\r纪运太过不及平气之图\ps127a21.bmp\r
歌曰∶
发生委和敷和角，赫曦伏明升明征。
敦阜卑监备化宫，流衍涸流顺静羽。
坚成从革审平商，太过不及平气纪。
每句三位，初太过，次不及，末平气。
其运其气，或太或少，乃轮主岁时而更盛更衰也。上达于天，则有五星倍减之应；下推于地，
则有五虫耗育之验。其五谷五果五味五色之化，岂有一岁而无者。惟成熟有多少，色味有浓薄耳。
盖金木水火土并行，其化互有休囚，旺相不同。遇阳年，则气旺而太过；遇阴年，则气衰而
不及。太过己胜，则欲齐其所胜之化；不及己弱，则胜者来兼其化。太过岁谓木（壬）齐金化，金（庚）
齐火化，火（戊）齐水化，水（丙）齐土化，土（甲）齐木化也。不及岁谓木（丁）兼金同化，
金（乙）兼火同化，火（癸）兼水同化，水（辛）兼土同化，土（己）兼木同化也。
其司天与运相临，间有逆顺，相刑相佐。司天则同其正，抑运则反其平。如是，五气平正，
则无相凌犯也。
太过之岁，五运各主六年，乃五六三十阳年也。太角谓六壬年，逢子午寅申，二火司天，
（壬子、壬午、壬寅、壬申。）则木运为逆者，火居其上也，（子居父位。）居其上为逆。太征
谓六戊年，或逢寒水司天，正抑其火，乃为平气之岁，上羽与正征同也。（戊辰、戊戌，正征，
戊午之类。）太宫谓六甲年也，太商谓六庚年也。内逢子午寅申二火司天，正抑其金，复为平气
之岁，上征与正商同也。（庚子、庚午、庚寅、庚申，正商，乙酉之类是也。）逢辰戌水司天为
逆，（庚辰、庚戌。）水乃金之子也，居上为逆。太羽谓六丙年也。
不及岁，五运各主六年，乃五六三十阴年也。少角谓六丁年也，逢巳亥木司天，为运气得助，
上角同正角也；（丁巳、丁亥，正角，丁卯之类。）逢卯酉金司天，与运兼化，上商同正商也；
（丁卯、丁酉。）逢丑未土司天，以木不及，金兼化，则土得其政，上宫同正宫也。（丁丑、丁
未，正宫，己未之类。）少征谓六癸年也。内逢卯酉金司天，以火不及，水兼化，则金得其政，
上商同正商也。（癸卯、癸酉。）少宫谓六己年也，内逢丑未土司天，为运得助，上宫同正宫也；
（己丑、己未。）逢巳亥木司天，与运兼化，上角同正角也。（己巳、己亥。）少商谓六乙年也。
内逢卯酉金司天，为运得其助，上商同正商也；（乙卯、乙酉。）逢巳亥木司天，以金不及，火
兼化，则木得其政，上角同正角也。（乙巳、乙亥。）少羽谓六辛年也。逢丑未土司天，与运兼
化，上宫同正宫也。（辛丑、辛未。）
内言上者，乃司天之令。其五太五少岁所纪不同者，盖遇不遇也。如君火相火寒水，常为阳
年司天；湿土燥金风木，常为阴年司天。然六十年中，各有上下临遇。或司天胜运，或运胜司天。
或运当太过，不务其德，而浮胜其所不胜；或运当不及，而避其所胜，不兼其化。其他太乙天符、
岁会、同天符、同岁会，已具他篇，不复赘也。
经曰∶气相得则和，乃木火相临，金水相临，水木相临，火土相临，土金相临，皆上生下，
司天生运，故曰相得。不相得则病，乃木土相临，土水相临，水火相临，火金相临，乃上克下，
司天克运，为不相得则病。土临火，火临木，木临水，水临金，金临土，乃运生司天，以下临上
为逆，故病亦微。又如木居金土位，火居金水位，土居水木位，金居火木位，乃运克司天，或司
天克运，如是者为不相得，故病甚也。
【纪运太过、不及与平气的图示】
歌诀说：
发生（木运太过）、委和（木运不及）、敷和（木运平气）对应角音；
赫曦（火运太过）、伏明（火运不及）、升明（火运平气）对应征音；
敦阜（土运太过）、卑监（土运不及）、备化（土运平气）对应宫音；
流衍（水运太过）、涸流（水运不及）、顺静（水运平气）对应羽音；
坚成（金运太过）、从革（金运不及）、审平（金运平气）对应商音。
以上分别对应太过、不及和平气的纪年规律。
每句包含三个概念，分别是：初为太过，次为不及，末为平气。
其运（五运之气）和其气（六气之司天），或太过或少（不及），是轮值主岁时的盛衰变化。这种变化上达于天，则有五星亮度倍增或减弱的应验；下推于地，则有五类动物繁衍耗损的验证。至于五谷、五果、五味、五色等的化生，哪一年会没有呢？只是成熟的数量有多有少，颜色味道的浓郁淡薄有所不同罢了。
大概金、木、水、火、土五行并行，其化生作用互有休囚（衰退）和旺相（旺盛）的不同。遇到阳年，则气旺盛而表现为太过；遇到阴年，则气衰弱而表现为不及。
太过之年，自身胜气强盛，则会整齐划一地表现出其所胜之行（即我克者）的化生特点；不及之年，自身虚弱，则克制它的一行会来兼带其化生特点。
所谓“太过”之年，是指：木运（壬年）齐同金运的化生，金运（庚年）齐同火运的化生，火运（戊年）齐同水运的化生，水运（丙年）齐同土运的化生，土运（甲年）齐同木运的化生。
所谓“不及”之年，是指：木运（丁年）兼同金运共同化生，金运（乙年）兼同火运共同化生，火运（癸年）兼同水运共同化生，水运（辛年）兼同土运共同化生，土运（己年）兼同木运共同化生。
