中暑论曰∶暑乃夏月炎暑也，盛热之气着人也，有冒、有伤、有中，三者有轻重之分，虚实之辨，或腹痛水泻者，
胃
与大肠受之，恶心者，胃口有痰饮也，此二者冒暑也。可用黄连香薷饮、清暑益气汤，盖黄连退暑热，香薷消
畜水。或身热头疼，躁乱不宁者，或身如针刺者，此为热伤在肉分也。当以解毒汤、白虎汤加柴胡。如气虚者，加人参，
此
为伤暑。或咳嗽发寒热，盗汗出不止。脉数者，热在肺经，用清肺汤，柴胡汤、天水散之类，急治则可，迟则
不救，盛火乘金也，此为中暑。凡治病须要明白辨别，慎勿混同施治，春秋间亦或有之，切莫执一，随病处方为妙。
按∶暑病原有轻重，分伤冒中三款是已。但凡感暑而病者，皆从冒火而得，总谓之伤暑，其感火多而热重者，乃为
中暑。以内外诸杂证分属五脏，犹为近理，至以五脏分属冒伤中三者，则误矣。其内外诸杂证，即有重轻，均
从脏腑而发，若以分属之三证，岂不泥且左矣。名家亦有此误，又何以破后人之迷也？
丹溪曰∶若暑之时，无病之人，或避暑热，纳凉于深堂大厦，凉台冷馆，大扇风车得之者，是静而得之阴证也。其
病必
头痛恶寒，身形拘急，肢节疼痛而心烦，肌肤大热，无汗，此为阴寒所遏，使周身阳气不得伸越。宜用辛温
之剂，以解表散寒，用浓朴、紫苏、干葛、藿香、羌活、苍术之类。若外既受寒，内复伤冰水生冷瓜果之类，前药再加
干
姜、缩砂、神曲之类，此皆非治暑也，治因暑而致之病也。
按∶静动而得，分中暑伤暑，此论出自张洁古，后皆因之。天盛暑之时，炎火若炙，无之非是，故古人闻避暑而未
闻避
寒，深堂广厦，正以避暑，安得入而中之？且房室阴凉，正可护卫阳气，又安得而遏伤之乎？即膏粱深处，
必不能无冒暑，应接其伤暑者，亦于动中得之耳。老子曰∶人能常清静，天地尽皆归。一静即可祛暑，从何而中也？至
于冰
水瓜果等寒物，多食自伤脾胃，亦生杂证，谓泻痢杂证，内有此物积聚则可，谓专以此致暑病则不可，若执口得寒物
，身犯寒气，同冬时寒病治之，则谬以千里矣！
霖按∶洁古论暴以动静分阴阳，甚属不经，致启后人訾议，然亦出诸不得已也。何以言之，夫暑字从日，云暑而不
云火，其义可思，盖天日之阳热，蒸地气以上腾，人在气交中，感之者为病暑。《素问·五营运大论》，谓暑以
蒸之，《礼记·月令》，谓土润溽暑者是也。夏至阴生，人身所伏者阴气，暑在六气，属之君火，在脏属心，在
卦属离，且离火中虚，则暑为阳热中含阴象可征，是以仲景治 ，三法鼎峙，洁古犹恐世医不明其义，故设阴暑
阳暑之名以辨治。丹溪引伸洁古之意，故曰此非治暑也，治因暑天所致之病也。何等晓畅，初不料遗讥于后世也。
夫洁古所谓动而得之为阳暑者，是言藜藿之人，或奔走长途，或戮力田间，暴中天日之热为阳暑，乃动中之动也。
所谓静而得之为阴暑者，是言膏粱之人，广厦风车，恣欲无度，致损真阳，阴湿内伏，寒热外袭为阴暑，乃静中之
动也。若果清静无为，真气内守，百邪亦不能侵，岂独一暑病哉！
中暑论说：暑是夏季的炎热之气，是盛热之气侵袭人体所致。分为冒暑、伤暑、中暑三种，这三者有轻重之分，也有虚实的辨别。如果出现腹痛水样腹泻，是胃与大肠受邪；出现恶心，是胃口有痰饮。这两种情况属于冒暑。可以使用黄连香薷饮、清暑益气汤，因为黄连能退暑热，香薷能消除体内蓄积的水湿。如果身体发热、头痛、烦躁不安，或者身体感觉像针刺一样疼痛，这是热邪伤害在肌肉腠理之间。应当使用解毒汤、白虎汤加柴胡。如果是气虚的人，加入人参，这属于伤暑。如果出现咳嗽、寒热往来、盗汗不止、脉数，这是热邪在肺经，使用清肺汤、柴胡汤、天水散之类的方剂，急治可以痊愈，迟治则无法挽救，这是因为盛火克制肺金（火克金），这属于中暑。凡是治病必须明白辨别，千万不要混淆施治。春秋季节也可能发生，切忌固执一端，根据病情灵活处方才是妙法。
按语说：暑病本来就有轻重之分，分为冒、伤、中三款是正确的。但是凡是感受暑邪而生病的，都是从感受火热之邪而来，总称为伤暑。其中感受火热多且热势重的，才称为中暑。将内外各种杂证归属于五脏，还算接近事理；至于用五脏来分别归属冒、伤、中三者，那就错了。那些内外杂证，虽然有轻重之分，都从脏腑发出，如果用这三种证候来分别归属，岂不是拘泥且偏颇了吗？名家也有这种错误，又怎么能破除后人的迷惑呢？
丹溪说：在暑热之时，没有生病的人，为了避暑热，在深堂大厦、凉台冷馆中纳凉，或者使用大扇风车导致发病的，这是静而得之的阴证。其病症必定是头痛、恶寒、身体拘紧急迫、肢节疼痛而心烦、肌肤大热、无汗，这是因为阴寒所遏制，使周身阳气不能伸展透发。适宜使用辛温的药剂，以解表散寒，使用浓朴、紫苏、干葛、藿香、羌活、苍术之类的药物。如果外边既受了寒，内部又损伤了冰水、生冷瓜果等食物，前面的药方再加干姜、缩砂、神曲之类的药物。这些都不是治疗暑病本身，而是治疗因暑天引发的疾病。
按语说：通过静和动来区分中暑和伤暑，这种理论出自张洁古，后来的人都沿袭了这个说法。在盛夏酷暑之时，炎火如同炙烤，无处不是如此，所以古人只听说避暑，没听说过避寒，深堂广厦正是用来避暑的，怎么进去反而会被邪气入侵呢？而且房室阴凉，正可以护卫阳气，怎么会受到遏制伤害呢？即使在富贵人家深处，也难免会冒受暑邪，应该接触的是伤暑患者，这也是在运动中得的。老子说：“人若能常保持清静，天地万物都会归附。”只要保持清静就可以祛除暑邪，从哪里谈得上被邪气入侵呢？至于冰水、瓜果等寒物，多吃自然会损伤脾胃，也会产生杂证，说是泻痢杂证中有这些食物积聚是可以的，但说是专门因为这些导致暑病就不对了。如果执着于口吃寒物、身犯寒气，就按照冬天的寒病来治疗，那就谬以千里了！
