上行头部，鼻子是呼吸的通道，所以鼻梁塌陷而面色恶劣，皮肤破损溃烂。医经说：脉中风邪盛则为疠疮溃烂，正是这个意思。）
在春季甲乙日伤于风邪的，称为肝风；在夏季丙丁日伤于风邪的，称为心风；在长夏戊己日伤于邪气的，称为脾风；在秋季庚辛日伤于邪气的，称为肺风；在冬季壬癸日伤于邪气的，称为肾风。风邪侵入五脏六腑的腧穴，也会成为脏腑之风，风邪各自进入其门户，所中的部位不同就成为偏风。风邪顺着风府穴上行，就成为脑风。风邪侵入头部系连眼球的部分，就成为目风，伴有眼寒。饮酒后受风，就成为漏风。房事后出汗受风，就成为内风。刚洗过头受风，就成为首风。久风入里，就成为肠风飧泄。风邪停留在体表腠理，就成为泄风。所以说风是百病的先导，等到它发生变化，就成了其他疾病，没有固定的形式，但都是由风邪引起的。黄帝问道：五脏受风的形状有什么不同呢？希望能听听它的诊断方法和病症表现。岐伯回答说：肺风的症状，是多汗、怕风，面色苍白，时常咳嗽、气短，白天病情减轻，傍晚加重，诊察时在眉上方，颜色发白。
（肺脏有风邪，则眉间呈现白色。色薄白，是肺的本色薄白。时常咳嗽气短，白天阳气在表，所以病情减轻；傍晚阳气入里，风邪在内与之相应，所以病情加重。）
心风的症状，是多汗、怕风，嘴唇干枯焦裂，容易发怒惊吓，面色发红，病情严重时说话不流利，诊察时在口部，颜色发红。
（唇焦而纹理断绝，叫作焦绝。风邪侵袭心脏则神志混乱，所以容易发怒吓唬人。舌是心的苗窍，所以病重时舌头僵硬而说话不流利。）
肝风的症状，是多汗、怕风，面色微青，咽喉干燥，容易发怒，有时厌恶女性，诊察时在眼下，颜色发青。
（容易发怒、有时厌恶女性，这都是木性弯曲而又伸直的特性所致。）
脾风的症状，是多汗、怕风，身体倦怠懒惰，四肢不想活动，面色淡黄，食欲不振，诊察时在鼻准头，颜色发黄。
（脾主四肢，所以不想活动。鼻子位于面部中央且属土，所以脾的征候反映在鼻子上且颜色发黄。）
肾风的症状，是多汗、怕风，面部浮肿，脊痛不能直立，大小便不利，诊察时在肌肉部位，颜色发黑。
（庞然，是说肿起的样子。肾脉起于足底，向上沿大腿内侧后缘贯穿脊柱，所以脊痛不能直立。隐曲，是指隐蔽委曲之处，肾风侵袭精气内虚，所以隐蔽委曲之事（指性生活）不利。）
胃风的症状，颈部多汗、怕风，饮食难以下咽，胸膈阻塞不通，腹部经常胀满，穿衣少则腹胀，吃冷食则泄泻，诊察时形体消瘦而腹部膨大。
（胃风若穿衣少，则外寒内热，所以腹胀。胃与脾相合且主肌肉，胃气不足则肌肉不长，所以消瘦。）
首风的症状，头面多汗、怕风，在刮风的前一天，病情加重，头痛得不敢出门进屋，到了刮风那天，病情稍微好转。
漏风的症状，或者是多汗，常常不能穿单衣，吃饭时出汗，严重时全身出汗，喘息、怕风，衣服常常湿透，口干喜欢喝水，不能从事劳累的工作。
（因为醉酒受风而得漏风，其症状是口干喜欢喝水，靠近衣物则身热如火，临近吃饭则汗流如雨，骨节懈怠，不想自我劳作。）
泄风的症状，多汗，汗水流出浸湿衣服，口中干燥，上部皮肤湿润，风邪不能使人劳作，身体全部疼痛且发冷。
（泄风汗多，则津液枯竭而亡失阳气，所以口干且发冷，这就是泄风。）
《痹论篇》黄帝问道：痹症是怎么产生的？岐伯回答说：风、寒、湿三种邪气混杂在一起，共同作用而形成痹症。风邪偏胜的叫行痹，寒邪偏胜的叫痛痹，湿邪偏胜的叫着痹。黄帝问道：为什么又有五种分类呢？岐伯说：在冬季遇到这些邪气的叫骨痹，在春季遇到的叫筋痹，在夏季遇到的叫脉痹，在长夏遇到的叫肌痹，在秋季遇到的叫皮痹。黄帝问道：邪气内传五脏六腑，是什么气使之然呢？岐伯说：五脏都有与其相合的组织，病久不愈，邪气就会内传于相合的脏器。所以骨痹不愈，再次感受邪气，就内传于肾；筋痹不愈，再次感受邪气，就内传于肝；脉痹不愈，再次感受邪气，就内传于心；肌痹不愈，再次感受邪气，就内传于脾；皮痹不愈，再次感受邪气，就内传于肺。所谓的痹症，就是各个脏器在其对应的季节再次感受风寒湿邪气所致。大凡痹邪客居于五脏的情况是：肺痹，表现为烦闷、气喘、呕吐；心痹，表现为脉道不通，心烦则心跳如鼓，突然气逆而上喘促，咽喉干燥，喜欢打嗝，逆气上冲则恐惧；肝痹，夜间睡眠则惊悸，多饮且小便频数，气逆上冲感觉像怀孕一样；（小便上引而痛，像怀孕的状态。）肾痹，容易腹胀，臀部代替脚跟站立，脊柱弯曲代替头部直立；脾痹，四肢倦怠，发作咳嗽并呕出涎汁，上部严重堵塞；肠痹，多次饮水却排尿困难，腹中肠鸣气争，时常发生完谷不化的泄泻；胞痹，小腹部膀胱处按压内部疼痛，像被热水浇灌一样，小便涩滞，上部流清涕。
