（凡五类）
仲景曰∶人体平和，唯须好将养，勿妄服药。药势偏有所助，令人脏气不平，易受外患
。夫含气之类，未有不资食以存生，而不知食之有成败，百姓日用而不知，水火至近而难识，
余
《河东卫汛记》曰∶扁鹊云；人之所根据者，形也。乱于和气者，病也。理于烦毒者，药
也。济命抚危者，医也。安身之本，必资于食。救疾之速，必凭于药。不知食宜者，不足以
存生也。不明药忌者，不能以除病也。是故食能排邪而安脏腑，悦神爽志以资血气。若能用
食平 释情遣疾者，可谓良工。长年饵老之奇法，极养生之术也。夫为医者，当须先洞晓病
源，知其所犯，以食治之。食疗不愈，然后命药。药性刚烈，犹若御兵。兵之猛暴，岂容妄
发，发用乖宜，损伤处众。药之投疾，殃滥亦然。高平王熙称∶食不欲杂，杂则或有所犯，
有所犯者，或有所伤，或当时虽无灾苦，积久为人作患。又食啖 肴，务令简少。鱼肉果实
取益人者，而食之。凡常饮食，每令节俭。若贪味多餐，临盘大饱，食讫觉腹中膨胀短气，
或至暴疾，仍为霍乱。又夏至以后迄至秋分，必须慎肥腻饼 酥油之属，此物与酒浆、瓜果
理极相妨。夫在身所以多疾者，皆因春夏取冷太过，饮食不节故也。又鱼 诸腥冷之物，多
损于人，断之益善。乳酪酥等常食之，令人有筋力胆干，肌体润泽。卒多食之，亦令胪胀泄
利，渐渐自已。
黄帝曰∶五味入于口，各有所走，各有所病。酸走筋，多食酸令人癃，不知何以然？少
俞曰∶酸入胃也，其气涩以收也。上走两焦，两焦之气涩，不能出入，不出即流于胃中，胃
中和温，即下注膀胱，膀胱走胞，胞薄以软，得酸则缩卷，约而不通，水道不利，故癃也。
阴者积（一
咸走血，多食咸令人渴，何也？答曰∶咸入胃也，其气走中焦，注于诸脉。脉者血之所
走也，与咸相得即血凝，凝则胃中汁泣，汁泣则胃中干渴。（《甲乙》云∶凝则胃中汁注之，
注之则胃中竭。）渴则咽路焦，焦故舌干喜渴。血脉者中焦之道也。故咸入胃走于血。（皇甫
士安云∶肾合三焦之脉，虽属肝心，而为中焦之道，故咸入而走血也。）
辛走气，多食辛令人愠心，何也？答曰∶辛入胃也。其气走于上焦，上焦者受使诸气，
而荣诸阳者也。姜韭之气熏至荣卫，不时受之，却溜于心下，故愠愠痛也。辛味与气俱行，
故辛入胃而走气，与气俱出，故气盛也。
苦走骨，多食苦令人变呕，何也？答曰∶苦入胃也，其气燥而涌泄，五谷之气皆不胜苦
。苦入下脘，下脘者三焦之道，皆闭则不通，不通故气变呕也。齿者骨之所终也，故苦入胃
而走骨，入而复出。齿必黧疏。（皇甫士安云∶水火相济，故骨气通于心。）
甘走肉，多食甘令人恶心，何也？答曰∶甘入胃也，甘气弱劣，不能上进于上焦，而与
谷俱留于胃中，甘入则柔缓，柔缓则蛔动，蛔动则令人恶心。甘气外通于肉，故甘走肉，则
肉多粟起而胝。（皇甫士安云∶其气外通于皮，故曰甘入走皮矣。皮者肉之盖，皮虽属肺，
与肉连体，故甘润肌肉并于皮也。）
黄帝问曰∶谷之五味所主，可得闻乎？伯高对曰∶夫食风者则有灵而轻举，食气者则和
静而延寿，食谷者则有智而劳神，食草者则愚痴而多力，食肉者则勇猛而多嗔。是以肝木青
色宜酸，心火赤色宜苦，脾土黄色宜甘，肺金白色宜辛，肾水黑色宜咸。内为五脏，外主五
行，色配五方。
五脏所合法∶肝合筋，其荣爪。心合脉，其荣色。脾合肉，其荣唇。肺合皮，其荣毛
。肾合骨，其荣发。
五脏不可食忌法∶多食酸则皮槁而毛夭，多食苦则筋缩而爪枯，多食甘则骨痛也发落，
多食辛则肉胝而唇寒，多食咸则脉凝泣而色变。
五脏所宜食法∶肝病则食麻、犬肉、李、韭。心病宜食麦、羊肉、杏、薤。脾病宜食稗
米、
问》云∶肝色青宜食甘，粳米，牛肉、枣、葵皆甘。心色赤宜食酸，小豆，犬肉、李、韭皆
