《原病式》曰∶诸痉强直，积饮痞膈，中满霍乱吐下，体重跗肿，肉如泥，按之不起，皆属于湿。
张三锡曰∶湿有天之湿，雾露雨是也。天本乎气，故先中表之荣卫。有地之湿，水泥是也。地本乎形，
故先伤皮肉筋骨血脉。有饮食之湿，酒水乳酪之类是也。胃为水谷之海，故伤于脾胃。有汗液之湿，汗
液亦气也，止感于外。有人气之湿，太阴湿土之所化也，乃动于中。治外感之湿，当表散，大法湿在上甚而
热者，平以苦，佐以甘辛，以汗为效而止。治内伤之湿，宜健脾理胃，利小便。大抵皆宜发汗及利小便，使
上下分消可也。
张三锡曰∶金者水之源，金受火克，不能生水而源于上，则不能荣养皮肤、肠胃、筋骨，诸燥症作
矣。情欲无涯，精
髓枯竭，劳神过虑，心血耗散，加以浓酒炙爆，辛香浓味，邪火弥炽，真水顿亏。在上则咽干口燥，
在中则烦渴不已，在下则肠胃枯涩，为消渴，为噎膈，为经闭身热，为干嗽。治须养血生津，润泽肠胃，
使源竭而复流，枝枯而再荣也。医者不察，谬指为火，大汗大下，复损津液，祸不旋踵。《原病式》曰∶
经云风、热、火同阳也，寒、燥、湿同阴也。然燥金虽属秋阴，而异于寒湿，故反同其风热。燥万物者莫
于火，故火热胜金，气必衰而风生，风能胜湿，热能耗精，风热相扇而燥也。燥金主于收敛，劲切紧涩，
故为病筋脉劲强紧急而口噤也，或消渴痿痹，筋缓毛落，色焦不润，二便阻塞，皆属金燥。如秋燥甚则草
摇落，病之象也。是以手得血而能握，足得血而能步。燥之为病，血液衰少，不能荣养四肢百骸也。或病后
曾服汗下药，及吐后、产后、老年见诸燥症，脉细涩或洪数者，俱属血液不足，补以润之。又纵欲人
多肾虚，以肾主五液。
《原病式》中说：各种痉挛强直，水饮停聚导致的胸膈痞塞，腹部胀满、霍乱引起的呕吐腹泻，身体沉重、足背浮肿，肌肉松软如泥，按压后凹陷不起，这些症状都归属于湿邪。
张三锡说：湿邪有来自天空的湿，即雾、露、雨，这是天之气所致，所以先侵犯体表的营卫；有来自地面的湿，即水泥、地气，这是地之形所致，所以先损伤皮肉筋骨血脉；有饮食产生的湿，即酒水、乳酪之类，胃是水谷汇聚之处，所以损伤脾胃；有汗液形成的湿，汗液也是气的一种，只感受于体表；有人气（人体内部）产生的湿，这是太阴湿土所化生的，乃是从体内发动。治疗外感湿邪，应当用解表发散的方法，大原则是：湿邪在上且热势重的，用苦味药平抑它，辅以甘辛味药，以出汗为见效标准即止。治疗内伤湿邪，宜健脾理胃，通利小便。大致来说，都适宜发汗及通利小便，使湿邪从上、下分消即可。
张三锡又说：金对应肺，是水液的源头。如果金受到火的克制，不能生水而源于上焦，就不能荣养皮肤、肠胃、筋骨，各种燥症就会发作。情欲没有节制，导致精髓枯竭，劳神过度思虑，耗散心血，再加上饮用浓酒、食用炙烤爆炒及辛辣香浓的食物，邪火更加炽盛，真水顿时亏损。在上焦则咽干口燥，在中焦则烦渴不止，在下焦则肠胃枯涩，表现为消渴、噎膈、经闭身热、干咳等症。治疗必须养血生津，润泽肠胃，使水源枯竭而复流，树枝枯萎而再荣。医生如果不仔细考察，错误地将其指认为火证，使用大汗、大下的方法，再次损伤津液，灾祸随即而至。《原病式》中说：经文说风、热、火同属阳，寒、燥、湿同属阴。然而燥金虽然属于秋天的阴气，但不同于寒湿，所以反而与风热相似。使万物干燥的，没有比火更厉害的，所以火热胜过了金，气必然衰弱而生风，风能胜湿，热能耗精，风热相互煽动而导致燥。燥金主收敛，性质劲切紧涩，所以致病时出现筋脉劲强紧急、口噤不开，或者消渴、痿痹、筋缓毛落、面色焦枯不润、二便阻塞，这些都归属于金燥。就像秋天燥气严重时草木摇落一样，这是疾病的征象。因此手得到血液滋养才能握物，脚得到血液滋养才能行走。燥邪致病，是因为血液衰少，不能荣养四肢百骸。或者是病后曾服用过发汗、泻下药，以及吐后、产后、老年人出现的各种燥症，脉象细涩或洪数的，都属于血液不足，应用补益滋润的方法治疗。另外，纵欲的人多肾虚，因为肾主管五液。
*Yuan Bing Shi* (Treatise on the Origins of Disease) states: Various spasms and stiffness, accumulation of fluid causing chest and diaphragm obstruction, abdominal fullness, cholera with vomiting and diarrhea, heavy body, edema of the dorsum of the foot, flesh like mud that does not rise when pressed, all belong to Dampness.