（以上十二种痹证，都是风寒湿外邪伤害所致。邪气留舍于脏腑，就会出现该脏腑的症状，治疗者要仔细审察。）
邪气侵扰导致喘息，痹邪聚积在肺；邪气侵扰导致忧愁思虑，痹邪聚积在心；邪气侵扰导致遗尿，痹邪聚积在肾；邪气侵扰导致乏力衰竭，痹邪聚积在肝；邪气侵扰导致肌肉萎缩，痹邪聚积在脾。各种痹症不愈，也会逐渐向内传入。
（这属于内伤与外邪结合而形成痹症。）
其中风邪偏胜的，病人容易痊愈。黄帝问道：痹症有时会导致死亡，有时疼痛持久，有时容易痊愈，这是什么原因呢？岐伯说：邪气传入内脏的会死亡，邪气留恋在筋骨之间的疼痛持久，邪气停留在皮肤间的容易痊愈。黄帝问道：邪气客居六腑是怎么回事呢？岐伯说：这也是以饮食起居作为发病的根本。四方土地高低、温凉不同，物性刚柔、饮食居住也有差异。医经说：水谷的寒热属性，感受后就会伤害六腑，正是这个意思。
六腑也各有腧穴，风寒湿邪气中于其腧穴，而饮食与之相应，邪气循着腧穴进入，各自留舍于相应的腑中。黄帝问道：用针刺治疗怎么样？岐伯说：五脏有输穴，六腑有合穴，沿着经脉的分布，各有所发的部位，根据各自的病变部位进行治疗，病就能痊愈。黄帝问道：营气和卫气也能让人得痹症吗？岐伯说：营气，是水谷的精微之气，调和于五脏，布散于六腑，然后才能进入脉中。所以它循着经脉上下运行，贯穿五脏，联络六腑。卫气，是水谷的剽悍之气，其气运行急速滑利，不能进入脉中，所以它循行于皮肤之中、分肉之间，熏蒸于肓膜，散布于胸腹，如果逆乱就会生病，顺从就会痊愈，如果不与风寒湿邪气结合，就不会形成痹症。黄帝说：好。
（这说明水谷的精微充盛，营卫之气强盛，邪气自然不能进入为害，哪里会有痹症呢？）
黄帝问道：痹症有的疼痛，有的不痛，有的麻木，有的发冷，有的发热，有的干燥，有的潮湿，这是什么原因呢？岐伯说：疼痛的，是因为寒气多，有寒所以疼痛。不痛且麻木的，是因为病久深入，营卫运行涩滞，经络时常空虚，所以不痛，皮肤得不到滋养，所以麻木。发冷的，是因为阳气少，阴气多，与病邪相叠加，所以发冷。发热的，是因为阳气多，阴气少，病气胜，阳气遭受阴气的遏制，所以形成痹热。多汗且湿润的，是因为逢受了严重的湿邪，阳气少，阴气盛，两气相互感应，所以汗出且湿润。黄帝问道：既然痹症这样，为什么不痛呢？岐伯说：痹邪在骨则身体沉重，在脉则血液凝滞不流，在筋则屈伸不利，在肉则麻木不仁，在皮则发冷。所以具备这五种情况，就不痛了。大凡痹症之类，逢遇寒邪则筋脉拘急，（原文“虫”字，当作“急”。）逢遇热邪则筋脉弛纵。黄帝说：好。
《痿论篇》黄帝问道：五脏为什么会使人产生痿证呢？岐伯说：肺主管身体的皮毛，心主管身体的血脉，肝主管身体的筋膜，脾主管身体的肌肉，肾主管身体的骨髓。所以肺热叶焦，则皮毛虚弱紧缩变薄，附着不去则产生痿躄；心气热，则下部血脉厥逆而上行，上行则下部血脉空虚，空虚则产生脉痿，关节枢纽折断提不起，小腿纵缓不能站立；肝气热，则胆汁外泄口苦，筋膜干燥，则筋脉拘急挛缩，发为筋痿；脾气热，则胃干口渴，肌肉麻木，发为肉痿；肾气热，则腰脊不能举动，骨骼枯萎而髓液减少，发为骨痿。黄帝问道：是怎么得到的呢？岐伯说：肺是五脏之长，为心的华盖，如果有丧失、追求不得等情况，就会引发肺鸣，鸣响则肺热叶焦，所以说：五脏因肺热叶焦，发为痿躄。说的就是这个道理。
悲哀太甚，则胞络隔绝，胞络隔绝则阳气内动，发作时心下出血，频繁尿血。所以本病说：大经脉空虚，发为肌痹，传变为脉痿。思虑无穷，愿望不得满足，意念淫乱于外，房事过度，宗筋弛纵，发为筋痿，以及白淫。所以《下经》说：筋痿，是由于肝劳役所致。（“使内”指劳役筋力，耗费竭尽精气。）逐渐沾染湿气，以涉水为业，或者有所停留，居住潮湿，肌肉濡渍溃烂，麻痹不仁，发为肉痿。所以《下经》说：肉痿，是由于居住在湿地所致。远行劳倦，逢大热而渴，渴则阳气内伐，内伐则热邪留舍于肾，肾是水脏，现在水不胜火，则骨骼枯萎而髓虚，所以脚不能支撑身体，发为骨痿。所以《下经》说：骨痿，是由于大热所致。（《下经》是古医经。）黄帝问道：如何区别它们呢？岐伯说：肺热者面色白而毛发败落，心热者面色赤而络脉充盈溢出，肝热者面色苍而爪甲枯槁，脾热者面色黄而肌肉蠕动，肾热者面色黑而牙齿枯槁。黄帝问道：像先生所说的那样就可以了，医经说治疗痿证独取阳明，为什么呢？岐伯说：阳明经是五脏六腑的海，主要滋润宗筋，宗筋主要约束骨骼而利于关节运动。冲脉是经脉的海，主要渗灌溪谷，与阳明经会合于宗筋，阴阳总汇于宗筋，会合于气街穴，而阳明经为之主导，都隶属于带脉，而联络于督脉。所以阳明虚则宗筋弛纵，带脉不能牵引，所以足痿不能使用。黄帝问道：怎么治疗呢？岐伯说：分别补益其荣穴而通调其俞穴，调节其虚实，调和其逆顺，筋脉骨肉各自在其当令的月份接受治疗，病就能好了。
