按麻疹出自六腑，先动阳分，而后归于阴经，故标属阴，而本属阳。其发热必大，与血分煎熬，故血多
虚耗，首尾当滋阴补血为主，不可一毫动气，当从缓治，所以人参、白术、半夏燥悍之剂，升阳升动，阳
气上冲，皆不可用也。又必内多实热，故四物汤加黄连、防风、连翘以凉其中，而退其阳也。
一、发热憎寒壮热，鼻流清涕，身体疼痛，呕吐泄泻，证候未明是否，便服苏葛汤去砂仁、陈皮，腹
痛亦用浓盖表之汗，自头至足，方散渐减，去衣被，则皮肤通畅，腠理开豁，而麻疹出矣；纵
不出，亦不可再汗，恐致亡阳之变，只宜常以葱白汤饮之，其麻自出，服此自无发搐之证。
一、发热之时，既表之后，切戒风寒、冷水、瓜桃生果之类，如一犯之，则皮毛闭塞，毒瓦斯难泄，遂
变紫黑而死矣。如极渴饮水，只宜少许，葱白汤以滋其渴耳。必须使毛窍中常微汗，润泽可
也，又忌梅、李、鱼、酒、蜂蜜香鲜之类，恐惹疳虫上行。
一、麻疹既出之时，如色红紫，干燥暗晦，乃火盛毒炽，急用六一
散解之，或四物汤去地黄，加红花、炒黄芩进之。
一、麻疹既出，已过三日，不能没者，乃内有实热，宜用四物汤进之。如失血之证，加犀角汁解之。
一、麻疹前后，有烧热不退等证，并属血虚、血热，只宜四物汤按证照常法加减，渴加麦门冬、犀
角汁，嗽加栝蒌霜，有痰加贝母、去白陈皮。切忌人参、白术，半夏之类，如倘误用，为害不小，戒之
戒之，盖麻疹属阳，血多虚耗，今滋阴补血，其热自除，所谓养阴退阳之义。
一、麻疹退后，若牙龈腐烂，鼻血横行，并为失血之证，急宜服四物汤加茵陈、木通、生犀角之类，以利
小便，使热下行。如疳疮色白者，为胃烂，此不治之证也。
一、麻疹泄泻，须分新久，寒热。新泻、热泻者，宜服四苓散加木通服；寒泻者，十中无一，如有伤
食寒冷不得已，以理中汤一服而止；久泻者，只宜豆蔻丸，或五倍子、粟壳烧灰调下涩之。
一、麻退之后，须避风寒，戒水湿，如或不谨，遂致终身咳嗽患疮，无有愈日。
一、麻疹前后，大忌猪肉、鱼、酒、鸡子之类，恐惹终身之咳，只宜用老鸡精、火肉煮食，少助滋味可也。
一、麻疹正出之时，虽不进饮食者，但得麻疹淡红润泽，真正不为害也，盖热毒未解，内蕴实热，自不
必食也。退后若不食，当随用四物汤加神曲、砂仁一二帖，决能食矣。如胃气弱者，忌少下地黄。
一、麻疹既出一日，而有没者，乃为风寒所冲，麻毒内攻，若不治，胃烂而死，可用消毒饮一帖，
热服遂安；如麻见三日退，若有被风之证，亦用消毒饮，妙。
愚验麻疹始出，类伤风寒头痛，咳嗽热盛，目赤颊红，一二日内，即出者轻，必须解表，忌见风寒、腥
晕浓味，如犯之，恐生痰嗽，变成惊搐，不可治矣。初起吐泻交作者，顺；干霍乱者，逆；欲出不出，危亡立待。
麻疹的病机源于六腑，首先扰动阳分，随后归于阴经，因此其表象属阴，而本质属阳。发热必然剧烈，由于血分被热邪煎熬，导致血液大量虚耗，所以治疗从头到尾都应以滋阴补血为主，绝不可使用任何动气的药物，应当采取缓治的方法。因此，人参、白术、半夏等性质燥烈刚悍的药物，以及具有升提阳气作用的药物，因会导致阳气上冲，都不可使用。此外，患者体内多有实热，故需用四物汤（由当归、川芎、白芍、熟地黄组成的方剂）加入黄连、防风、连翘，以清解其中的热邪，从而退去阳热。
一、若出现发热、憎寒（怕冷）、壮热（高热）、鼻流清涕、身体疼痛、呕吐泄泻等症状，在证候尚未明确是否确为麻疹时，可服用苏葛汤（苏叶、葛根等组成的方剂），去掉砂仁和陈皮；若伴有腹痛，也可采用浓覆衣被以发汗的方法。汗自头至足逐渐散发，此时脱去衣被，皮肤通畅，腠理（皮肤纹理及毛孔）开豁，麻疹即可发出；即使暂时未出，也不可再次强行发汗，恐怕导致亡阳（阳气暴脱）的变证，只宜经常饮用葱白汤，麻疹自然会透出，服用此法可避免发生惊厥抽搐的症状。
二、在发热期间，经过解表治疗后，必须严格禁忌风寒、冷水、瓜果生食等，一旦触犯，则皮毛闭塞，毒邪难以宣泄，病情就会转变为紫黑色，导致死亡。如果极度口渴想喝水，只宜少量饮用，用葱白汤来缓解口渴即可。必须保持毛窍中常有微汗，滋润适度为宜。又需禁忌梅子、李子、鱼类、酒类、蜂蜜及气味香鲜的食物，恐怕引发疳虫上行。
三、麻疹已经发出时，如果疹色红紫、干燥暗晦，这是火盛毒炽的表现，急需使用六一散（滑石、甘草组成的方剂）来解毒，或者使用四物汤去掉地黄，加入红花、炒黄芩服用。
四、麻疹发出后，已过三日仍未消退隐没的，是体内有实热所致，适宜服用四物汤。如伴有失血症状，加入犀角汁来解毒凉血。
五、麻疹发出前后，若有烧热不退等症状，均属于血虚、血热，只宜根据四物汤按常规方法加减用药。口渴加麦门冬、犀角汁；咳嗽加栝蒌霜；有痰加贝母、去白陈皮。切忌使用人参、白术、半夏之类药物，如果误用，危害不小，务必戒慎。因为麻疹属阳证，血液多已虚耗，现在通过滋阴补血，热邪自然消除，这就是“养阴退阳”的道理。
六、麻疹消退后，如果出现牙龈腐烂、鼻血不止，都属于失血证候，急需服用四物汤加入茵陈、木通、生犀角等药物，以利小便，使热邪下行。如果是白色的疳疮，则是胃烂的表现，属于不治之症。
七、麻疹引起的泄泻，必须区分新久、寒热。新发的泄泻、热性泄泻，适宜服用四苓散（茯苓、猪苓、泽泻、白术组成的方剂）加入木通；寒性泄泻十分少见，如果有因伤食或受寒不得已的情况，服用一帖理中汤即可止住；久泻者，只适宜服用豆蔻丸，或用五倍子、粟壳烧成灰调服以收敛止泻。
八、麻疹消退之后，必须避风寒，戒水湿，如果不谨慎，就会导致终身咳嗽、患疮疡，没有痊愈的日子。
九、麻疹发出前后，大忌猪肉、鱼、酒、鸡蛋等食物，恐怕引发终身的咳嗽，只宜用老母鸡、瘦肉煮食，稍微增加滋味即可。
十、麻疹正在发出的时候，虽然不进食也没有关系，只要麻疹呈现淡红色且润泽，真正就不会有害处。因为热毒未解，内部蕴藏实热，自然不需要进食。消退后如果不吃饭，应当随即使用四物汤加入神曲、砂仁一二帖，一定能恢复食欲。如果胃气虚弱，应减少地黄的用量。
