病源人有在途路，逢凄风苦雨，繁霜大雪，衣服沾濡，冷气入脏，致令阴气闭于内，阳
气绝于外，营卫结涩，不复流通，故致噤绝而死，若早得救疗，血温气通则生，又云，冻死
一日犹可活，过此即不疗。（出第二十三卷中）
肘后疗冬天堕水冻，四肢直口噤，裁有微气出方。
以大器中多熬灰，使暖囊盛，以敷其心上，冷即易，心暖气通，目则得转，口乃开，可
温尿粥清，稍稍含之即活，若不先温其心，便持火炙其身，冷气与火相搏则死。（集验备急
文仲千金古今录验同）
肘后云，此事他方少有其说，且人为之寡，不俟别条，今于水冻之后，附此，乃是地气
熏蒸，盖亦障雾之例，服诸解毒犀角，雄黄，麝香之属，豉豆竹沥升麻诸汤，亦应为佳。（
出第三卷中）
短剧疗入井冢闷冒方。
凡五月六月，井中及深冢中皆有伏气，入中令人郁闷杀人，如其必须入中者，先以鸡鸭
杂鸟毛投之，直下至底，则无伏气，毛若徘徊不下，则有毒瓦斯也，亦可纳生六畜等居中，若
有毒
然后
体即
千金疗入井冢毒瓦斯方。
取他井中水洒身上，至三食顷便活，若东井取西井，南井取北井中水用之。（出第二十
六卷中）
千金疗丈夫从高堕下，伤五脏，微者唾血，甚者吐血，及金疮伤绝崩中皆主之方。
阿胶（炙） 干姜（各二两） 艾叶 芍药（各三两）
上四味切，以水八升，煮取三升，去滓，入胶令消，分二服，羸人三服女人产后崩中伤
下血过多虚喘，腹中绞痛，下血不止，服之悉愈。
又疗从高堕下泻血，及女人崩中方
当归（二分） 大黄（一分）
上二味捣为散，酒服方寸匕，日三。（范汪同并出第二十六卷中）
千金翼胶艾汤，主男子伤绝或从高堕下伤五脏，微者唾血，甚者吐血及金疮经内绝者方
阿胶（炙） 艾叶 芍药 干地黄（各三两） 干姜 当归 甘草（炙） 芎 （各二
两）
上八味切，以水八升，煮取三升，去滓，纳胶令烊，分再服，羸人三服，此汤正主妇人
产后崩中伤，下血多，虚喘欲死，腹痛血不止者，服之良。（出第十九卷中）
【背景信息】
书名：《外台秘要》 作者：王焘 朝代：唐·天宝十一年 章节：冻死方一首 / 入井冢闷方二首 / 从高堕下方三首 类别：方剂
【原文翻译】
病因：人在旅途中，遭遇凄冷的风雨、浓霜和大雪，衣服被淋湿，寒气侵入脏腑，导致阴气闭塞于体内，阳气断绝于体表，营卫之气凝结涩滞，不再流通，因此导致牙关紧闭、气息断绝而死。如果能及早得到救治，血液温暖、气机通畅就能存活。又说，冻死一天之内还可以救活，超过这个时间就无法治疗了。（出自第二十三卷中）
《肘后备急方》治疗冬天落水受冻，四肢僵硬、牙关紧闭，仅有一丝微弱气息的方子。
用大容器多烧些灰，装入暖囊，敷在患者心口上，冷了便更换。心口暖气通达后，眼睛就能转动，嘴巴才能张开，可以慢慢喂入温热的米汤或清粥，患者即可苏醒。如果不先温暖其心脏部位，就直接用火烤身体，寒气与火气相互搏击，反而会导致死亡。（《集验方》《备急文仲方》《千金方》《古今录验方》观点相同）
《肘后备急方》说，其他医书很少有关于这方面的论述，且此类事情发生较少，不另设条目，现附在水冻急救之后。这属于地气熏蒸所致，也是类似障雾的情况，服用各种解毒药物如犀角、雄黄、麝香等，以及豆豉、大豆、竹沥、升麻等汤剂，也应当效果良好。（出自第三卷中）
《短剧方》治疗进入井中或墓穴感到胸闷晕厥的方子。
凡是五月六月，井中和深墓中都有伏藏之气（毒气），进入其中会令人郁闷甚至致死。如果必须进入，先将鸡鸭及杂鸟毛投入井底，直沉到底部，说明没有伏藏之气；如果羽毛徘徊不下沉，说明有毒瓦斯。也可以放入活的家畜等在其中，若有毒瓦斯，家畜会有反应。（此处原文有缺漏，根据上下文补全逻辑：若家畜不适则有毒）
《千金方》治疗进入井中或墓穴中毒瓦斯的方子。
取其他井中的水洒在身上，大约吃一顿饭的时间就能苏醒。如果是东边的井，就取西边井的水；南边的井，就取北边井的水来使用。（出自第二十六卷中）
《千金方》治疗男子从高处坠落，损伤五脏，轻微者唾血，严重者吐血，以及金创出血、妇女崩中出血不止皆主治的方子。
阿胶（炙炒）二两，干姜二两，艾叶三两，芍药三两。
以上四味药切碎，用水八升，煮取三升，去渣，加入阿胶使其溶化，分两次服用。体弱者可分三次服用。此方适用于妇女产后崩中出血过多导致的虚喘、腹中绞痛、下血不止，服用后可痊愈。
又方治疗从高处坠落导致便血，以及妇女崩中出血。
当归二分，大黄一分。
以上两味药捣成散剂，用酒送服一方寸匕，每日三次。（范汪的观点相同，均出自第二十六卷中）
《千金翼方》胶艾汤，主治男子重伤或从高处坠落损伤五脏，轻微者唾血，严重者吐血，以及金创内出血、妇女产后崩中出血的方子。
阿胶（炙炒）三两，艾叶三两，芍药三两，干地黄三两，干姜二两，当归二两，甘草（炙炒）二两，川芎二两。
以上八味药切碎，用水八升，煮取三升，去渣，加入阿胶使其溶化，分两次服用，体弱者分三次服用。此汤专门主治妇人产后崩中受伤，下血过多，虚喘欲死，腹痛出血不止者，服用效果良好。（出自第十九卷中）
[Background Information]
Book: *Waitai Miyao* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold)
Author: Wang Tao
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty, Tianbao 11th Year
Chapter: One Formula for Freezing to Death / Two Formulas for Suffocation in Wells and Tombs / Three Formulas for Falls from Heights
Category: Formulas
[English Translation]
**Etiology:** When traveling, if one encounters cold wind and rain, heavy frost, or snow, and clothes become wet, cold qi enters the zang-organs. This causes yin qi to be blocked internally and yang qi to be severed externally. Ying and Wei qi become stagnant and obstructed, ceasing to circulate freely, leading to lockjaw, cessation of breath, and death. If treated early, when blood warms and qi flows smoothly, life can be saved. It is also said that a person frozen to death can still be revived within one day; beyond this time, it is untreatable. (From Volume 23)
**Zhouhou Fang** treats freezing to death after falling into water in winter, characterized by stiff limbs, lockjaw, and only faint breath remaining.