（“时受月”，指受气的时候月，比如肝旺于甲乙日，心旺于丙丁日之类。）
《厥论篇》黄帝问道：厥证的寒热是怎么回事？岐伯说：阳气衰于下部，就形成寒厥；阴气衰于下部，就形成热厥。（阳指足部的三条阳经；阴指足部的三条阴经。）黄帝问道：热厥的热象，为什么一定从脚下开始呢？岐伯说：阳气起于足五指的外侧，阴脉汇聚于足下而聚集于足心，所以阳气胜则足下热。黄帝问道：寒厥的寒象，为什么一定从五指向上发展到膝盖呢？岐伯说：阴气起于足五指的里面，汇聚于膝下而聚集于膝上，所以阴气胜则从五指到膝上寒冷，这种寒冷，不是从外部感受的，都是从内部产生的。黄帝问道：寒厥是怎么失误而这样的呢？岐伯说：前阴，是宗筋汇聚的地方，是太阴和阳明经会合的地方。春夏则阳气多而阴气少，秋冬则阴气盛而阳气衰。这种人体质壮实，在秋冬季节过度使用精气，下部之气向上争夺不能恢复，精气溢泄于下，邪气便随之而上。气结于中，阳气衰，不能渗透营养其经络，阳气日渐损耗，阴气独存，所以手足发冷。黄帝问道：热厥是怎么形成的呢？岐伯说：酒进入胃中，则络脉满而经脉虚；脾主为胃传输津液，阴气虚则阳气入，阳气入则胃不和，胃不和则精气竭，精气竭则不能营养四肢。这种人必定是经常醉酒或饱食后行房事，气聚于脾中不得散发，酒气与谷气相搏，热盛于中，所以热遍于身，内热且小便赤。酒气盛大而剽悍，肾气日渐衰弱，阳气独胜，所以手足发热。
（这说明寒热两种厥证，都是损伤阳气、竭尽精气所致。四肢无气以营养匮乏，就形成厥逆。寒热虽然不同，但虚损是一样的。）
黄帝问道：厥证有的使人腹部胀满，有的使人突然昏迷不省人事，有的半天到一天才醒过来，这是什么原因呢？岐伯说：阴气盛于上部则下部虚，下部虚则腹部胀满；阳气盛于上部则下部之气重复上逆而邪气逆乱，逆乱则阳气紊乱，阳气紊乱则人不省人事。黄帝说：好。希望能听听六经脉厥证的形状和病症表现。巨阳经的厥证，则头部肿胀头重，脚不能行走，发生仆倒。阳明经的厥证，则癫疾想奔跑呼喊，腹部胀满不能卧睡，面红发热，胡言乱语。少阳经的厥证，则突然耳聋、颊部肿胀发热，胁痛，眼睛不能转动。太阴经的厥证，则腹部胀满、大便不通，不想吃东西，吃了就呕吐，不能卧睡。少阴经的厥证，则口干、小便赤，腹部胀满、心痛。厥阴经的厥证，则小腹部肿痛，腹部胀满、小便不利，喜欢躺卧屈膝，生殖器收缩肿胀，阴股内侧发热。
邪气盛的就用泻法，正气虚的就用补法，不虚不实，就取本经穴位治疗。
这六经所说的厥证症状，都有盛衰虚实，实证用泻法，虚证用补法，不虚不实，只根据本经留针时间的多少来取穴。
太阴经厥逆，筋脉拘急挛缩，心痛牵引腹部，治疗主要病变的经脉。（经脉运行有左右之分，观察哪边有过错就取哪边的穴位，所以说治疗主要病变的经脉。）少阴经厥逆，虚满呕吐变色，下利清谷，治疗主要病变的经脉。厥阴经厥逆，拘挛腰痛，虚满前阴闭塞，谵语，治疗主要病变的经脉。三阴经同时厥逆，大小便不通，使人手足寒冷，三天死亡。太阳经厥逆，僵仆、吐血、容易鼻衄，治疗主要病变的经脉。少阳经厥逆，关节不利，腰不能行走，颈不能回顾，发生肠痈不可治，惊恐
Chapter Zhi Zhen Yao Da Lun (The Most Essential and Important Treatise)
The Yellow Emperor asked: The origin of all diseases lies in wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness, and fire, arising from their normal transformations or pathological variations. The classics state: "For excess conditions, use draining methods; for deficiency conditions, use tonifying methods." May I ask about this skillful and divine medical art? Qibo replied: Carefully examine the