十一、麻疹发出一天后，如果疹子已经隐没，这是被风寒所冲击，麻毒内攻所致，如果不治疗，会导致胃烂而死，可用消毒饮一帖，热服后即可安定；如果麻疹见三天后消退，如果有受风的症状，也使用消毒饮，效果奇妙。
我经验证，麻疹初起时，症状类似伤风寒引起的头痛、咳嗽、热盛、目赤颊红，在一二日内即发出的病情较轻，必须解表，忌讳接触风寒、腥味及浓味食物，如果触犯，恐怕生痰咳嗽，变成惊厥抽搐，就不可治愈了。初起时吐泻同时发作的，为顺证；干霍乱（欲吐不得吐，欲泻不得泻）的，为逆证；想要发出却发不出来的，危亡就在眼前。
The pathogenesis of measles originates from the six fu-organs, first disturbing the yang aspect, and then returning to the yin meridians. Therefore, its manifestation is attributed to yin, while its root is attributed to yang. The fever must be severe; because the blood aspect is scorched by heat, the blood is largely depleted. Thus, treatment from beginning to end should primarily focus on nourishing yin and replenishing blood. One must absolutely avoid any medications that move qi, and treatment should proceed slowly. Therefore, harsh and drying agents such as Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), and Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), as well as those that raise yang qi, which cause yang qi to rush upward, are all contraindicated. Furthermore, since there is often excessive internal heat, Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) should be added with Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizome), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), and Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus) to cool the interior and dissipate the yang heat.
1. If symptoms such as fever, aversion to cold, high fever, runny clear nose, body pain, vomiting, and diarrhea occur, and it is unclear whether the syndrome is indeed measles, one may administer Suge Tang (Perilla and Kudzu Decoction), removing Sharen (Amomi Fructus) and Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium). If abdominal pain is present, a method of thickly covering with clothes and blankets to induce sweating can also be used. When sweat gradually disperses from head to foot, removing the cover allows the skin to become unobstructed and the couli (skin pores and interstices) to open, causing the measles rash to emerge. Even if it does not immediately appear, one must not induce sweating again, lest it lead to the collapse of yang (Yang Collapse). Instead, one should frequently drink Congbai Tang (Scallion White Decoction); the measles will naturally emerge, and this method prevents convulsions and spasms.
