博览群书，为我所用，是我学医历程中的又一体会。拜师学医固然是医学入门的第一步，但从师学习在一生中，毕竟只是短暂的时间，满师之后，贵在自学。我在临诊中遇到疑难杂证，常从阅读医书中得到启示。如李东垣的内伤学说和脾胃论对我的治疗技术帮助很大。李氏认为内伤的形成，就是人体「气」不足的结果，其根本是由于脾胃受损。他在《脾胃论·脾胃虚则九窍不适论》中说「真气又名元气，乃先身生之精气也，非胃气不能滋之。」针灸治疗，重在调气，用补益脾胃之气，常能扶正达邪。在我临诊中遇肝胃不和，胸脘痛满，针刺胃之募穴中脘，出针后拔以火罐，既能宽胸消痞，又能降气和胃，应用在虚阳上扰所引起的眩晕症也有显效。此外，对卒中的认识在我六十年的临床中也是逐渐深入fl句。在随师中，先师坚持《内经》和《金匮》的中风理论，重视风邪为病，此风邪当然是泛指外风和内风，治法上强调祛邪为主的原则。当时，他很赞赏孙思邈的综合疗法。孙思邈在《千金翼方·针灸》中说：「良医之道，必先诊脉处方，次即针灸，内外相扶，病必当愈。何则?汤药攻其内，针灸攻其外。不能如此，虽有愈痰，兹为偶差，非医差也。」因此，先师在临诊中常针灸和中药同时并用。卒中的早期治疗，他是以平肝熄风、豁痰开窍的腧穴为主，如百会、风池、廉泉、天突、外关、合谷、足三里、太溪、太冲。针刺手法以补健侧，泻患侧。认为患侧为风邪所侵，邪留经脉，气血因而失畅，用褥法取其祛邪之意也。补健侧，是借健侧之健，推动气血之运行，包含有左病治右，右病治左之意。卒中二周之后，针灸治疗只取患肢腧穴，如上肢取肩帮、曲池、合谷、外关，手臂挛屈者加刺尺泽、曲泽，下肢取环跳，风市、阳陵、足三里、丰隆、飞扬、昆仑、太冲，以催气通络法疏通经脉。在处方用药上也重用祛风通络，平肝熄风，豁痰宁神之品，例如明天麻、嫩钩藤、炒防风、蔓荆子、嫩桑枝、络石藤、竹沥半夏、九节茸蒲、广郁金、珍珠母、石决明、广地龙、柏子仁、炙远志等等。我在临床上对卒中早期的治疗，针灸和中药并用，能收到较好的效果。但是部分高年体虚的中风患者，往往出现邪去正衰的征象，偏枯的肢体恢复活动比较缓慢。内服汤药当从何法呢?乃博览医书，渐有所悟。叶天士云：「大凡经主气，络主血，久病血瘀。」王清任的《医林改错》亦以补阳还五汤治疗卒中的手足偏废，加重生黄芪的剂量，以加强补气之功效，气行血亦行。在近十余年的卒中后遗症半身不遂的治疗中，仿效补阳还五汤的原则加减应用，收到了颇为满意的效果。使我感到：当今所遇奇症顽疾，均可仿效古方古法的宗旨加以发挥。所以，博览群书可以防止一家之偏见，不断修正和补充自己的论点。
注重切脉望舌
人体是一个有机的整体，局部的病变，可以影响到全身，内脏的病变，又可从五官四肢体表反映出来。正如《丹溪心法》所说：「欲知其内者，当以观乎外，诊于外者，斯以知其内。盖有诸内者，必形诸外。」我在临床上体会到四诊的重要，无论吃药或扎针的病员，都需切脉望舌，以便作出正确的辨证。
在诊脉方面，除了必须熟悉和掌握三部九候诊法和二：十八脉的不同脉形所反映的不同病机症候外(这是作为一个中医工作者的基本功，分清浮、沉、迟，数、虚，实六脉以统率其它各脉，这些是必不可少的知识)，尤其重要的是要识别脉之「有神无神，有力无力」。识得神之有无，才能辨人之生死；识得力之有无，才可辨病之虚实。而后方能拟定治疗法则，或补、或泻，或先补后泻，或先泻后补，或补母泻子等等。但有时脏腑虚实传变，脉气相互影响，致脉形交叉出现，那就需要根据脉诊所得，辨明脏腑，经络、阴阳、虚实、五行生克、相互制约、相辅相成的关系，在经络穴位上运用调剂补泻的方法。例如缓为脾之本脉，如右关出现沉细脉，此为水反侮土，乃从所胜来的微邪，治疗上就要用泻木补金的方法，以水生木，水为木之母，木为水之子，泻木所以夺母气，使水不能反侮土；土生金，土为金之母，金为土之子，补金令子不食母气，使土有休养生息之机而无不足之患，是健脾制水之法也。在切脉诊疗中，五行生克之理，必须推敲，结合临床经验，才能精益求精，避免错误。
不仅要注意切脉，同时还要注意舌诊。《临证验舌法》说：「舌者心之苗也，五脏六腑之大主也，其气通于此，其窍开于此者也。查诸脏腑图，脾、肺，肝、肾无不系根于心,核诸经络，考手足阴阳，无脉不通于舌。则知经络脏腑之病，不独伤寒发热有胎可验即凡内外杂证，也无不一呈其形，着其色于舌……据舌以分虚实，而虚实不爽焉姑舌以分阴阳，而阴阳不谬焉,据舌以分脏腑，配主方，而脏腑不差，主方不误焉。」舌诊的重要性，由此可见。在临床上的确可以根据舌苔、舌质和舌形，来辨别病变的性质，病邪的浅深和病情的虚实。故有「辨舌质可辨五脏之虚实，视舌苔可察六淫之浅深」的说法。此外，我认为观察舌之形态，仔细辨别舌端震颤程度，可以了解患者的心理和病况。例如，临床上每每遇到类似神经衰弱的患者，他们饮食正常而面容眦自，主诉繁多而滔滔不绝，由于生活中偶受惊吓或意外刺激，会出现情绪低落而悒悒寡欢，思想疑虑而睡眠善寤，心悸胸痛而心神不宁，脉形濡细无力，有肝胃不和、中气不足的现象。对此种病员的诊断，必须重视和体察舌端有否震颤现象。根据震颤程度不同而有三种诊断可能：一是在舌苔正常而尖端见到震颤的，可咀知道该病人胆小如鼠；二是舌苔薄、质淡紫(或绛)而胖的舌尖端出现震颤者，可以拟诊为心脏病态；三是在薄黄(或白)苔的舌中间出现微颤的，才是神经衰弱。据此，可对确诊为神经衰弱的患者，用「心病要用心药医」的办法，耐心细致地做好思想工作，同时用赡养心神，调治脾胃的法则进行治疗，务使心无疑虑，或生欢欣，则病慧然若失，再以东垣《远欲》之言说之，患者可破涕为笑而收显著疗效。此乃我临证六十年来诊治神经衰弱的一得之见。