pathogenesis without neglecting the appropriateness of Qi according to climatic conditions; this is what is meant. The Yellow Emperor said: I wish to hear about the pathogenesis. Qibo said: All cases of wind-induced tremors and dizziness belong to the Liver. All cases of cold-induced contraction and pulling belong to the Kidney. All cases of Qi stagnation and depression belong to the Lung. All cases of dampness-induced edema and fullness belong to the Spleen. All cases of heat-induced visual obscuration and mental confusion belong to Fire. All cases of pain, sores, and itching belong to the Heart. All cases of Jue (reversal) and constipation or diarrhea belong to the Lower Jiao. All cases of Wei (withering) syndrome, asthma, and vomiting belong to the Upper Jiao. All cases of locked jaw, shivering, and loss of spiritual control belong to Fire. All cases of spasms and neck stiffness belong to Dampness. All cases of rebellious Qi rushing upward belong to Fire. All cases of abdominal distension and enlargement belong to Heat. All cases of restlessness, mania, and unruly behavior belong to Fire. All cases of sudden stiffness and rigidity belong to Wind. All cases of internal sounds, with drum-like percussion, belong to Heat. All cases of swelling, painful soreness, and fright belong to Fire. All cases of twisting, opisthotonos, and turbid urine belong to Heat. All cases of clear and cold excretions belong to Cold. All cases of vomiting acid water, sudden violent diarrhea with tenesmus belong to Heat. (This passage states that all diseases arise from the Five Zang organs, and diseases of the Five Zang organs are not outside the scope of the six excess pathogens: wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness, and fire. Various diseases encompass all these factors, and the general principles of pathogenesis are contained herein.)