2. During the febrile stage, after surface-releasing treatments, one must strictly avoid wind-cold, cold water, and raw fruits. Violating these prohibitions causes the skin and hair pores to close, making it difficult for toxic factors to excrete, leading to a transformation into purple-black discoloration and death. If extreme thirst occurs and the patient desires water, only small sips should be taken, using Congbai Tang to moisten the thirst. It is necessary to maintain a slight perspiration in the hair pores, keeping them moist but not excessive. One must also avoid plums, plums (prunes), fish, alcohol, honey, and pungent or fresh-smelling foods, as these may provoke ascension of gi worms (parasitic infestations associated with malnutrition).
3. When the measles rash has emerged, if the color is red-purple, dry, dark, and dull, this indicates excessive fire and intense toxicity. One should urgently use Liuyi San (Six-to-One Powder) to resolve it, or use Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) without Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata), adding Honghua (Carthami Flos) and Chao Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix stir-fried).
4. After the measles rash emerges, if it fails to fade after three days, it is due to excessive internal heat. It is appropriate to administer Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction). If accompanied by hemorrhagic syndromes, add Xijiao Zhi (Rhinocerotis Cornu Juice) to resolve toxicity.
5. Before and after the emergence of the measles rash, if fever persists without abating, these syndromes belong to blood deficiency and blood heat. One should only adjust Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) according to standard methods based on specific symptoms. For thirst, add Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix) and Xijiao Zhi (Rhinocerotis Cornu Juice); for cough, add Gualou Shuang (Trichosanthis Fructus Frost); for phlegm, add Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus) and remove the white part of Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium). One must strictly avoid Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), and Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma). Misuse of these herbs causes significant harm and must be guarded against. Since measles belongs to yang syndromes and involves substantial blood depletion, nourishing yin and replenishing blood naturally eliminates the heat. This embodies the principle of "nourishing yin to retreat yang."
6. After the measles recede, if gum rotting and epistaxis (nosebleed) occur, these are hemorrhagic syndromes. One should urgently take Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) added with Yichen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis), and Sheng Xijiao (Fresh Rhinocerotis Cornu) to promote urination and direct heat downward. If white gi sores appear, this indicates stomach rot, which is an incurable condition.
7. Diarrhea caused by measles must be differentiated by duration (new vs. old) and nature (cold vs. heat). For new-onset or heat-type diarrhea, Siling San (Four-Ingredient Powder) added with Mutong (Akebiae Caulis) is suitable. Cold-type diarrhea is rare; however, if caused by food stagnation or cold exposure necessitating treatment, one dose of Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) will stop it. For chronic diarrhea, only Doukou Wan (Cardamom Pill) or Wubeizi (Chebulae Fructus) and Susuke (Poppies Capsule) burned to ash and mixed for oral administration to astringe should be used.
8. After the measles recede, one must avoid wind-cold and water-dampness. Negligence leads to lifelong cough and ulcerative conditions with no hope of cure.
9. Before and after the emergence of the measles rash, pork, fish, alcohol, and eggs are strictly taboo, as they may provoke lifelong cough. Only old chicken fat and lean meat boiled for consumption are permitted to slightly enhance flavor.
10. During the active eruption of measles, even if food intake is absent, there is no harm provided the rash is light red and moist. This is because the heat toxin is unresolved and excess internal heat exists, making food unnecessary. After recession, if appetite is lost, administering Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) with Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata) and Sharen (Amomi Fructus) for one to two doses will restore eating ability. If stomach qi is weak, reduce the dosage of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata).
11. If the measles rash disappears after one day of emergence, it is due to wind-cold impact and internal attack by measles toxin. Without treatment, stomach rot and death ensue. One dose of Xiaodu Yin (Detoxification Decoction), taken hot, brings peace. If the rash appears for three days and then recedes, and wind-exposure symptoms are present, Xiaodu Yin (Detoxification Decoction) is also effective.
In my experience, the initial onset of measles resembles headache, cough, high fever, red eyes, and flushed cheeks caused by wind-cold injury. Eruption within one to two days indicates a mild case requiring surface release. Contact with wind-cold, fishy odors, and strong flavors must be avoided; violation may generate phlegm-cough and transform into convulsions and spasms, becoming untreatable. Simultaneous vomiting and diarrhea at onset is a favorable sign (Shun); Gan Huoluan (Dry Cholera-like syndrome with inability to vomit or defecate) is an adverse sign (Ni); failure to erupt despite signs suggests imminent danger and death.