当然，除了切脉、望舌外，还需配合望神色、听言语、看行动、察体位、闻气味、问=便，并详细询问病史，才能全面地了解病情。经过综合分析，从而作出正确的诊断，治疗上才能丝丝入扣，收到预期的效果。
注重经络辨证
经络学说和针灸有着密切的关系。针灸治病所用的腧穴，就是经脉之气注输出入的地方，所以在辨证论治、处方配穴、选择手法等各方面，均不能脱离经络学说的指导。例如针灸治病必先明辨病在何脏何经，然后按照脏腑经络和腧穴的相互关系，采取循经取穴、局部取穴或邻近取穴等方法相互结合而定处方。正如《灵枢·刺节真邪》所说：「用针者，必先察其经络之实虚，切而循之，按而弹之，视其应动者，乃后取之而下之。」就我的经验而言，脱离了经络，开口动手便错。现在常把针灸经络并称，更是说明针灸离不开经络。
经络是内连脏腑、外络肢节，运行气血的通路，腧穴是人体脉气输注于体表的部位。因此，内脏有病通过经络反应到体表穴位L匕来，常表现为压痛反应。
我在临床上，常检查体表穴位的压痛情况，藉以分析内部脏器的病变。一般急性病压痛较显著，慢性病雎痛范围较小。五脏虽位于胸腹，但脉气发于足太阳膀胱经，故五脏俞均在背部，如咳呛病在肺俞、胆囊炎在胆俞，都有按痛，可作辅助诊断之用。
针刺治疗要有一定的感应，称为得气。我认为针刺感应的放散程度是由经络路线及穴位性能来决定的。如手之三阴，从胸走手。内关、少海清热安神，针感向下；中府、列缺凋肺利气，都向下放散。手之三阳，从手走头。合谷能升能散，手法正确，针感可到肩髑，甚至到头颈，曲池走而不守，针感也可向上。足之三阳，从头走足。足三里和胃止痛补气，针感向下可到第二趾；委中清热利湿止痛，感应从』：向足跟，阳陵泉镇痉熄风止痛，针感向下。足之三阴，从足走胸腹。行间、太溪向上放散；尤其是三阴交可放散到腹股沟。获得这些放散感应与经脉走向关系较大。阳经有阳经的传导路线，阴经有阴经的感应方向。但这也不是绝对的，扎针时可以用改变针尖的迎随方向，来改变放散路线。如内关穴属手厥阴经，一般感应是向下放散至中指，但也可运用催气手法，使酸胀感应向上放散，越过肘关节上行，使「气至病所」，能立止心绞痛等胸痛。因此，在临床上除了要熟悉经络循行，还必须掌握操作手法，才能提高疗效。
循经取穴是针灸临床上常用的取穴法，根据「经脉所过，主治所在」的理论，我认为有时循经远取治疗，比局部取穴效果为好。如咽干，取双太溪，用阴刺法，效果明显；胁痛取阳陵泉，胸闷欲呕泻内关、太冲，急性扁桃腺炎刺合谷、少商，均有较好的疗效。这都属于循经远取法。又如手阳明大肠经在面部循行路线由人中而交叉，故口眼歪斜取合谷，右针左，左针右。
经络之中的十二经筋是随着十二经脉分布的，它循行于体表而不入内脏。在瞄床上，我对于经筋之病，常用「以痛为腧」的方法来治疗。如网球肘，是较顽周的常见病症，在检查病人肘部时，可发现一局限的压痛拒按处，就在该点上施以较强的恢刺或合谷刺手法，以泄其邪，然后配以艾灸温针，常能缓筋急而收到较好的疗效。
由此可见，经络学说是非常重要的，早在《灵枳·经脉》中已有记载；「经脉者，所以能决死生，处百病，调虚实，不可不通。」中医各科需要经络学说的指导，针灸临床尤其离不开经络理论。
注重针刺手法
针灸治疗，除诊脉察舌、审证求因外，其疗效与手法关系很大。我对进针手法，主张轻缓，先用左手大拇指爪甲紧切穴位，令气血宣散，然后用右手拇、食二指持针，进针速度很慢，旋转角度要小要缓，缓缓刺入，既可减轻破皮时的痛感，又可不致损伤血管，这样可使初诊慑针病人，乐意接受针刺治疗。但对小儿的进针法就耍因人而异了。由于小儿体小肉薄，又不易取得合作，既不宜用强刺久留之法，亦不宜用慢刺捻旋之法。特选用半刺法，单刺不留，易被小儿接受，临床用之，效果亦佳。
对成人当针刺到真皮层，进入分肉筋骨之间时，就得加强捻旋，适当提插，当针下有沉重感觉，病人亦感胀重酸楚，此为得气；如进针后病者只觉刺痛，医者针下好像刺在豆腐中一样，毫无沉紧之感，此为不得气，就要用候气的方法，使之得气，才能获得疗效。正如《灵枢·九针十二原》所说：「刺之要，气至而有效。」这是很有道理的。我行医六十年，曾编成十句口诀：「针灸疗法，重在得气。得气方法，提插捻旋。提插结合，捻旋相联。指头变化，大同小异。
纯杂之后，精神合一。」当然得气感应，每个人或每个穴位，并不完全一样，多数穴位能出现酸胀感，有些穴位则出现胀重感或麻电感。临诊时根据辨证所得，选取穴位，进针后运用适当手法，定能获得良好效果。
至于补渴手法，大都均由提插捻旋组成，再加上快慢疾徐和阴阳左右及数字上的九六等综合而成，运用适当，均有疗效。虚证用补法，实证用泻法，先寒后热用先补后泻法，先热后寒用先泻后补法。如遇剧烈疼痛之症，我常用龙虎交战手法，此为补泻兼施的综合手法，以捻旋为主，结合左转九数，右转六数，反复施行，可疏通经气，舒筋活络，以收止痛之效。
祖国医学认为人在出生以后，主要有赖于脾胃功能的健全，以保证生长发育的需要。「胃主受纳」、「脾主运化」，二者相互配合，消化水谷，吸收精微，以滋养全身组织器官。所以常把脾胃相提并论，称为「生化之源」，「后天之本」。李东垣据此立论，认为「元气之充足，皆由脾胃之气无所伤，而后能滋养元气。若胃气之本弱，饮食自倍，则脾胃之气既伤，而元气亦不能充，而诸病之所由生也。舢胃虚则五脏、六腑、十二经、十五络、四肢皆不得营运之气，而百病生焉。洲至于经论天地之邪气，感则害人五脏六腑，及形气俱虚，乃受外邪。不困虚邪，贼邪不能独伤人。请病从脾胃而生，明矣。」他阐明和发展了「邪之所凑，其气必虚」、「正气存内，邪不可干」的病机。从而提出了「人以胃气为本」、「脾胃一伤，五乱互作」和「病从脾胃所生及养生当实元气」的论点，刨立了「脾胃学说」。主张用升阳益气、培土固本的温补脾胃法为治。升阳益气足以御外而强中，培土固本，可使元气自充而诸恙悉平。所有虚实传变，都应以治脾胃为本。体现了「治病必求于本」的经旨，这是李东垣《脾胃论》的中心思想。
