伤寒热病之由，火先动于火未动之时，水乃亏于水正旺之日。治法以救阴为主，宜清润
也。
汗多，禁利小便；小便多，禁汗。
暑病有二∶曰中，曰伤。中暑者，动而得之，因天时亢热，致伤肺气，非形体受病也。
人参白虎汤主之。伤暑者，当暑之时，为房屋阴寒所迫，周身阳气不得发越，静而得之，非
阴证也。（王胥山曰∶此证是先已微受暑气于内，外又为阴凉之气所抑而成，即欲所谓寒包
暑也。有谓此是直中于寒，与暑证有何干涉者，其说未免有误。）调中益气汤加附子饮之，
退后以清暑益气汤调之。中暑，脉沉洪大，大渴引饮，身热心烦。伤暑，脉沉实，身形拘急
，肢节疼痛，心烦，肌热无汗。初病微恶寒，可表之。
中热、中 者，暑证也，行人劳碌得之。恶热，肌肤大热，大渴引饮，汗泄无气以动，
热伤肺气，白虎汤加生脉散主之。
燥热之病有似热证，胃气不行，内无津液而干涸、求汤饮以自救，非渴也，乃口干，舌
虽干而舌根多润，欲饮而饮汤不多，脉豁大无力。燥甚者，亦郑声而不谵语，此血枯之证也
。宜黄 当归汤主之，服白虎汤、五苓散则死矣。
验案
一人年十七，初秋病身热如火，至六日郑语不止，寻衣撮空，昏不识人，泻利日三、四
十次，目开不眠。用甘草四钱，归身三钱，麦冬五钱饮之，目稍合，脉之豁大者稍敛，重用
生地黄、白芍、归身、麦冬、五味子、甘草，然后神清泻止，调理而愈。此真象白虎汤之燥
病也。其泄泻者，肾燥也。故以生地黄涩之。
伤寒热病的发生，是因为在“火”气尚未亢盛之前，体内的“水”（肾阴）就已经亏损；或者说在水气正当旺盛之时，反而出现了亏虚。治疗原则以救补阴液为主，适宜采用清润的方法。
暑病分为两种：一种是“中”，即中暑；另一种是“伤”，即伤暑。中暑是由于人在活动时感受外界酷热天气所致，导致肺气受损，这并非形体直接受邪致病。主要用人参白虎汤治疗。伤暑是在暑天时节，因身处房屋阴凉寒冷之处，致使周身阳气不能发散透达，属于静坐或休息时得病，但这并不是阴寒证。（王胥山说：这种病症是先在内里微微感受暑气，外边又被阴凉之气所遏制而形成的，也就是所谓的“寒包暑”。有人说这是寒气直中脏腑，与暑证有什么关系呢？这种说法未免有误。）治疗用调中益气汤加入附子饮用，退热后再用清暑益气汤调理。中暑的症状是：脉象沉洪大，极度口渴想喝水，身体发热，心烦意乱。伤暑的症状是：脉象沉实，身体拘紧不舒，肢节疼痛，心烦，肌肤发热但无汗。初起时有轻微恶寒，可以用解表法治疗。
中热、中暍（中暑），属于暑证，多由行路劳碌之人得之。症状为怕热，肌肤非常热，极度口渴想喝水，出汗后气息微弱无力，这是因为热邪伤了肺气，用人参白虎汤合生脉散治疗。
燥热之病看起来像热证，但胃气运行不畅，体内没有津液而干枯，病人寻求汤水来自救，这并不是真正的口渴，而是口干。虽然舌头干燥，但舌根部大多湿润，想喝水但喝下去不多，脉象豁大且无力。燥邪严重的，也会出现语言重复低微（郑声）但不胡言乱语（谵语）的情况，这是血枯的证候。适宜用黄耆当归汤治疗，如果服用白虎汤或五苓散会导致死亡。
验案
有一个十七岁的年轻人，初秋时节生病，身体发热如火，到了第六天仍不停地说胡话，手在空中摸索抓物，昏迷不认识人，腹泻每天三四十次，眼睛睁着无法入睡。医生用甘草四钱，当归身三钱，麦冬五钱煎服，患者眼睛稍微闭合，原本豁大的脉象稍收敛。随后重用生地黄、白芍、当归身、麦冬、五味子、甘草，之后神志清醒，腹泻停止，经过调理痊愈。这是典型的类似白虎汤证的燥病。他的泄泻，是因为肾燥所致。所以用生地黄来固涩。
The origin of cold damage and heat diseases lies in the fact that "fire" (pathogenic heat) moves before it fully arises, while "water" (Kidney Yin) is depleted on days when water energy should be at its peak. The treatment principle focuses on rescuing Yin fluids, employing clearing and moistening methods.