酸。肺色白宜食苦，麦、羊肉、杏、薤皆苦。脾色黄宜食咸，大豆、豕肉、栗、藿皆咸。
肾色黑宜食辛，黄黍、鸡肉、桃、葱皆辛。）
五味动病法∶酸走筋，筋病勿多食酸。苦走骨，骨病勿多食苦。甘走肉，肉病勿多食甘
。辛走气，气病勿多食辛。咸走血，血病勿多食咸。
五味所配方∶
米饭甘（《素问》云∶粳米甘） 麻酸（《素问》云∶小豆酸） 大豆咸 麦苦 桃辛 枣
甘李酸 栗咸 杏苦 黄黍辛 葵甘 韭酸 藿咸 薤苦 葱辛 牛甘 犬酸 豕咸 羊
苦鸡辛。
五脏病五味对治法∶肝苦急，急食甘以缓之。肝欲散，急食辛以散之，用酸泻之，禁当
风。心苦缓，急食酸以收之。心欲软，急食咸以软之，用甘泻之，禁温食、浓衣。脾苦湿，
急食苦以燥之。脾欲缓，急食甘以缓之，用苦泻之，禁温食饱食，湿地濡衣。肺苦气上逆息
者，急食苦以泻之。肺欲收，急食酸以收之，用辛泻之，禁无寒饮食、寒衣。肾苦燥，急食
辛以润之，开腠理，润致津液通气也。肾欲坚，急食苦以结之，用咸泻之，无犯 HT ，
无热衣、温食。是以毒药攻邪，五谷为养，五肉为益，五果为助，五菜为充。精以食气，气
养精以荣色。形以食味，味养形以生力。此之谓也。神藏有五，五五二十五种。形藏有四方、
四时、四季、四肢。共为五九四十五，以此辅神，可长生、久视也。精顺五气以为灵也，若
食气相恶，则伤精也。形受味以成也，若食味不调，则损形也。是以圣人先用食禁以存性，
后制药以防命也。故形不足者温之以气，精不足者补之以味，气味温补以存形精。岐伯曰∶
阳为气，阴为味，味归形，形归气，气归精，精归化，精食气，形食味，化生精，气生形。
味伤形，气伤精。精化为气，气伤于味。阴味出下窍，阳气出上窍。味浓者为阴，味薄者为
阴之阳。气浓者为阳，气薄者为阳之阴。味浓则泄，薄则通流。气薄则发泄，浓则闭塞。壮
火之气衰，少火之气壮。壮火食气，气食少火。壮火散气，少火生气。味辛甘发散为阳，酸
苦涌泄为阴。阴胜则阳病，阳盛则阴病。阴阳调和，则平安。春七十二日省酸增甘以养脾气，
夏七十二日省苦增辛以养肺气，秋七十二日省辛增酸以养肝气，冬七十二日省咸增苦以养心
气，季月各十八日省甘增咸以养肾气。
（共分为五类）
张仲景说：人体处于平和状态时，只需要好好调养，不要胡乱服药。药物的偏性会助长某种势力，导致脏腑之气不平衡，从而容易遭受外邪侵害。凡是含有生命气息的生物，没有不依靠食物来维持生存的，但人们不知道饮食也有成败之分。百姓日常使用却并不知晓，这就像水火就在身边却难以辨识一样。
我在《河东卫汛记》中记载：扁鹊说：“人赖以生存的是形体。扰乱体内和谐之气的是疾病。消除烦热毒邪的是药物。挽救生命、抚平危局的是医生。”安身立命的根本，必须依赖食物。救治疾病的迅速手段，必须凭借药物。不懂得饮食适宜原则的人，不足以保全生命。不明白药物禁忌的人，不能去除疾病。因此，食物能够排除邪气而安定脏腑，使精神愉悦、志意清爽以资助气血。如果能用食物平息病情、疏导情志、遣除疾病，可以称为高明的医生。这是延年益寿的奇特方法，也是养生的极致技艺。作为医生，应当首先透彻了解病因，知道病邪所犯之处，先用食物治疗。如果食疗无效，然后再命令用药。药性刚烈，就像统率军队一样。军队的猛烈暴戾，怎么可以随意发动？如果用药不当，就会损伤众人。药物作用于疾病，造成的祸害泛滥也是如此。