我对李东垣的《脾胃论》较赞同。在临床上，属肠胃消化系统痪患，固应重在调理脾胃，若其它疾患，不论情志佛郁，饮食劳倦，抑或贼风寒邪，暑湿袭扰之症，在辨证施治时，也以脾胃学说为指导，在治法上，注重调理脾胃，结合对症治疗。
博览群书，为我所用，是我学医历程中的又一体会。拜师学医固然是医学入门的第一步，但从师学习在一生中，毕竟只是短暂的时间，满师之后，贵在自学。我在临诊中遇到疑难杂证，常从阅读医书中得到启示。如李东垣的内伤学说和脾胃论对我的治疗技术帮助很大。李氏认为内伤的形成，就是人体「气」不足的结果，其根本是由于脾胃受损。他在《脾胃论·脾胃虚则九窍不适论》中说「真气又名元气，乃先身生之精气也，非胃气不能滋之。」针灸治疗，重在调气，用补益脾胃之气，常能扶正达邪。在我临诊中遇肝胃不和，胸脘痛满，针刺胃之募穴中脘，出针后拔以火罐，既能宽胸消痞，又能降气和胃，应用在虚阳上扰所引起的眩晕症也有显效。此外，对卒中的认识在我六十年的临床中也是逐渐深入fl句。在随师中，先师坚持《内经》和《金匮》的中风理论，重视风邪为病，此风邪当然是泛指外风和内风，治法上强调祛邪为主的原则。当时，他很赞赏孙思邈的综合疗法。孙思邈在《千金翼方·针灸》中说：「良医之道，必先诊脉处方，次即针灸，内外相扶，病必当愈。何则?汤药攻其内，针灸攻其外。不能如此，虽有愈痰，兹为偶差，非医差也。」因此，先师在临诊中常针灸和中药同时并用。卒中的早期治疗，他是以平肝熄风、豁痰开窍的腧穴为主，如百会、风池、廉泉、天突、外关、合谷、足三里、太溪、太冲。针刺手法以补健侧，泻患侧。认为患侧为风邪所侵，邪留经脉，气血因而失畅，用褥法取其祛邪之意也。补健侧，是借健侧之健，推动气血之运行，包含有左病治右，右病治左之意。卒中二周之后，针灸治疗只取患肢腧穴，如上肢取肩帮、曲池、合谷、外关，手臂挛屈者加刺尺泽、曲泽，下肢取环跳，风市、阳陵、足三里、丰隆、飞扬、昆仑、太冲，以催气通络法疏通经脉。在处方用药上也重用祛风通络，平肝熄风，豁痰宁神之品，例如明天麻、嫩钩藤、炒防风、蔓荆子、嫩桑枝、络石藤、竹沥半夏、九节茸蒲、广郁金、珍珠母、石决明、广地龙、柏子仁、炙远志等等。我在临床上对卒中早期的治疗，针灸和中药并用，能收到较好的效果。但是部分高年体虚的中风患者，往往出现邪去正衰的征象，偏枯的肢体恢复活动比较缓慢。内服汤药当从何法呢?乃博览医书，渐有所悟。叶天士云：「大凡经主气，络主血，久病血瘀。」王清任的《医林改错》亦以补阳还五汤治疗卒中的手足偏废，加重生黄芪的剂量，以加强补气之功效，气行血亦行。在近十余年的卒中后遗症半身不遂的治疗中，仿效补阳还五汤的原则加减应用，收到了颇为满意的效果。使我感到：当今所遇奇症顽疾，均可仿效古方古法的宗旨加以发挥。所以，博览群书可以防止一家之偏见，不断修正和补充自己的论点。
注重切脉望舌
人体是一个有机的整体，局部的病变，可以影响到全身，内脏的病变，又可从五官四肢体表反映出来。正如《丹溪心法》所说：「欲知其内者，当以观乎外，诊于外者，斯以知其内。盖有诸内者，必形诸外。」我在临床上体会到四诊的重要，无论吃药或扎针的病员，都需切脉望舌，以便作出正确的辨证。
在诊脉方面，除了必须熟悉和掌握三部九候诊法和二：十八脉的不同脉形所反映的不同病机症候外(这是作为一个中医工作者的基本功，分清浮、沉、迟，数、虚，实六脉以统率其它各脉，这些是必不可少的知识)，尤其重要的是要识别脉之「有神无神，有力无力」。识得神之有无，才能辨人之生死；识得力之有无，才可辨病之虚实。而后方能拟定治疗法则，或补、或泻，或先补后泻，或先泻后补，或补母泻子等等。但有时脏腑虚实传变，脉气相互影响，致脉形交叉出现，那就需要根据脉诊所得，辨明脏腑，经络、阴阳、虚实、五行生克、相互制约、相辅相成的关系，在经络穴位上运用调剂补泻的方法。例如缓为脾之本脉，如右关出现沉细脉，此为水反侮土，乃从所胜来的微邪，治疗上就要用泻木补金的方法，以水生木，水为木之母，木为水之子，泻木所以夺母气，使水不能反侮土；土生金，土为金之母，金为土之子，补金令子不食母气，使土有休养生息之机而无不足之患，是健脾制水之法也。在切脉诊疗中，五行生克之理，必须推敲，结合临床经验，才能精益求精，避免错误。
不仅要注意切脉，同时还要注意舌诊。《临证验舌法》说：「舌者心之苗也，五脏六腑之大主也，其气通于此，其窍开于此者也。查诸脏腑图，脾、肺，肝、肾无不系根于心,核诸经络，考手足阴阳，无脉不通于舌。则知经络脏腑之病，不独伤寒发热有胎可验即凡内外杂证，也无不一呈其形，着其色于舌……据舌以分虚实，而虚实不爽焉姑舌以分阴阳，而阴阳不谬焉,据舌以分脏腑，配主方，而脏腑不差，主方不误焉。」舌诊的重要性，由此可见。在临床上的确可以根据舌苔、舌质和舌形，来辨别病变的性质，病邪的浅深和病情的虚实。故有「辨舌质可辨五脏之虚实，视舌苔可察六淫之浅深」的说法。此外，我认为观察舌之形态，仔细辨别舌端震颤程度，可以了解患者的心理和病况。例如，临床上每每遇到类似神经衰弱的患者，他们饮食正常而面容眦自，主诉繁多而滔滔不绝，由于生活中偶受惊吓或意外刺激，会出现情绪低落而悒悒寡欢，思想疑虑而睡眠善寤，心悸胸痛而心神不宁，脉形濡细无力，有肝胃不和、中气不足的现象。对此种病员的诊断，必须重视和体察舌端有否震颤现象。根据震颤程度不同而有三种诊断可能：一是在舌苔正常而尖端见到震颤的，可咀知道该病人胆小如鼠；二是舌苔薄、质淡紫(或绛)而胖的舌尖端出现震颤者，可以拟诊为心脏病态；三是在薄黄(或白)苔的舌中间出现微颤的，才是神经衰弱。据此，可对确诊为神经衰弱的患者，用「心病要用心药医」的办法，耐心细致地做好思想工作，同时用赡养心神，调治脾胃的法则进行治疗，务使心无疑虑，或生欢欣，则病慧然若失，再以东垣《远欲》之言说之，患者可破涕为笑而收显著疗效。此乃我临证六十年来诊治神经衰弱的一得之见。