Therefore, the essential principle states: Be cautious in adhering to the pathogenesis, and assign each condition to its respective category. Investigate what exists and what does not; address excess by draining and deficiency by tonifying. First, understand the dominance of the Five Movements (Wu Yun), unblock the Blood and Qi, ensure their smooth flow, and achieve harmony. This is what is meant.
(This summarizes the previous text: "Investigating existence and non-existence" refers to investigating the presence of the Five Zang organs and the six excess pathogens; "Addressing excess and deficiency" refers to addressing the excess or deficiency of the Five Zang organs and the six excess pathogens, such as tonifying deficiency and draining excess. "Five Movements' dominance" refers to the dominance of the Five Movements.)
Chapter Feng Lun (Treatise on Wind)
The Yellow Emperor asked: When Wind pathogen attacks humans, it may cause cold-heat syndrome, heat-center syndrome, cold-center syndrome, li-feng (leprosy/severe wind), pian-ku (hemiplegia), or other wind diseases. (The character "huo" here should be interpreted as "jun," meaning uniformly or generally.) The diseases vary, and their names differ; some penetrate internally to the Five Zang and Six Fu organs. I do not understand this; I wish to hear your explanation. Qibo responded: Wind pathogen hides between the skin and hair follicles; it cannot communicate internally nor be excreted externally. Wind is agile and changes frequently. When the pores open, one feels chilly and cold; when they close, one feels hot and stifled. If it manifests as cold, it diminishes appetite; if as heat, it consumes muscle tissue. Thus, it causes shivering and inability to eat, named Han Re (Cold-Heat) syndrome. If Wind enters the Stomach via the Yangming channel, traveling up to the inner canthus: if the person is fat, Wind cannot be excreted externally, leading to Re Zhong (Heat-Center) syndrome with yellow eyes; if thin, Wind is excreted externally causing cold, leading to Han Zhong (Cold-Center) syndrome with tearing. If Wind enters with the Taiyang channel, moving through various acupoints and dispersing between the muscle intervals, interfering with Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), obstructing the pathway, it causes muscle swelling and ulcers. Since Wei Qi coagulates and fails to circulate, the flesh becomes insensate.
Li-feng occurs when Ying and Wei Qi are heated, causing turbid Qi, resulting in a collapsed nasal bridge, discolored complexion, and ulcerated skin. When Wind-Cold lodges in the meridians and does not depart, it is called Li-feng.
(This indicates Wind entering the meridians. Ying flows within the vessels; thus, Wind entering the vessels combines with Ying Qi, generating heat and rotting blood. "Turbid Qi" implies disorder. However, with vessel and blood disorder, Ying carries Wind. Yang meridians ascend to the head; the nose is the passage for respiration, hence the nasal collapse and foul complexion, and skin ulceration. The classic says: "Excess Wind in vessels leads to leprosy and ulceration.")
Wind injury on Jia-Yi days in Spring affects the Liver, called Liver Wind. On Bing-Ding days in Summer, it affects the Heart, called Heart Wind. On Wu-Ji days in Late Summer, it affects the Spleen, called Spleen Wind. On Geng-Xin days in Autumn, it affects the Lung, called Lung Wind. On Ren-Gui days in Winter, it affects the Kidney, called Kidney Wind. Wind entering the Shu points of the Five Zang and Six Fu organs also creates Zang-Fu Wind. Entering through various portals, it becomes Pian Feng (Partial Wind). Wind ascending via Fengfu (GV16) becomes Nao Feng (Brain Wind). Wind entering the head connections becomes Mu Feng (Eye Wind) with cold eyes. Wind after drinking alcohol becomes Lou Feng (Leaking Wind). Wind during post-coital sweating becomes Nei Feng (Internal Wind). Wind after washing hair becomes Shou Feng (Head Wind). Long-term Wind entering inward becomes Chang Feng (Intestinal Wind) with undigested stool diarrhea. Wind remaining at the exterior becomes Xie Feng (Escaping Wind). Therefore, Wind is the chief of all diseases. Its transformations lead to other diseases without fixed forms, yet always originating from Wind.
The Yellow Emperor asked: How do the manifestations of Wind in the Five Zang organs differ? I wish to hear about diagnosis and pathology. Qibo said: Lung Wind presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, pale complexion, intermittent cough, and shortness of breath. Symptoms improve during the day and worsen at night. Diagnosis is observed above the eyebrows, showing white color.
(Lung Wind causes whiteness in the glabella area. Pale white is the thin color of the Lung. Intermittent cough and shortness of breath occur because Yang Qi is at the exterior during the day, improving symptoms; at night, Yang Qi enters the interior, resonating with Wind, worsening symptoms.)
Heart Wind presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, dried lips, irritability, red complexion. Severe cases involve slurred speech. Diagnosis is at the mouth, showing red color.