When sweating is excessive, diuresis is contraindicated; when urination is excessive, diaphoresis (sweating therapy) is contraindicated.
There are two types of summerheat disease: one is "Zhong" (smitten), i.e., heatstroke; the other is "Shang" (injured), i.e., injury by summerheat. Heatstroke occurs during physical activity due to extreme weather heat, damaging Lung Qi; it is not a disease caused by direct pathogenic invasion of the body form. It is primarily treated with Renshen Baihu Tang (Ginseng and White Tiger Decoction). Injury by summerheat occurs during the summer season when one is confined in cool or cold indoor environments, preventing the dispersion of Yang Qi throughout the body; it is contracted during rest or stillness and is not a Yin-cold syndrome. (Wang Xushan stated: This condition arises from internal slight accumulation of summerheat qi, suppressed externally by cool and yin air, which is what is meant by "cold wrapping summerheat." Some claim this is direct transmission of cold, having no relation to summerheat syndromes; this view is erroneous.) It is treated with Tiaozhong Yiqi Tang (Regulate Middle and Boost Qi Decoction) added with Fuzi (Aconite Root), and after the fever subsides, Qingxu Yiqi Tang (Clear Summerheat and Boost Qi Decoction) is used for regulation. Symptoms of heatstroke include a pulse that is deep, surging, and large; extreme thirst with desire to drink; body heat; and irritability. Symptoms of injury by summerheat include a deep and solid pulse; bodily stiffness and discomfort; pain in limbs and joints; irritability; skin heat without sweat. In the early stage, there may be slight aversion to cold, which can be treated with exterior-releasing methods.
Zhongre (Smitten by Heat) and Zhongyue (Smitten by Summerheat) are summerheat syndromes, often contracted by those who travel and labor. Symptoms include aversion to heat, intense skin heat, extreme thirst with desire to drink, profuse sweating leading to Qi deficiency and weakness in movement, as heat damages Lung Qi. It is treated with Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) combined with Shengmai San (Generate Pulse Powder).
Diseases of dryness-heat resemble heat syndromes but involve impaired Stomach Qi movement. There is a lack of Jin-Ye (body fluids) internally, leading to dryness and desiccation. Patients seek soup or water to save themselves, but this is not true thirst; rather, it is dry mouth. Although the tongue is dry, the root of the tongue remains moist. The patient desires to drink but consumes little. The pulse is hollow, large, and weak. In severe dryness cases, patients may exhibit Zhengsheng (repetitive, low-pitched muttering) without Zhanyu (delirious speech); this is a syndrome of Blood depletion. Huangqi Danggui Tang (Astragalus and Angelica Decoction) is appropriate. Administering Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) or Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) would be fatal.
Case Record
A seventeen-year-old male fell ill in early autumn with body heat resembling fire. By the sixth day, he continued delirious speech, picking at empty air, was unconscious and unrecognizable, suffered diarrhea thirty to forty times daily, and kept his eyes open unable to sleep. He was administered Gancao (Licorice Root) 4 qian, Dangguishen (Angelica Sinensis Root Heart) 3 qian, and Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber) 5 qian as a decoction. His eyes closed slightly, and the previously hollow-large pulse became somewhat restrained. Subsequently, heavy doses of Shengdihuang (Rehmannia Root Preparata), Baishao (White Peony Root), Dangguishen (Angelica Sinensis Root Heart), Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber), Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit), and Gancao (Licorice Root) were used. Afterwards, his spirit cleared, diarrhea ceased, and he recovered through conditioning. This was a true case of dryness disease resembling the Baihu Tang syndrome. His diarrhea resulted from Kidney dryness. Therefore, Shengdihuang (Rehmannia Root Preparata) was used to astringe.