当然，除了切脉、望舌外，还需配合望神色、听言语、看行动、察体位、闻气味、问=便，并详细询问病史，才能全面地了解病情。经过综合分析，从而作出正确的诊断，治疗上才能丝丝入扣，收到预期的效果。
注重经络辨证
经络学说和针灸有着密切的关系。针灸治病所用的腧穴，就是经脉之气注输出入的地方，所以在辨证论治、处方配穴、选择手法等各方面，均不能脱离经络学说的指导。例如针灸治病必先明辨病在何脏何经，然后按照脏腑经络和腧穴的相互关系，采取循经取穴、局部取穴或邻近取穴等方法相互结合而定处方。正如《灵枢·刺节真邪》所说：「用针者，必先察其经络之实虚，切而循之，按而弹之，视其应动者，乃后取之而下之。」就我的经验而言，脱离了经络，开口动手便错。现在常把针灸经络并称，更是说明针灸离不开经络。
经络是内连脏腑、外络肢节，运行气血的通路，腧穴是人体脉气输注于体表的部位。因此，内脏有病通过经络反应到体表穴位L匕来，常表现为压痛反应。
我在临床上，常检查体表穴位的压痛情况，藉以分析内部脏器的病变。一般急性病压痛较显著，慢性病雎痛范围较小。五脏虽位于胸腹，但脉气发于足太阳膀胱经，故五脏俞均在背部，如咳呛病在肺俞、胆囊炎在胆俞，都有按痛，可作辅助诊断之用。
针刺治疗要有一定的感应，称为得气。我认为针刺感应的放散程度是由经络路线及穴位性能来决定的。如手之三阴，从胸走手。内关、少海清热安神，针感向下；中府、列缺凋肺利气，都向下放散。手之三阳，从手走头。合谷能升能散，手法正确，针感可到肩髑，甚至到头颈，曲池走而不守，针感也可向上。足之三阳，从头走足。足三里和胃止痛补气，针感向下可到第二趾；委中清热利湿止痛，感应从』：向足跟，阳陵泉镇痉熄风止痛，针感向下。足之三阴，从足走胸腹。行间、太溪向上放散；尤其是三阴交可放散到腹股沟。获得这些放散感应与经脉走向关系较大。阳经有阳经的传导路线，阴经有阴经的感应方向。但这也不是绝对的，扎针时可以用改变针尖的迎随方向，来改变放散路线。如内关穴属手厥阴经，一般感应是向下放散至中指，但也可运用催气手法，使酸胀感应向上放散，越过肘关节上行，使「气至病所」，能立止心绞痛等胸痛。因此，在临床上除了要熟悉经络循行，还必须掌握操作手法，才能提高疗效。
循经取穴是针灸临床上常用的取穴法，根据「经脉所过，主治所在」的理论，我认为有时循经远取治疗，比局部取穴效果为好。如咽干，取双太溪，用阴刺法，效果明显；胁痛取阳陵泉，胸闷欲呕泻内关、太冲，急性扁桃腺炎刺合谷、少商，均有较好的疗效。这都属于循经远取法。又如手阳明大肠经在面部循行路线由人中而交叉，故口眼歪斜取合谷，右针左，左针右。
经络之中的十二经筋是随着十二经脉分布的，它循行于体表而不入内脏。在瞄床上，我对于经筋之病，常用「以痛为腧」的方法来治疗。如网球肘，是较顽周的常见病症，在检查病人肘部时，可发现一局限的压痛拒按处，就在该点上施以较强的恢刺或合谷刺手法，以泄其邪，然后配以艾灸温针，常能缓筋急而收到较好的疗效。
由此可见，经络学说是非常重要的，早在《灵枳·经脉》中已有记载；「经脉者，所以能决死生，处百病，调虚实，不可不通。」中医各科需要经络学说的指导，针灸临床尤其离不开经络理论。
注重针刺手法
针灸治疗，除诊脉察舌、审证求因外，其疗效与手法关系很大。我对进针手法，主张轻缓，先用左手大拇指爪甲紧切穴位，令气血宣散，然后用右手拇、食二指持针，进针速度很慢，旋转角度要小要缓，缓缓刺入，既可减轻破皮时的痛感，又可不致损伤血管，这样可使初诊慑针病人，乐意接受针刺治疗。但对小儿的进针法就耍因人而异了。由于小儿体小肉薄，又不易取得合作，既不宜用强刺久留之法，亦不宜用慢刺捻旋之法。特选用半刺法，单刺不留，易被小儿接受，临床用之，效果亦佳。
对成人当针刺到真皮层，进入分肉筋骨之间时，就得加强捻旋，适当提插，当针下有沉重感觉，病人亦感胀重酸楚，此为得气；如进针后病者只觉刺痛，医者针下好像刺在豆腐中一样，毫无沉紧之感，此为不得气，就要用候气的方法，使之得气，才能获得疗效。正如《灵枢·九针十二原》所说：「刺之要，气至而有效。」这是很有道理的。我行医六十年，曾编成十句口诀：「针灸疗法，重在得气。得气方法，提插捻旋。提插结合，捻旋相联。指头变化，大同小异。纯杂之后，精神合一。」当然得气感应，每个人或每个穴位，并不完全一样，多数穴位能出现酸胀感，有些穴位则出现胀重感或麻电感。临诊时根据辨证所得，选取穴位，进针后运用适当手法，定能获得良好效果。
至于补渴手法，大都均由提插捻旋组成，再加上快慢疾徐和阴阳左右及数字上的九六等综合而成，运用适当，均有疗效。虚证用补法，实证用泻法，先寒后热用先补后泻法，先热后寒用先泻后补法。如遇剧烈疼痛之症，我常用龙虎交战手法，此为补泻兼施的综合手法，以捻旋为主，结合左转九数，右转六数，反复施行，可疏通经气，舒筋活络，以收止痛之效。