霖按语说：洁古论述突然发病以动静来分阴阳，非常不恰当，导致了后人的非议，但这也是出于不得已。为什么这么说呢？“暑”字从日，说暑而不说火，其中的含义值得思考。大概是天上的太阳阳热，蒸腾地气上升，人在气交之中，感受它而生病叫暑病。《素问·五营运大论》说暑是蒸腾而成的，《礼记·月令》说土润溽暑就是这种情况。夏至时阴气开始生长，人体所伏藏的也是阴气。暑在六气中，归属于君火，在脏归属于心，在卦象归属于离卦。而且离卦中间是虚的，那么暑作为阳热中包含阴象是可以验证的。所以张仲景治疗暑病，三法并立，洁古恐怕世间的医生不明白其中的义理，所以设立阴暑、阳暑的名称来辨别治疗。丹溪引申洁古的意思，所以说“这不是治疗暑病，而是治疗因暑天所致之病”。何等通晓畅达，起初没想到会遗留给后世讥讽。
所谓洁古说的“动而得之为阳暑”，是指普通百姓，或者奔走长途，或者用力田间劳作，突然遭受中天日之热，这叫阳暑，是动中的动。所谓“静而得之为阴暑”，是指富贵之人，住在广厦中使用风车，纵欲无度，导致真阳受损，阴湿内伏，寒邪外袭，这叫阴暑，是静中的动。如果真的清静无为，真气内守，百种邪气也不能侵犯，哪里只是暑病这一种呢！
The Treatise on Heatstroke states: Shu (Summerheat) is the scorching heat of summer, a pathogenic factor of intense heat invading the human body. It is categorized into three types: Mao (Superficial Exposure), Shang (Injury), and Zhong (Stroke/Severe Attack). These three types differ in severity and can be distinguished by deficiency or excess patterns. If abdominal pain and watery diarrhea occur, it indicates that the Stomach and Large Intestine are affected; if nausea occurs, it indicates phlegm-fluid retention at the stomach opening. These two conditions belong to Mao Shu (Superficial Summerheat). Huanglian Xiangru Yin (Coptis and Elsholtzia Decoction) or Qingshu Yiqi Tang (Clear Summerheat and Boost Qi Decoction) may be used, as Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) clears summerheat-heat, and Xiangru (Moslae Herba) resolves retained water-dampness. If there is fever, headache, restlessness, or a sensation like needle pricks in the body, this indicates heat injuring the muscle layer (Roufen). Jiedu Tang (Detoxification Decoction) or Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) with Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) should be used. For those with Qi deficiency, Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) is added; this constitutes Shang Shu (Summerheat Injury). If cough, alternating chills and fever, night sweats that do not stop, and a rapid pulse occur, this indicates heat in the Lung Meridian. Qingfei Tang (Clear Lung Decoction), Chaihu Tang (Bupleuri Decoction), or Tiansan San (Heavenly Water Powder) and similar formulas should be used. Prompt treatment leads to recovery, while delayed treatment is incurable, because excessive Fire overacts on Metal (Lung); this constitutes Zhong Shu (Summerheat Stroke). In treating diseases, one must clearly differentiate and distinguish, never confusing them for treatment. They may also occur during spring and autumn; one must not adhere rigidly to one pattern but prescribe according to the specific condition.