(Dried lips indicate severance of texture. Wind affecting the Heart disturbs Shen, causing irritability. The tongue is the sprout of the Heart; severe cases cause tongue stiffness and slurred speech.)
Liver Wind presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, slightly blue complexion, dry throat, irritability, and occasional aversion to women. Diagnosis is below the eyes, showing green color.
(Irritability and aversion to women reflect the nature of Wood, which bends and straightens.)
Spleen Wind presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, lethargy, desire to move limbs less, pale yellow complexion, and poor appetite. Diagnosis is on the nose tip, showing yellow color.
(The Spleen governs the limbs, hence the lack of desire to move. The nose is central and governs Earth, reflecting Spleen status with yellow color.)
Kidney Wind presents with excessive sweating, aversion to wind, facial edema, back pain preventing upright standing, and difficulty with urination/defecation. Diagnosis is on the muscles, showing black color.
("Pang ran" means swelling. The Kidney meridian starts at the sole, ascends along the inner thigh posteriorly through the spine, causing back pain. "Yin qu" refers to private areas; Kidney Wind depletes essence, causing dysfunction in private matters.)
Stomach Wind presents with neck sweating, aversion to wind, dysphagia, chest obstruction, frequent abdominal fullness, bloating when underdressed, and diarrhea from cold food. Diagnosis shows emaciation with a large abdomen.
(Underdressing causes external cold and internal heat, leading to bloating. The Stomach combines with the Spleen and governs flesh; insufficient Stomach Qi leads to emaciation.)
Shou Feng (Head Wind) presents with head/face sweating, aversion to wind. Symptoms worsen one day before the wind arrives, with headache preventing going out or in. Symptoms improve slightly on the windy day.
Lou Feng (Leaking Wind) presents with excessive sweating, inability to wear single clothes, sweating while eating, severe whole-body sweating, panting, aversion to wind, wet clothes, dry mouth, thirst, and inability to labor.
(Leaking Wind results from wind exposure after drunkenness. Symptoms include dry mouth/thirst, feeling hot like fire near clothes, profuse sweating while eating, joint laxity, and reluctance to labor.)
Xie Feng (Escaping Wind) presents with excessive sweating soaking clothes, dry mouth, upper body moisture, inability to labor, and generalized body pain with chills.
(Excessive sweating depletes fluids and Yang Qi, causing dry mouth and chills. This is Xie Feng.)
Chapter Bi Lun (Treatise on Bi Syndrome)
The Yellow Emperor asked: How does Bi syndrome arise? Qibo replied: Wind, Cold, and Dampness mix and combine to form Bi syndrome. Predominant Wind causes Xing Bi (Moving Bi); predominant Cold causes Tong Bi (Painful Bi); predominant Dampness causes Zhuo Bi (Fixed Bi). The Yellow Emperor asked: Why are there five types? Qibo said: Encountering these in Winter causes Gu Bi (Bone Bi); in Spring, Jin Bi (Tendon Bi); in Summer, Mai Bi (Vessel Bi); in Late Summer, Ji Bi (Muscle Bi); in Autumn, Pi Bi (Skin Bi). The Yellow Emperor asked: What allows internal transmission to the Zang-Fu? Qibo said: Each Zang has an associated tissue. Prolonged disease transmits to the associated organ. Unresolved Gu Bi transmits to the Kidney; Jin Bi to the Liver; Mai Bi to the Heart; Ji Bi to the Spleen; Pi Bi to the Lung. Bi syndrome arises from re-exposure to Wind-Cold-Dampness in the corresponding seasons.
Transmission to the Five Zang: Fei Bi causes irritability, fullness, asthma, vomiting. Xin Bi causes vessel obstruction, palpitations upon irritation, sudden qi rebellion with asthma, dry throat, belching, and fear from rebellious qi. Gan Bi causes nocturnal fright, polydipsia, frequent urination, and upper qi sensation resembling pregnancy. Shen Bi causes frequent bloating, walking on buttocks instead of heels, and spinal curvature replacing the head. Pi Bi causes limb lethargy, coughing with saliva, and severe upper obstruction. Chang Bi causes frequent drinking but inability to urinate, intestinal rumbling, and sporadic undigested stool diarrhea. Bao Bi causes lower abdominal/bladder tenderness, sensation of hot liquid pouring, dysuria, and clear nasal discharge.
(Twelve Bi syndromes result from external Wind-Cold-Dampness. Pathogens lodging in Zang-Fu manifest organ-specific symptoms; practitioners must examine carefully.)