祖国医学认为人在出生以后，主要有赖于脾胃功能的健全，以保证生长发育的需要。「胃主受纳」、「脾主运化」，二者相互配合，消化水谷，吸收精微，以滋养全身组织器官。所以常把脾胃相提并论，称为「生化之源」，「后天之本」。李东垣据此立论，认为「元气之充足，皆由脾胃之气无所伤，而后能滋养元气。若胃气之本弱，饮食自倍，则脾胃之气既伤，而元气亦不能充，而诸病之所由生也。舢胃虚则五脏、六腑、十二经、十五络、四肢皆不得营运之气，而百病生焉。洲至于经论天地之邪气，感则害人五脏六腑，及形气俱虚，乃受外邪。不困虚邪，贼邪不能独伤人。请病从脾胃而生，明矣。」他阐明和发展了「邪之所凑，其气必虚」、「正气存内，邪不可干」的病机。从而提出了「人以胃气为本」、「脾胃一伤，五乱互作」和「病从脾胃所生及养生当实元气」的论点，刨立了「脾胃学说」。主张用升阳益气、培土固本的温补脾胃法为治。升阳益气足以御外而强中，培土固本，可使元气自充而诸恙悉平。所有虚实传变，都应以治脾胃为本。体现了「治病必求于本」的经旨，这是李东垣《脾胃论》的中心思想。
我对李东垣的《脾胃论》较赞同。在临床上，属肠胃消化系统痪患，固应重在调理脾胃，若其它疾患，不论情志佛郁，饮食劳倦，抑或贼风寒邪，暑湿袭扰之症，在辨证施治时，也以脾胃学说为指导，在治法上，注重调理脾胃，结合对症治疗。
Reading extensively and utilizing it for my own purposes is another insight I have gained in my medical career. While apprenticing under a master is indeed the first step into medicine, learning from a teacher is but a brief period in one's life; after completing the apprenticeship, self-study is of paramount importance. When encountering difficult and complex cases in clinical practice, I often find inspiration by reading medical texts. For instance, Li Dongyuan's theory of internal injury (Internal Injury Theory) and his Treatise on the Spleen and Stomach (Pi Wei Lun) greatly assisted my therapeutic techniques. Mr. Li believed that the formation of internal injury results from a deficiency of Qi (Vital Energy) in the human body, fundamentally caused by damage to the Spleen and Stomach. In his *Treatise on the Spleen and Stomach: Discussion on Nine Orifices Discomfort Due to Spleen-Stomach Deficiency*, he stated, "True Qi, also known as Yuan Qi (Original Qi), is the refined essence generated before birth; without Stomach Qi, it cannot be nourished." Acupuncture treatment focuses on regulating Qi; tonifying the Qi of the Spleen and Stomach can often support healthy Qi (Zheng Qi) to expel pathogenic factors. In my clinical practice, when encountering Liver-Stomach Disharmony (Liver-Stomach Disharmony) with chest and epigastric pain and fullness, I needle Zhongwan (CV12, the Front-Mu point of the Stomach). After withdrawing the needle, applying cupping helps to broaden the chest, eliminate palpitations, descend Qi, and harmonize the Stomach. This method is also highly effective for vertigo caused by Deficient Yang disturbing upwards. Furthermore, my understanding of Stroke (Zhong Feng) has deepened over sixty years of clinical practice. During my apprenticeship, my master adhered to the Wind-Stroke theories in the *Inner Canon* (Nei Jing) and *Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold* (Jin