高平王熙说：“饮食不要混杂，混杂了就可能触犯禁忌。一旦触犯禁忌，或者造成损伤，或者当时虽然没有灾祸痛苦，但积累久了会成为隐患。”另外，进食菜肴，务必力求简单少量。鱼肉果实选取有益人体的食用。平常的饮食，每餐都要节俭。如果贪图美味多吃，面对满桌饭菜吃得过饱，吃完后觉得腹部胀满、呼吸短促，甚至突发急病，变成霍乱。又比如夏至以后直到秋分，必须谨慎食用肥腻、饼饵、酥油这类食物，这些东西与酒浆、瓜果在性质上极不相容。人在身上之所以多病，都是因为春夏时节贪凉太过，饮食没有节制造成的。另外，鱼腥等生冷之物，大多对人有害，戒除它们益处更大。乳酪酥等经常食用，能让人筋骨有力，肌肤润泽。但如果突然大量食用，也会导致腹部胀满、腹泻，慢慢自然会停止。
黄帝说：“五味进入口中，各自走向不同的部位，也各自引起不同的病变。酸味走筋，多吃酸味会让人小便不通利，为什么呢？”少俞回答说：“酸味进入胃中，它的气机涩滞而收敛。向上走到两焦（上焦和中焦），两焦的气机涩滞，不能出入，出不去就流注到胃中，胃中温和，于是向下注入膀胱，膀胱通向胞宫（此处指泌尿生殖系统相关部位），胞壁薄且软，遇到酸味就会收缩卷曲，约束而不通畅，水道不利，所以出现小便不通利的症状。”
咸味走血，多吃咸味会让人口渴，为什么呢？回答是：“咸味进入胃中，它的气机走向中焦，注入各种血脉。脉是血液运行的通道，血液与咸味相合则血液凝滞，凝滞则胃中的津液枯竭，津液枯竭则胃中干渴。（《甲乙经》说：凝滞则胃中津液灌注不足，灌注不足则胃中枯竭。）口渴则咽喉道路焦枯，焦枯故舌干喜欢喝水。血脉是中焦的通道。所以咸味进入胃中走向血液。（皇甫士安说：肾合三焦之脉，虽然属于肝心，但是中焦的通道，所以咸味进入而走血。）”
辛味走气，多吃辛味让人心中郁闷不适，为什么呢？回答是：“辛味进入胃中。它的气机走上焦，上焦接受并输布各种气，以滋养诸阳经。姜、韭的气味熏蒸至营卫之气，如果不及时受纳，反而流注于心下，所以感到心中郁闷疼痛。辛味与气一起运行，所以辛味进入胃中走向气，与气一起外出，所以气盛。”
苦味走骨，多吃苦味让人呕吐，为什么呢？回答是：“苦味进入胃中，它的气机燥烈而涌泄，五谷之气都抵挡不住苦味。苦味进入下脘，下脘是三焦的通道，如果闭塞就不通，不通则气机变化而呕吐。牙齿是骨的终点，所以苦味进入胃中走向骨，进入后又复出。牙齿必定变得黑疏。（皇甫士安说：水火相济，所以骨气通于心。）”
甘味走肉，多吃甘味让人恶心，为什么呢？回答是：“甘味进入胃中，甘气弱劣，不能上进到上焦，而是与谷食一起留在胃中，甘味进入则使肌肉柔缓，柔缓则蛔虫蠕动，蛔虫蠕动则让人恶心。甘气向外通达于肉，所以甘味走肉，则肉多粟起而形成老茧。（皇甫士安说：它的气向外通达于皮，所以说甘入走皮。皮是肉的覆盖，皮虽然属肺，但与肉连体，所以甘润肌肉并与皮相连。）”
黄帝问：“五谷的五味主治功效，可以听我说说吗？”伯高回答说：“吃风气的则有灵性而轻举，吃元气的则和静而长寿，吃谷物的则有智慧而劳神，吃草食的则愚痴而多力，吃肉食的呢则勇猛而多怒。因此，肝属木，青色，宜食酸；心属火，赤色，宜食苦；脾属土，黄色，宜食甘；肺属金，白色，宜食辛；肾属水，黑色，宜食咸。内为五脏，外主五行，颜色配合五方。”
五脏所合关系：肝合筋，其华在爪。心合脉，其华在面色。脾合肉，其华在唇。肺合皮，其华在毛。肾合骨，其华在发。
五脏不宜多食的原则：多吃酸则皮肤干枯而毛发早衰，多吃苦则筋脉拘挛而指甲枯槁，多吃甘则骨头痛而头发脱落，多吃辛则肌肉生茧而嘴唇寒冷，多吃咸则血脉凝滞而面色改变。
五脏适宜食用的方法：肝病则吃麻、犬肉、李子、韭菜。心病宜吃小麦、羊肉、杏子、薤白。脾病宜吃稗米、……（此处原文有缺漏或排版错误，接下文引用）
《问》中说：“肝色青宜食甘，粳米、牛肉、枣、葵菜皆甘。心色赤宜食酸，小豆、犬肉、李子、韭菜皆酸。肺色白宜食苦，小麦、羊肉、杏子、薤白皆苦。脾色黄宜食咸，大豆、猪肉、栗子、藿叶皆咸。肾色黑宜食辛，黄黍、鸡肉、桃子、葱皆辛。”