Commentary: Summerheat disease inherently has degrees of severity, so dividing it into Mao, Shang, and Zhong is correct. However, all illnesses caused by contracting summerheat stem from contracting fire-heat and are collectively termed Shang Shu. Only when the contraction of fire is heavy and the heat is severe is it called Zhong Shu. Assigning various internal and external miscellaneous syndromes to the Five Zang Organs is reasonable. However, assigning the Three Types (Mao, Shang, Zhong) to the Five Zang Organs is erroneous. Although these miscellaneous syndromes have degrees of severity, they all originate from the Zang-Fu organs. To assign these three syndromes specifically would be rigid and biased. Even renowned physicians have made this error; how then can they dispel the confusion of later generations?
Danyu stated: During the time of summerheat, healthy individuals who seek relief from the heat by staying in deep halls, large mansions, cool terraces, or cold pavilions, or by using large fans and wind-charts, contract illness through stillness. This is a Yin syndrome obtained through stillness. The symptoms necessarily include headache, aversion to cold, stiffness and rigidity of the body, pain in the limbs and joints, irritability, high skin temperature, and absence of sweating. This is because Yin-cold constrains the body, preventing the Yang Qi of the whole body from extending and venting. It is appropriate to use acrid-warm agents to release the exterior and disperse cold, such as Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Zisu (Perillae Folium), Genge (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Huoxiang (Agastaches Herba), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), and Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma). If there is external cold contraction combined with internal injury from ice water, raw fruits, and vegetables, add Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Suosha (Amomi Fructus Rotundus), and Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata) to the previous formula. These are not treatments for Summerheat itself, but treatments for diseases caused by the summer season.
Commentary: Distinguishing Zhong Shu and Shang Shu by stillness and movement originates from Zhang Jiegu, and later generations followed this theory. In the height of summer, the blazing sun is like roasting, everywhere being thus. Therefore, ancients spoke of avoiding summerheat but did not speak of avoiding cold. Deep halls and large mansions were indeed for avoiding summerheat; how could entering them lead to invasion by pathogens? Moreover, cool rooms protect Yang Qi; how could they constrain and injure it? Even in the depths of wealthy households, one inevitably encounters summerheat. One should interact with those suffering from Shang Shu, which is contracted through movement. Laozi said: "If man can maintain constant clarity and stillness, Heaven and Earth will return to him." One stillness can dispel summerheat; from where does the invasion come? As for ice water and fruits, consuming too many naturally damages the Spleen and Stomach and generates miscellaneous syndromes. It is acceptable to say that dysentery and miscellaneous syndromes involve the accumulation of these foods, but it is incorrect to say they specifically cause summerheat disease. If one insists that oral intake of cold substances and physical exposure to cold should be treated like winter cold diseases, the error would be thousands of miles off.
Lin commented: Jiegu’s discussion of sudden onset distinguishing Yin and Yang by stillness and movement is highly inappropriate and has provoked criticism from later generations, yet it was done out of necessity. Why? The character "Shu" contains "Sun" (Day). Saying Shu rather than Fire invites reflection. It implies that the Yang heat of the heavenly sun steams the earth's Qi upward. Humans exist in the intersection of these Qi; contracting it causes Summerheat disease. The *Suwen: Wuyun Liuda Lun* states that Summerheat is steaming; the *Liji: Yue Ling* describes "moist and muggy heat" as an example. At the Summer Solstice, Yin Qi begins to grow. The Yin Qi latent in the human body corresponds to this. Summerheat belongs to Junhuo (Ministerial Fire) among the Six Qi, corresponds to the Heart among the Zang Organs, and corresponds to the Li Trigram among the Eight Trigrams. Since the Li Trigram is hollow in the middle, Summerheat, though Yang-heat, contains Yin characteristics, which can be verified. Therefore, Zhang Zhongjing established three methods for treating Summerheat, standing together. Jiegu feared that physicians of his time did not understand this principle, so he established the names Yin Shu and Yang Shu to differentiate treatment. Danyu extended Jiegu’s meaning, stating, "This is not treating Summerheat, but treating diseases caused by the summer season." How clear and thorough! Initially, he did not expect to be criticized by later generations.
What Jiegu called "Yang Shu obtained through movement" refers to common people who run long distances or labor in fields, suddenly exposed to the midday sun. This is Yang Shu, representing movement within movement. What he called "Yin Shu obtained through stillness" refers to wealthy individuals living in large mansions using fans, indulging excessively, damaging their True Yang, causing Yin-dampness to accumulate internally and Cold to attack externally. This is Yin Shu, representing movement within stillness. If one truly practices non-action and maintains inner Truth-Qi, no pathogen can invade, let alone just Summerheat disease.