当司天之气与中运（岁运）相遇时，间或有逆顺之分，存在相刑（冲突）或相佐（辅助）的关系。若司天之气与中运相同，则符合正理；若司天之气抑制中运，则反而形成平气之年。如此，五气平和端正，就不会相互凌犯侵害。
在太过之年，五运各主六年，合计五六三十个阳年。
所谓“太角”（木运太过），指六个壬年。如果遇到子、午、寅、申年，由二火（君火、相火）司天（如壬子、壬午、壬寅、壬申年），则木运为逆。因为火居木之上（子居父位，此处指火克木或火在上位压制木），居上位即为逆。
所谓“太征”（火运太过），指六个戊年。如果遇到寒水司天，正好抑制了火气，便成为平气之年，此时上位的羽（水）与正的征（火）同化。（如戊辰、戊戌年为正征，戊午年之类。）
所谓“太宫”（土运太过），指六个甲年。
所谓“太商”（金运太过），指六个庚年。如果遇到子、午、寅、申二火司天，正好抑制了金气，又成为平气之年，此时上位的征（火）与正的商（金）同化。（如庚子、庚午、庚寅、庚申年为正商，乙酉年之类是这种情况。）如果遇到辰、戌水司天则为逆，因为水是金之子，居上位为逆（如庚辰、庚戌年）。
所谓“太羽”（水运太过），指六个丙年。
在不及之年，五运各主六年，合计五六三十个阴年。
所谓“少角”（木运不及），指六个丁年。如果遇到巳、亥木司天，为运气得到帮助，上位的角与正的角同化（如丁巳、丁亥年为正角，丁卯年之类）；如果遇到卯、酉金司天，与运兼化，上位的商与正的商同化（如丁卯、丁酉年）；如果遇到丑、未土司天，因木不及，金来兼化，则土得其政令，上位的宫与正的宫同化（如丁丑、丁未年为正宫，己未年之类）。
所谓“少征”（火运不及），指六个癸年。如果遇到卯、酉金司天，因火不及，水来兼化，则金得其政令，上位的商与正的商同化（如癸卯、癸酉年）。
所谓“少宫”（土运不及），指六个己年。如果遇到丑、未土司天，为运得到帮助，上位的宫与正的宫同化（如己丑、己未年）；如果遇到巳、亥木司天，与运兼化，上位的角与正的角同化（如己巳、己亥年）。
所谓“少商”（金运不及），指六个乙年。如果遇到卯、酉金司天，为运得到帮助，上位的商与正的商同化（如乙卯、乙酉年）；如果遇到巳、亥木司天，因金不及，火来兼化，则木得其政令，上位的角与正的角同化（如乙巳、乙亥年）。
所谓“少羽”（水运不及），指六个辛年。如果遇到丑、未土司天，与运兼化，上位的宫与正的宫同化（如辛丑、辛未年）。
文中所说的“上”，指的是司天之令。五太（太过之年）和五少（不及之年）所记载的不同，是因为遭遇的情况不同。例如君火、相火、寒水，常作为阳年司天；湿土、燥金、风木，常作为阴年司天。然而在六十年中，各有上下临遇的情况。有时司天胜运，有时运胜司天。或者运当太过，不修其德，而浮越之胜气克制其所不胜之行；或者运当不及，而躲避其所胜之行，不兼取其化生特点。其他如太乙天符、岁会、同天符、同岁会等，已在其他篇章详述，此处不再赘述。
经典说：气相得则和谐，即木火相临、金水相临、水木相临、火土相临、土金相临，都是上生下，司天生助中运，所以叫作“相得”。不相得则致病，即木土相临、土水相临、水火相临、火金相临，乃上克下，司天克伐中运，为不相得则致病。土临火、火临木、木临水、水临金、金临土，乃是运生司天，以下临上为逆，所以病也轻微。又如木居金土之位、火居金水之位、土居水木之位、金居火木之位，乃是运克司天，或司天克运，这样称为不相得，所以病很严重。
[Diagram of Excess, Deficiency, and Balanced Qi in the Sixty-Year Cycle]
The verse states:
Fasheng (Excess Wood), Weihe (Deficient Wood), Fuhe (Balanced Wood) correspond to Jue (Wood tone);
Hexi (Excess Fire), Fuming (Deficient Fire), Shengming (Balanced Fire) correspond to Zhi (Fire tone);
Dunfu (Excess Earth), Beijian (Deficient Earth), Beihua (Balanced Earth) correspond to Gong (Earth tone);
Liuyan (Excess Water), Helou (Deficient Water), Shunjing (Balanced Water) correspond to Yu (Water tone);
Jiancheng (Excess Metal), Congge (Deficient Metal), Shenping (Balanced Metal) correspond to Shang (Metal tone).