五味引发疾病的方法：酸走筋，筋病不要多吃酸。苦走骨，骨病不要多吃苦。甘走肉，肉病不要多吃甘。辛走气，气病不要多吃辛。咸走血，血病不要多吃咸。
五味所对应的配方：
米饭甘（《素问》说：粳米甘） 麻酸（《素问》说：小豆酸） 大豆咸 麦苦 桃辛 枣甘 李酸 栗咸 杏苦 黄黍辛 葵甘 韭酸 藿咸 薤苦 葱辛 牛甘 犬酸 豕咸 羊苦 鸡辛。
五脏病的五味对治法：肝苦急，急忙吃甘味以缓和它。肝欲散，急忙吃辛味以发散它，用酸味来泻它，禁忌当风。心苦缓，急忙吃酸味以收敛它。心欲软，急忙吃咸味以软化它，用甘味来泻它，禁忌温食、厚衣。脾苦湿，急忙吃苦味以燥湿它。脾欲缓，急忙吃甘味以缓急它，用苦味来泻它，禁忌温食饱食、湿地濡衣。肺苦气上逆喘息，急忙吃苦味以泻它。肺欲收，急忙吃酸味以收敛它，用辛味来泻它，禁忌寒饮食、寒衣。肾苦燥，急忙吃辛味以滋润它，开腠理，润致津液通气。肾欲坚，急忙吃苦味以固结它，用咸味来泻它，不要触犯HT（此处疑为衍文或特定术语缺失，暂译作‘禁忌’），不要穿热衣、吃温食。因此，毒药攻邪，五谷为养，五肉为益，五果为助，五菜为充。精靠食气来滋养，气养精以荣润面色。形靠食味来构成，味养形以产生力量。说的就是这个道理。神藏有五，五五二十五种。形藏有四方、四时、四季、四肢。共为五九四十五，以此辅助神，可以长生、久视。精顺从五气成为灵，如果食气相恶，则伤精。形受味而成，如果食味不调，则损形。因此圣人先用食物禁忌来存养本性，后制药来防止性命受损。所以形不足者用气来温补，精不足者用味来滋补，气味温补以存养形精。岐伯说：阳为气，阴为味，味归形，形归气，气归精，精归化，精食气，形食味，化生精，气生形。味伤形，气伤精。精化为气，气伤于味。阴味出下窍，阳气出上窍。味浓者为阴，味薄者为阴中之阳。气浓者为阳，气薄者为阳中之阴。味浓则泄，薄则通流。气薄则发泄，浓则闭塞。壮火之气衰，少火之气壮。壮火食气，气食少火。壮火散气，少火生气。味辛甘发散为阳，酸苦涌泄为阴。阴胜则阳病，阳盛则阴病。阴阳调和，则平安。春七十二日省酸增甘以养脾气，夏七十二日省苦增辛以养肺气，秋七十二日省辛增酸以养肝气，冬七十二日省咸增苦以养心气，季月各十八日省甘增咸以养肾气。
(Comprising five categories)
Zhang Zhongjing stated: When the human body is in a state of harmony, one only needs proper nourishment and should not take medicines recklessly. The biased nature of drugs assists specific forces, causing disharmony in Zang-Fu Qi (Visceral Energy), making one susceptible to external pathogens. All living beings rely on food for survival, yet people are unaware that diet has both beneficial and detrimental outcomes. Common people use it daily without understanding, just as water and fire are close yet difficult to comprehend.