Dyspnea indicates Bi gathering in the Lung; sorrow/thought indicates Bi gathering in the Heart; enuresis indicates Bi gathering in the Kidney; exhaustion indicates Bi gathering in the Liver; muscle atrophy indicates Bi gathering in the Spleen. Unresolved Bi progressively moves inward.
(This involves internal injury combined with external pathogens forming Bi.)
Cases with predominant Wind heal easily. The Yellow Emperor asked: Why does Bi sometimes cause death, sometimes chronic pain, and sometimes easy healing? Qibo said: Invasion of Zang leads to death; lingering in sinews/bones causes chronic pain; staying in skin heals easily. The Yellow Emperor asked: What about the Six Fu? Qibo said: Diet and lifestyle are the root. Different regions have varying climates and diets. The classics say: "Cold and hot foods harm the Six Fu."
The Six Fu have Shu points. Wind-Cold-Dampness attacking these points, combined with dietary responses, enter via the points and lodge in the Fu. The Yellow Emperor asked: How to treat with acupuncture? Qibo said: Zang have Shu points, Fu have He-sea points. Follow meridian distributions, treat affected areas, and adjust according to excess/deficiency to cure. The Yellow Emperor asked: Can Ying and Wei Qi cause Bi? Qibo said: Ying Qi is the refined essence of food/drink, harmonizing Zang and distributing to Fu, entering vessels to circulate through Zang and Fu. Wei Qi is the fierce Qi of food/drink, rapid and slippery, unable to enter vessels. It circulates in skin and muscle intervals, fumigating Huangmo and dispersing in chest/abdomen. If reversed, disease occurs; if smooth, health returns. Without combining with Wind-Cold-Dampness, it does not cause Bi.
(The refined essence of food strengthens Ying and Wei; pathogens cannot enter, so no Bi occurs.)
The Yellow Emperor asked: Why does Bi present with pain, numbness, cold, heat, dryness, or dampness? Qibo said: Pain is due to excess Cold. Numbness without pain results from prolonged disease, stagnant Ying/Wei flow, and empty meridians, leaving skin un-nourished. Cold results from deficient Yang and excess Yin reinforcing the pathogen. Heat results from excess Yang and deficient Yin, where pathogenic Yang overcomes Yin. Sweating and dampness result from severe Dampness exposure, where deficient Yang and excess Yin interact, causing sweat.
Why is there no pain? Bi in bone causes heaviness; in vessels, blood stasis; in sinews, flexion inability; in flesh, numbness; in skin, cold. Having these five features results in no pain. Bi aggravated by Cold causes spasm; by Heat, flaccidity.
Chapter Wei Lun (Treatise on Wei Syndrome)
The Yellow Emperor asked: How do the Five Zang cause Wei syndrome? Qibo said: Lung governs skin/hair; Heart governs vessels; Liver governs sinews; Spleen governs muscles; Kidney governs bones/marrow. Lung heat with scorched leaves causes weak, thin skin, leading to Wei Bi (foot weakness). Heart heat causes lower vessel reversal upward, depleting lower vessels, leading to Mai Bi (vessel Wei) with joint failure and flaccid calves. Liver heat causes bitter taste, dry sinews, leading to Jin Wei (tendon Wei) with spasms. Spleen heat causes dry stomach/thirst, numb muscles, leading to Rou Wei (muscle Wei). Kidney heat causes inability to raise waist/spine, dry bones, reduced marrow, leading to Gu Wei (bone Wei).
The Yellow Emperor asked: How is it acquired? Qibo said: Lung is the chief of Zang, cover of Heart. Loss or unfulfilled desires cause Lung resonance, leading to Lung heat and scorched leaves. Thus, all Zang Wei stem from Lung heat.
(Zang Wei stems from Lung heat, but each Zang's ministerial fire contributes.)
Excessive grief severs Bao Luo (pericardium collaterals), causing internal Yang movement and bleeding. Large vessels become empty, causing Ji Bi transmitting to Mai Bi. Endless thoughts and unfulfilled desires, plus excessive intercourse, relax Zong Jin (general sinews), causing Jin Wei and Bai Yin (white discharge). The *Xia Jing* states: Jin Wei originates from Liver strain.
Gradual dampness exposure, water work, or damp living conditions cause muscle maceration and numbness, leading to Rou Wei. The *Xia Jing* states: Rou Wei comes from damp places. Fatigue from travel combined with heat/thirst causes internal Yang attack, lodging heat in the Kidney. Water fails to overcome Fire, drying bones and reducing marrow, causing Gu Wei. The *Xia Jing* states: Gu Wei comes from extreme heat.
The Yellow Emperor asked: How to distinguish them? Qibo said: Lung heat shows white face and hair loss; Heart heat shows red face and overflowing collaterals; Liver heat shows blue face and brittle nails; Spleen heat shows yellow face and twitching muscles; Kidney heat shows black face and dry teeth.