Gui Yao Lue), emphasizing Wind Pathogen (Wind Evil) as the cause of disease. This Wind Pathogen naturally refers generally to External Wind and Internal Wind (Internal Wind). Therapeutically, he emphasized the principle of expelling pathogens as primary. At that time, he highly praised Sun Simiao's comprehensive therapy. Sun Simiao said in *Supplement to the Formulas of a Thousand Years: Acupuncture and Moxibustion*: "The way of a good doctor must begin with pulse diagnosis and prescribing herbs, followed immediately by acupuncture and moxibustion. Internal and external support ensures the disease will surely heal. Why? Herbal decoctions attack internally, while acupuncture attacks externally. If one cannot do this, even if there are occasional cures, these are mere coincidences, not true medical skill." Therefore, my master often used acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine simultaneously in clinical practice. In the early stage of stroke treatment, he primarily selected acupoints for calming the Liver, extinguishing Wind, resolving phlegm, and opening the orifices, such as Baihui (GV20), Fengchi (GB20), Lianquan (CV23), Tiantu (CV22), Waiguan (TE5), Hegu (LI4), Zusanli (ST36), Taixi (KI3), and Taichong (LR3). The needling technique involved toning the healthy side and reducing the affected side. He believed the affected side was invaded by Wind Pathogen, with evil lingering in the meridians, causing stagnation of Qi and Blood. Using the reducing method aimed to expel the pathogen. Tonifying the healthy side utilized its strength to promote the circulation of Qi and Blood, embodying the principle of treating the right for left-sided diseases and vice versa. Two weeks after stroke onset, acupuncture treatment focused only on acupoints of the affected limbs. For the upper limbs, points included Jianliao (SI14 - note: text says 'Jian Bang', likely typo for Jian Liao or similar shoulder point, but standard is Jian Liao/San Jiao 14 or Jian Yu LI15. Text says 'Jian Bang', I will translate as written or standard equivalent if clear. 