In my "Record of Hedong Wei Xun," I recorded: Bian Que said, "The form is what humans rely on. Disease disrupts harmonious Qi. Medicine eliminates heat and toxicity. The physician saves lives and stabilizes crises." The foundation of settling the body must rely on food. The rapid cure of disease must rely on medicine. One who does not understand dietary appropriateness cannot preserve life. One who does not understand drug contraindications cannot eliminate disease. Therefore, food can expel evil and stabilize Zang-Fu organs, delighting the spirit and refreshing the will to nourish Blood and Qi. If one can use food to calm emotions, dispel diseases, and resolve ailments, they can be called a skilled artisan. This is a miraculous method for longevity and the ultimate art of health preservation. Physicians must first thoroughly understand the origin of diseases and know where the pathogen attacks, treating it with food first. Only if dietary therapy fails should medication be prescribed. Drug properties are fierce and potent, akin to commanding an army. The ferocity of troops cannot be unleashed recklessly; improper use causes widespread harm. Similarly, the application of drugs to diseases can cause indiscriminate damage.
Wang Xi of Gaoping said: "Diet should not be mixed; mixing may lead to violations. Violations may cause injury. Although there may be no immediate disaster, accumulation over time creates hidden dangers." Furthermore, when eating dishes, one must strive for simplicity and moderation. Choose fish, meat, fruits, and vegetables that benefit the body. Ordinary meals should be frugal. Greed for taste and overeating leads to abdominal distension and shortness of breath after meals, potentially triggering acute illnesses like Huoluan (Cholera-like disorder). From Summer Solstice to Autumn Equinox, one must be cautious with fatty foods, pastries, butter, and ghee, as these conflict greatly with wine, fruit juices, and melons. The prevalence of illness is often due to excessive cooling during spring and summer and unregulated diet. Fish and other raw/cold items are generally harmful; abstaining is beneficial. Regular consumption of milk, cheese, and ghee strengthens sinews and bones, moistens skin and muscles. However, sudden excessive consumption causes abdominal distension and diarrhea, which subsides gradually.
The Yellow Emperor said: "The Five Flavors enter the mouth and travel to specific locations, each causing specific diseases. Sour travels to Sinews; excessive sour intake causes Lin syndrome (difficulty in urination)." Why? Shao Yu answered: "Sour enters the Stomach; its Qi is astringent and contracting. It travels upward to the Upper and Middle Jiao. If the Qi of the Jiao becomes astringent and cannot move freely, it flows back into the Stomach. The warm Stomach directs it downward to the Bladder. The Bladder connects to the Bao (Uterus/Bladder area). The Bao wall is thin and soft; upon encountering sour, it contracts and narrows, obstructing the water passages, thus causing Lin syndrome."
Salty travels to Blood vessels; excessive salty intake causes thirst. Why? Answer: "Salty enters the Stomach; its Qi travels to the Middle Jiao and injects into the meridians. Meridians are pathways for Blood. When Blood meets Salt, coagulation occurs. Coagulation depletes Stomach fluids, leading to dryness and thirst. (The *Jia Yi Jing* states: Coagulation prevents fluid infusion, leading to exhaustion.) Thirst scorches the throat passage, causing dry tongue and desire for water. Blood vessels are the pathways of the Middle Jiao. Thus, salty enters the Stomach and travels to Blood. (Huangfu Mi stated: The Kidney combines with the Sanjiao meridians; although associated with Liver and Heart, it serves as the Middle Jiao pathway, so salty enters and travels to Blood.)"