The Yellow Emperor asked: Classics say treating Wei focuses solely on Yangming. Why? Qibo said: Yangming is the sea of Zang-Fu, moistening Zong Jin, which binds bones and facilitates joints. Chong Mai is the sea of vessels, irrigating valleys, combining with Yangming at Zong Jin. Yin/Yang converge at Zong Jin, meeting at Qichong (ST30), led by Yangming, connected to Dai Mai and Du Mai. Yangming deficiency causes Zong Jin relaxation and Dai Mai failure, leading to foot Wei.
The Yellow Emperor asked: How to treat? Qibo said: Tonify Ying and unblock Shu points, regulate excess/deficiency, harmonize reversal/smoothness. Treat sinews, vessels, bones, and flesh in their respective seasonal months.
("Shi shou yue" refers to the month of Qi reception, e.g., Liver dominant in Jia/Yi days.)
Chapter Jue Lun (Treatise on Jue Syndrome)
The Yellow Emperor asked: What causes cold and heat in Jue? Qibo said: Yang deficiency in the lower part causes Han Jue (Cold Jue); Yin deficiency in the lower part causes Re Jue (Heat Jue). (Yang refers to Foot Three Yang meridians; Yin to Foot Three Yin meridians.)
The Yellow Emperor asked: Why does Re Jue heat start from the feet? Qibo said: Yang Qi starts at the dorsal aspect of the five toes; Yin meridians gather at the sole. Excess Yang causes plantar heat.
The Yellow Emperor asked: Why does Han Jue cold start from toes and rise to knees? Qibo said: Yin Qi starts at the palmar aspect of the five toes, gathers below and above the knee. Excess Yin causes cold from toes to knees. This cold is internal, not external.
The Yellow Emperor asked: How does Han Jue occur? Qibo said: The anterior yin is the gathering of Zong Jin, where Taiyin and Yangming meet. In winter, Yin is abundant, Yang is scarce. Strong individuals who overexert in winter deplete lower Qi, causing Qi struggle and essence leakage. Pathogens follow upward. Qi stagnates mid-body, Yang declines, failing to nourish meridians. Daily Yang loss leaves only Yin, causing cold extremities.
The Yellow Emperor asked: How does Re Jue occur? Qibo said: Wine enters the Stomach, filling collaterals and emptying vessels. Spleen transports fluids; Yin deficiency allows Yang entry. Stomach disharmony leads to essence depletion, failing to nourish limbs. Frequent drunken intercourse causes Qi accumulation in Spleen, wine/grain Qi conflict, and internal heat. Wine Qi is fierce, depleting Kidney Qi daily. Yang dominance causes hot extremities.
(Cold/Heat Jue both damage Yang and deplete essence. Limb Qi deficiency causes reversal. Though cold/heat differ, deficiency is the same.)
The Yellow Emperor asked: Why does Jue cause abdominal fullness or sudden unconsciousness lasting half a day to a day? Qibo said: Excess Yin above causes lower deficiency, leading to fullness. Excess Yang above causes lower Qi to rebel upward, disturbing Yang Qi, causing unconsciousness.
The Yellow Emperor asked: Describe Jue patterns of the Six Meridians. Taiyang Jue causes head swelling, heaviness, inability to walk, and fainting. Yangming Jue causes mania, running/crying, abdominal fullness, insomnia, red face, fever, hallucinations, and delirium. Shaoyang Jue causes sudden deafness, swollen hot cheeks, hypochondriac pain, and immovable eyes. Taiyin Jue causes abdominal fullness, constipation, anorexia, vomiting, and insomnia. Shaoyin Jue causes dry mouth, red urine, abdominal fullness, and heart pain. Jueyin Jue causes lower abdominal swelling/pain, abdominal distension, dysuria, preference for lying with bent knees, genital shrinkage/swelling, and inner thigh heat.
Drain excess, tonify deficiency, and treat the affected meridian if neither excess nor deficiency.
(Six Meridian Jue patterns show excess/deficiency. Treat accordingly. For Taiyin Jue with spasms and heart pain radiating to abdomen, treat the primary affected meridian. For Shaoyin Jue with fullness, vomiting, and clear diarrhea, treat the primary affected meridian. For Jueyin Jue with spasms, back pain, urinary retention, and delirium, treat the primary affected meridian. Simultaneous Three Yin Jue with bowel/bladder obstruction and cold extremities is fatal in three days. Taiyang Jue with stiff falling, hematemesis, and epistaxis requires treating the primary affected meridian. Shaoyang Jue with joint dysfunction, inability to walk or turn the neck, intestinal abscess, and fright...)