These correspond respectively to the cycles of Excess (Tai Guo), Deficiency (Bu Ji), and Balanced Qi (Ping Qi).
Each line contains three terms: the first is Excess, the second is Deficiency, and the last is Balanced Qi.
The Movement (Wu Yun) and the Qi (Liu Qi/Si Tian), whether in Excess or Deficiency, represent the waxing and waning of the ruling energies of the year. Reaching up to heaven, there are corresponding manifestations in the brightness increase or decrease of the five planets; pushing down to earth, there are verifications in the proliferation or depletion of the five categories of animals. As for the transformations of the five grains, five fruits, five flavors, and five colors, which year lacks them? It is merely that the quantity of maturity varies, and the intensity of color and flavor differs.
Generally, Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, and Earth operate concurrently, with their transformations having different states of Rest/Decline (Xiu Qiu) and Prosperity/Phase (Wang Xiang). In Yang years, the Qi is prosperous and manifests as Excess; in Yin years, the Qi is weak and manifests as Deficiency.
In Excess years, the self-dominant Qi is strong, so it aligns with the transformation of what it controls (the element it overcomes); in Deficiency years, the self is weak, so the controlling element comes to share its transformation.
"Excess" years refer to: Wood (Ren years) aligning with Metal's transformation; Metal (Geng years) aligning with Fire's transformation; Fire (Wu years) aligning with Water's transformation; Water (Bing years) aligning with Earth's transformation; Earth (Jia years) aligning with Wood's transformation.
"Deficiency" years refer to: Wood (Ding years) sharing Metal's transformation; Metal (Yi years) sharing Fire's transformation; Fire (Gui years) sharing Water's transformation; Water (Xin years) sharing Earth's transformation; Earth (Ji years) sharing Wood's transformation.
When Si Tian (Heavenly Ruler) and Zhong Yun (Central Movement) meet, there are occasionally distinctions of Reverse (Ni) and Smooth (Shun), involving mutual punishment (conflict) or assistance. If Si Tian matches the Zheng Qi (Orthodox Qi), it follows the norm; if Si Tian suppresses the Yun (Movement), it counteracts the balance, potentially creating a Ping Qi (Balanced Qi) year. Thus, when the Five Qi are balanced and upright, they do not invade each other.
In Excess years, each of the Five Movements rules for six years, totaling thirty Yang years (5 x 6).
"Tai Jue" (Excess Wood) refers to the six Ren years. If Zi, Wu, Yin, or Shen years occur, where Two Fires (Ministerial Fire and Imperial Fire) rule Si Tian (e.g., Ren Zi, Ren Wu, Ren Yin, Ren Shen), then Wood Movement is "Reverse" (Ni). This is because Fire resides above Wood (Zi occupies the father's position, implying Fire overcoming Wood from above), residing above constitutes Reverse.
"Tai Zhi" (Excess Fire) refers to the six Wu years. If Cold Water rules Si Tian, it correctly suppresses Fire, resulting in a Balanced Qi year, where the upper Yu (Water) harmonizes with the orthodox Zhi (Fire). (e.g., Wu Chen, Wu Xu are orthodox Zhi; Wu Wu is similar.)
"Tai Gong" (Excess Earth) refers to the six Jia years.