Pungent travels to Qi; excessive pungent intake causes heart oppression. Why? Answer: "Pungent enters the Stomach. Its Qi travels to the Upper Jiao, which receives and distributes Qi to nourish Yang meridians. The aroma of ginger and leeks熏 (fumes) Ying and Wei (Nutritive and Defensive Qi); if not received promptly, it flows down to the epigastrium, causing oppression and pain. Pungent flavor moves with Qi; thus, entering the Stomach, it travels to Qi and exits with it, resulting in excess Qi."
Bitter travels to Bones; excessive bitter intake causes vomiting. Why? Answer: "Bitter enters the Stomach; its Qi is drying and inducing vomiting/ejection. The Qi of grains cannot withstand Bitter. Bitter enters the Lower Wan (Lower Orifice of Stomach), which is the pathway of Sanjiao. If closed, flow is blocked, causing Qi transformation and vomiting. Teeth are the endpoint of Bones; thus, Bitter enters the Stomach, travels to Bones, enters, and re-emerges. Teeth become dark and sparse. (Huangfu Mi stated: Water and Fire balance, so Bone Qi connects to Heart.)"
Sweet travels to Flesh; excessive sweet intake causes nausea. Why? Answer: "Sweet enters the Stomach; Sweet Qi is weak and cannot ascend to the Upper Jiao, remaining with grain in the Stomach. Sweet induces relaxation; relaxation causes Ascaris movement, leading to nausea. Sweet Qi extends outward to Flesh; thus, Sweet travels to Flesh, causing flesh to thicken and calluses to form. (Huangfu Mi stated: Its Qi extends to Skin, so Sweet enters and travels to Skin. Skin covers Flesh; although Skin belongs to Lung, it is connected to Flesh, so Sweet moistens Muscle and Skin.)"
The Yellow Emperor asked: "Can you explain the governing effects of the Five Flavors of Grains?" Bo Gao replied: "Those who eat Wind have spirituality and lightness; those who eat Qi have harmony and longevity; those who eat Grain have wisdom but mental labor; those who eat Grass are dull but strong; those who eat Meat are brave but prone to anger. Therefore, Liver (Wood, Green) suits Sour; Heart (Fire, Red) suits Bitter; Spleen (Earth, Yellow) suits Sweet; Lung (Metal, White) suits Pungent; Kidney (Water, Black) suits Salty. Internally are Five Zang, externally govern Five Elements, colors match Five Directions."
Correspondence of Five Zang: Liver corresponds to Sinews, manifests in Nails. Heart corresponds to Vessels, manifests in Complexion. Spleen corresponds to Flesh, manifests in Lips. Lung corresponds to Skin, manifests in Hair. Kidney corresponds to Bones, manifests in Head Hair.
Contraindications for Five Zang: Excessive Sour dries Skin and ages Hair. Excessive Bitter contracts Sinews and withers Nails. Excessive Sweet causes Bone pain and Hair loss. Excessive Pungent causes Calluses and Cold Lips. Excessive Salty coagulates Vessels and alters Complexion.
Appropriate Foods for Five Zang: For Liver disease, eat Hemp, Dog meat, Plum, Leek. For Heart disease, eat Wheat, Mutton, Apricot, Scallion white base (Xie). For Spleen disease, eat Barnyard millet... [Text gap] ... *Question* states: "Liver color green suits Sweet: Rice, Beef, Date, Okra are Sweet. Heart color red suits Sour: Adzuki bean, Dog meat, Plum, Leek are Sour. Lung color white suits Bitter: Wheat, Mutton, Apricot, Xie are Bitter. Spleen color yellow suits Salty: Soybean, Pork, Chestnut, Legume leaves are Salty. Kidney color black suits Pungent: Millet, Chicken, Peach, Onion are Pungent."