Zhang Sanxi said: There is Dampness from Heaven, such as fog, dew, and rain. Heaven belongs to Qi, so it first affects the Ying and Wei (Nutritive and Defensive Qi) at the exterior. There is Dampness from Earth, such as water and soil moisture. Earth belongs to Form, so it first damages the skin, flesh, sinews, bones, blood vessels, and collaterals. There is Dampness from diet, such as wine, beer, milk, and cheese. The Stomach is the sea of food and drink, so it damages the Spleen and Stomach. There is Dampness from sweat; sweat is also a form of Qi, affecting only the exterior. There is Dampness from human internal factors, which is transformed by the Taiyin Damp Earth, arising from within. To treat externally contracted Dampness, one should use dispersing methods. The general principle is: if Dampness is in the upper part and accompanied by heat, use Bitter flavors to level it, assisted by Sweet and Acrid flavors, stopping when sweating occurs. To treat internally injured Dampness, one should strengthen the Spleen and regulate the Stomach, promoting urination. Generally, both sweating and promoting urination are suitable to allow the Dampness to be dispersed from above and below.
Zhang Sanxi further stated: Metal corresponds to the Lung, which is the source of Water. If Metal is controlled by Fire and cannot generate Water, originating from the Upper Jiao, it fails to nourish the skin, intestines, stomach, sinews, and bones, leading to various Dryness syndromes. Unrestrained desires deplete essence and marrow; excessive mental labor scatters Heart Blood. Coupled with rich wine, roasted/fried foods, and pungent, strong flavors, pathogenic Fire becomes intense, and True Water suddenly declines. In the Upper Jiao, there is dry throat and mouth; in the Middle Jiao, endless vexation and thirst; in the Lower Jiao, dry and rough intestines and stomach, manifesting as Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst), Ye Ge (Dysphagia), amenorrhea with fever, and dry cough. Treatment requires nourishing Blood and generating fluids, moistening the intestines and stomach, so that the exhausted source flows again, and the withered branches regain vitality. If physicians fail to examine carefully and mistakenly identify this as Fire syndrome, using drastic sweating or purging methods will further damage Body Fluids, bringing disaster swiftly. *Yuan Bing Shi* states: The classics say Wind, Heat, and Fire are Yang; Cold, Dryness, and Dampness are Yin. However, although Dry Metal belongs to Autumn Yin, it differs from Cold and Dampness, thus resembling Wind and Heat. Nothing dries things more than Fire; thus, when Fire overcomes Metal, Qi must weaken and Wind arises. Wind can overcome Dampness, and Heat consumes Essence. Wind and Heat fan each other, creating Dryness. Dry Metal governs convergence, with characteristics of strength, sharpness, tightness, and astringency. Therefore, disease manifests as stiff and tense sinews, locked jaw, or Wasting-Thirst, flaccidity, numbness, relaxed sinews, hair loss, scorched and unmoistened complexion, and obstruction of urination and defecation, all belonging to Metal Dryness. Just as autumn Dryness causes grass and trees to shake and fall, this is the sign of disease. Hence, hands can grasp when nourished by Blood, and feet can walk when nourished by Blood. Dryness disease results from deficient Blood failing to nourish the four limbs and hundred bones. Or, after illness, having taken sweating or purgative medicines, or after vomiting, postpartum, or in the elderly presenting various Dryness symptoms, with fine, choppy, or rapid and large pulses, all belong to Blood deficiency; treat with tonification and moistening. Furthermore, those who indulge in lust often have Kidney Deficiency, as the Kidney governs the Five Fluids.