'Jian Bang' is likely a typo for 'Jian Liao' or 'Jian Yu'. Given context, I will use standard terms where possible or transliterate if ambiguous. Let's assume 'Jian Liao' or 'Jian Yu'. Actually, 'Jian Bang' might be a typo for 'Jian Liao'. I will use 'Jian Liao (SI14)' or just 'Jian Liao'. Wait, 'Jian Bang' is not a standard name. It might be 'Jian Yu (LI15)'. Let's stick to the text's intent: Shoulder area. I will translate as 'Shoulder acupoints like Jian Liao (SI14)...' or simply list the names provided if they are typos. 'Jian Bang' -> likely 'Jian Liao'. 'Shao Hai' is HT3. 'Zhong Fu' is LU1. 'Lie Que' is LU7. 'Qu Chi' is LI11. 'Chi Ze' is PC3. 'Huan Tiao' is GB30. 'Feng Shi' is GB31. 'Yang Ling Quan' is GB34. 'Feng Long' is ST40. 'Fei Yang' is BL58. 'Kun Lun' is BL60. 'Tai Chong' is LR3. 'Ming Tian Ma' is Gastrodiae Rhizoma (Tianma). 'Nen Gou Teng' is Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis (Gouteng). 'Chao Fang Feng' is Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng). 'Man Jing Zi' is Viticis Fructus (Manjingzi). 'Nen Sang Zhi' is Mori Ramulus (Sangzhi). 'Luo Shi Teng' is Trachelospermi Caulis (Luoshiteng). 'Zhu Li Ban Xia' is Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum cum Bamboo Juice (Zhuli Banxia). 'Jiu Jie Pu Huang' is likely Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (Puxiao) or similar aromatic herb. 'Guang Yu Jin' is Curcumae Radix (Yujin). 'Zhen Zhu Mu' is Margarita (Zhenzhumu). 'Shi Jue Ming' is Haliotidis Concha (Shijueming). 'Guang Di Long' is Pheretima (Dilong). 'Bai Zi Ren' is Platycladi Semen (Baiziren). 'Zhi Yuan Zhi' is Polygalae Radix (Yuanzhi). 'Bu Yang Huan Wu Tang' is Tonify Yang to Restore Five Decoction. 'Huang Qi' is Astragali Radix (Huangqi). 'Ye Tianshi' is Ye Tianshi. 'Wang Qingren' is Wang Qingren. 'Yi Lin Gai Cuo' is Correction of Errors in Medical Works. 'Bu Yang Huan Wu Tang' is mentioned again. 'San Bu Jiu Hou' is Three Sections and Nine Positions Pulse Diagnosis. 'Fu Chen Chi Shu Xu Shi' are Floating, Deep, Slow, Rapid, Deficient, Excessive pulses. 'You Guan' is Right Guan position. 'Shen Xi Mai' is Deep and Fine pulse. 'Shui Fan Wu Tu' is Water insulting Earth. 'Xie Mu Bu Jin' is Reduce Wood and Tonify Metal. 'She Zhen' is Tongue Tremor. 'Shen Jing Shuai Ruo' is Neurasthenia. 'He Gu Ci' is Hegu Needling Method. 'Hui Ci' is Hui Needling Method. 'Ban Ci' is Half Needling Method. 'Long Hu Jiao Zhan' is Dragon-Tiger Battle Technique. 'Sheng Yang Yi Qi' is Raise Yang and Benefit Qi. 'Pei Tu Gu Ben' is Cultivate Earth and Secure Root. 'Wen Bu Pi Wei' is Warm-tonify Spleen and Stomach.'
Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, apart from pulse diagnosis, tongue inspection, syndrome differentiation, and seeking the cause, has a great relationship with manipulation techniques regarding efficacy. Regarding insertion technique, I advocate for lightness and slowness. First, use the nail of the left thumb to press tightly on the acupoint to disperse Qi and Blood. Then, hold the needle with the thumb and index finger of the right hand. Insert slowly with small and gentle rotation angles. This reduces pain during skin penetration and prevents vascular injury, making patients who are receiving acupuncture for the first time more willing to accept treatment. However, pediatric insertion methods vary by individual. Due to children's small size, thin flesh, and difficulty in cooperation, neither strong stimulation with long retention nor slow twisting/rotating methods are suitable. Specifically, the Half-Needling Method (Ban Ci Fa) is chosen, involving single insertion without retention, which is easily accepted by children and yields good clinical effects.
For adults, when the needle reaches the dermis and enters between muscles, tendons, and bones, twisting and rotating should be intensified, with appropriate lifting and thrusting. When a heavy sensation is felt under the needle, and the patient feels distension, heaviness, soreness, and numbness, this is De Qi (Arrival of Qi); if after insertion the patient only feels stabbing pain, and the practitioner feels no sinking or tightness under the needle (as if piercing tofu), this is lack of De Qi. In such cases, the Waiting-for-Qi method should be used to achieve De Qi to obtain efficacy. As stated in the *Inner Canon: Nine Needles and Twelve Origins*, "The essence of needling is that efficacy occurs when Qi arrives." This is very reasonable. Having practiced medicine for sixty years, I compiled a ten-line mantra: "Acupuncture and moxibustion therapy emphasizes De Qi. Methods for De Qi include lifting, thrusting, twisting, and rotating. Lifting/thrusting combined, twisting/rotating linked. Finger movements are largely similar. After purity and complexity, spirit and unity are achieved." Of course, De Qi sensations vary among individuals and acupoints. Most acupoints produce soreness and distension, while some produce heaviness or electric shock-like sensations. Based on syndrome differentiation, selecting acupoints and applying appropriate manipulation after insertion will definitely yield good results.
Regarding tonification and reduction techniques, they are mostly composed of lifting, thrusting, twisting, and rotating, combined with speed variations (fast/slow), Yin/Yang directions, left/right, and numerical sequences (Nine/Six). When applied appropriately, all are effective. Deficient syndromes use tonification methods; Excess syndromes use reduction methods. Cold followed by heat uses tonify then reduce; Heat followed by cold uses reduce then tonify. For severe pain, I often use the Dragon-Tiger Battle Technique (Long Hu Jiao Zhan), a comprehensive method combining tonification and reduction, primarily based on twisting and rotating, combined with nine rotations to the left and six to the right, repeated repeatedly. This can unblock meridian Qi, relax sinews, activate collaterals, and achieve analgesic effects.
Emphasizing Regulation of Spleen and Stomach
Traditional Chinese Medicine believes that after birth, humans rely mainly on the soundness of Spleen and Stomach functions to ensure growth and development needs. "The Stomach governs reception," "The Spleen governs transportation and transformation." Cooperating with each other, they digest food and drink, absorb essences, and nourish all tissues and organs. Thus, Spleen and Stomach are often discussed together, called the "Source of Production and Transformation" and the "Foundation of Post-Heaven Existence." Li Dongyuan based his theory on this, believing that "Sufficient Yuan Qi depends on undamaged Spleen-Stomach Qi, which then nourishes Yuan Qi. If the root of Stomach Qi is weak, and diet doubles, Spleen-Stomach Qi is damaged, and Yuan Qi cannot be replenished, leading to the generation of various diseases. If Stomach Qi is deficient, the Five Zang Organs, Six Fu Organs, Twelve Meridians, Fifteen Collaterals, and Four Limbs cannot receive circulating Qi, and hundred diseases arise. Regarding the discussion of Heaven and Earth's pathogenic Qi, infection harms the Five Zang and Six Fu Organs. Only when form and Qi are both deficient does external pathogen enter. Without deficiency, false pathogens and thief pathogens cannot harm alone. Clearly, diseases arise from Spleen and Stomach." He elucidated and developed the pathogenesis of "Where evil gathers, Qi must be deficient" and "When healthy Qi exists internally, evil cannot interfere." Thereby proposing the arguments that "Humans take Stomach Qi as the root," "Once Spleen and Stomach are damaged, five disorders interact," and "Diseases arise from Spleen and Stomach, and health preservation should solidify Yuan Qi," establishing the "Spleen-Stomach Theory." He advocated treating with warming and tonifying Spleen-Stomach methods that raise Yang and benefit Qi, cultivate Earth and secure the root. Raising Yang and benefiting Qi is sufficient to defend against external pathogens and strengthen the interior; cultivating Earth and securing the root allows Yuan Qi to fill itself and all ailments to subside. All changes of deficiency and excess should treat the Spleen and Stomach as the root. This embodies the canonical principle of "Treating disease must seek the root," which is the central thought of Li Dongyuan's *Treatise on the Spleen and Stomach*.
I agree with Li Dongyuan's *Treatise on the Spleen and Stomach*. In clinical practice, for gastrointestinal system diseases, emphasis should indeed be placed on regulating the Spleen and Stomach. For other diseases, regardless of emotional depression, dietary fatigue, or invasion by thief wind-cold pathogens and summer-heat dampness, the Spleen-Stomach theory guides syndrome differentiation and treatment. Therapeutically, it emphasizes regulating the Spleen and Stomach, combined with symptomatic treatment.