Five Flavors Provoking Diseases: Sour travels to Sinews; Sinew disease avoids Sour. Bitter travels to Bones; Bone disease avoids Bitter. Sweet travels to Flesh; Flesh disease avoids Sweet. Pungent travels to Qi; Qi disease avoids Pungent. Salty travels to Blood; Blood disease avoids Salty.
Formulas of Five Flavors: Rice is Sweet (*Su Wen*: Glutinous rice is Sweet). Hemp is Sour (*Su Wen*: Adzuki bean is Sour - *Note: Text discrepancy noted*). Soybean is Salty. Wheat is Bitter. Peach is Pungent. Date is Sweet. Plum is Sour. Chestnut is Salty. Apricot is Bitter. Millet is Pungent. Okra is Sweet. Leek is Sour. Legume leaves are Salty. Xie is Bitter. Onion is Pungent. Beef is Sweet. Dog is Sour. Pork is Salty. Mutton is Bitter. Chicken is Pungent.
Treatment of Five Zang Diseases by Five Flavors: Liver suffers from tension; urgently eat Sweet to relax. Liver desires dispersion; urgently eat Pungent to disperse, use Sour to drain, avoid wind. Heart suffers from laxity; urgently eat Sour to astringe. Heart desires softening; urgently eat Salty to soften, use Sweet to drain, avoid warm food and thick clothes. Spleen suffers from dampness; urgently eat Bitter to dry. Spleen desires relaxation; urgently eat Sweet to relax, use Bitter to drain, avoid warm/full meals and damp clothes. Lung suffers from rebellious Qi and asthma; urgently eat Bitter to drain. Lung desires consolidation; urgently eat Sour to consolidate, use Pungent to drain, avoid cold food and clothes. Kidney suffers from dryness; urgently eat Pungent to moisten, open pores, generate fluids and move Qi. Kidney desires firmness; urgently eat Bitter to consolidate, use Salty to drain, avoid HT (likely typo for contraindications), hot clothes, and warm food. Thus, toxic drugs attack evil; Five Grains nourish; Five Meats benefit; Five Fruits assist; Five Vegetables fill. Essence is nourished by Food Qi; Qi nourishes Essence to luster Complexion. Form is built by Food Flavor; Flavor nourishes Form to generate Strength. This is the principle. Shen (Spirit) resides in five; 5x5=25 types. Xing (Form) resides in four directions, four seasons, four limbs. Total 5x9=45. Assisting Shen this way allows longevity. Jing follows Five Qi to become spiritual; conflicting Food Qi injures Jing. Form is formed by Flavor; conflicting Food Flavor damages Form. Thus, sages first use dietary taboos to preserve nature, then drugs to protect life. Deficient Form is warmed by Qi; deficient Essence is tonified by Flavor. Warm and tonify Qi/Flavor to preserve Form/Essence. Qibo said: Yang is Qi, Yin is Flavor. Flavor returns to Form; Form returns to Qi; Qi returns to Essence; Essence transforms. Essence eats Qi; Form eats Flavor; Transformation generates Essence; Qi generates Form. Flavor damages Form; Qi damages Essence. Essence transforms to Qi; Qi is damaged by Flavor. Yin Flavor exits lower orifices; Yang Qi exits upper orifices. Strong Flavor is Yin; weak Flavor is Yang within Yin. Strong Qi is Yang; weak Qi is Yin within Yang. Strong Flavor causes purging; weak Flavor promotes flow. Weak Qi causes sweating; strong Qi causes blockage. Vigorous Fire diminishes Qi; Gentle Fire strengthens Qi. Vigorous Fire consumes Qi; Qi feeds Gentle Fire. Vigorous Fire scatters Qi; Gentle Fire generates Qi. Pungent/Sweet dispersing is Yang; Sour/Bitter vomiting/draining is Yin. Yin excess harms Yang; Yang excess harms Yin. Harmony of Yin/Yang brings peace. In Spring (72 days), reduce Sour, increase Sweet to nourish Spleen Qi. In Summer (72 days), reduce Bitter, increase Pungent to nourish Lung Qi. In Autumn (72 days), reduce Pungent, increase Sour to nourish Liver Qi. In Winter (72 days), reduce Salty, increase Bitter to nourish Heart Qi. In Interseasonal months (18 days each), reduce Sweet, increase Salty to nourish Kidney Qi.