"Tai Shang" (Excess Metal) refers to the six Geng years. If Zi, Wu, Yin, or Shen Two Fires rule Si Tian, they correctly suppress Metal, again forming a Balanced Qi year, where the upper Zhi (Fire) harmonizes with the orthodox Shang (Metal). (e.g., Geng Zi, Geng Wu, Geng Yin, Geng Shen are orthodox Shang; Yi You is an example.) If Chen or Xu Water rules Si Tian, it is Reverse, because Water is the child of Metal, and residing above is Reverse (e.g., Geng Chen, Geng Xu).
"Tai Yu" (Excess Water) refers to the six Bing years.
In Deficiency years, each of the Five Movements rules for six years, totaling thirty Yin years (5 x 6).
"Shao Jue" (Deficient Wood) refers to the six Ding years. If Si or Hai Wood rules Si Tian, the Yun receives support, and the upper Jue harmonizes with the orthodox Jue (e.g., Ding Si, Ding Hai are orthodox Jue; Ding Mao is similar). If Mao or You Metal rules Si Tian, it shares the transformation with the Yun, and the upper Shang harmonizes with the orthodox Shang (e.g., Ding Mao, Ding You). If Chou or Wei Earth rules Si Tian, due to Wood deficiency, Metal shares the transformation, so Earth takes charge, and the upper Gong harmonizes with the orthodox Gong (e.g., Ding Chou, Ding Wei are orthodox Gong; Ji Wei is similar).
"Shao Zhi" (Deficient Fire) refers to the six Gui years. If Mao or You Metal rules Si Tian, due to Fire deficiency, Water shares the transformation, so Metal takes charge, and the upper Shang harmonizes with the orthodox Shang (e.g., Gui Mao, Gui You).
"Shao Gong" (Deficient Earth) refers to the six Ji years. If Chou or Wei Earth rules Si Tian, the Yun receives support, and the upper Gong harmonizes with the orthodox Gong (e.g., Ji Chou, Ji Wei). If Si or Hai Wood rules Si Tian, it shares the transformation with the Yun, and the upper Jue harmonizes with the orthodox Jue (e.g., Ji Si, Ji Hai).
"Shao Shang" (Deficient Metal) refers to the six Yi years. If Mao or You Metal rules Si Tian, the Yun receives support, and the upper Shang harmonizes with the orthodox Shang (e.g., Yi Mao, Yi You). If Si or Hai Wood rules Si Tian, due to Metal deficiency, Fire shares the transformation, so Wood takes charge, and the upper Jue harmonizes with the orthodox Jue (e.g., Yi Si, Yi Hai).
"Shao Yu" (Deficient Water) refers to the six Xin years. If Chou or Wei Earth rules Si Tian, it shares the transformation with the Yun, and the upper Gong harmonizes with the orthodox Gong (e.g., Xin Chou, Xin Wei).
The term "Upper" mentioned herein refers to the decree of Si Tian. The records differ between Wu Tai (Five Excess years) and Wu Shao (Five Deficient years) due to varying encounters. For instance, Imperial Fire, Ministerial Fire, and Cold Water often rule Si Tian in Yang years; Damp Earth, Dry Metal, and Wind Wood often rule Si Tian in Yin years. However, within the sixty-year cycle, there are various upper-lower encounters. Sometimes Si Tian overcomes Yun, sometimes Yun overcomes Si Tian. Or, when Yun is Excess, it fails to cultivate virtue, and its floating superior energy overcomes what it cannot overcome; or when Yun is Deficient, it avoids what overcomes it and does not share its transformation. Other concepts such as Tai Yi Tian Fu, Sui Hui, Tong Tian Fu, and Tong Sui Hui are detailed in other chapters and are not repeated here.
The Classics state: When Qi are compatible, there is harmony. This includes Wood-Fire adjacency, Metal-Water adjacency, Water-Wood adjacency, Fire-Earth adjacency, and Earth-Metal adjacency. These are all "Upper generating Lower," where Si Tian generates Yun, hence called "Compatible." When Qi are incompatible, disease occurs. This includes Wood-Earth adjacency, Earth-Water adjacency, Water-Fire adjacency, and Fire-Metal adjacency. These are "Upper overcoming Lower," where Si Tian overcomes Yun, leading to incompatibility and disease. Earth over Fire, Fire over Wood, Wood over Water, Water over Metal, Metal over Earth—these are Yun generating Si Tian. "Lower ruling Upper" is considered Reverse, so the disease is mild. Furthermore, if Wood resides in Metal/Earth positions, Fire in Metal/Water positions, Earth in Water/Wood positions, Metal in Fire/Wood positions—these are Yun overcoming Si Tian, or Si Tian overcoming Yun. Such cases are deemed incompatible, resulting in severe disease.