Burn a large amount of ash in a large vessel, place it in a warm pouch, and apply it to the patient's heart region. Replace when cool. Once warmth reaches the heart, the eyes will move, and the mouth will open. Slowly administer warm rice gruel or clear soup to swallow, and the patient will recover. If the heart is not warmed first and fire is applied directly to the body, the cold qi and fire qi will clash, causing death. (*Jiyan Fang*, *Beiji Wenzhong Fang*, *Qianjin Fang*, *Gujin Luyan Fang* agree.)
**Zhouhou Fang** states that other texts rarely discuss this matter, as such cases are infrequent, so no separate section is created. It is appended here after formulas for water-freezing. This condition is caused by steaming earth qi, similar to fog obstruction. Taking various detoxifying agents such as Rhinoceros Horn (Xijiao), Realgar (Xionghuang), and Musk (Shexiang), as well as decoctions of Fermented Soybean (Chidou), Soybean (Doudou), Bamboo Sap (Zhuli), and Cimicifuga (Shengma), should also be effective. (From Volume 3)
**Duanju Fang** treats suffocation and dizziness upon entering wells or tombs.
In May and June, latent toxic qi exists in wells and deep tombs. Entering them causes oppression and can be fatal. If entry is necessary, throw chicken, duck, or bird feathers into the well. If they sink directly to the bottom, there is no latent qi. If the feathers hover and do not sink, toxic gas is present. Alternatively, live livestock can be placed inside; if toxic gas is present, the animals will show adverse reactions.
**Qianjin Fang** treats poisoning from toxic gas in wells or tombs.
Sprinkle water from another well on the body. After about the time it takes to eat one meal, the person will revive. If using water from an eastern well, take water from a western well; if from a southern well, take water from a northern well. (From Volume 26)
**Qianjin Fang** treats men who have fallen from heights, damaging the five zang-organs. Mild cases present with spitting blood, severe cases with vomiting blood. It also treats traumatic injuries with bleeding and metrorrhagia (bingzhong).
Prepared Donkey-hide Gelatin (Ajiao) 2 liang, Dried Ginger (Ganjiang) 2 liang, Mugwort Leaf (Aiye) 3 liang, White Peony Root (Shaoyao) 3 liang.
Cut the four herbs, boil in 8 sheng of water until reduced to 3 sheng, strain, add Ajiao and stir until dissolved. Divide into two doses. Frail patients may divide into three doses. It cures postpartum metrorrhagia with excessive bleeding, deficiency wheezing, abdominal cramping, and continuous lower bleeding.
Another formula for hematochezia due to falls and postpartum metrorrhagia:
Angelica Sinensis (Danggui) 2 fen, Rhubarb (Dahuang) 1 fen.
Pound into powder, take 1 fangcun bi with wine, three times daily. (Fan Wang agrees; From Volume 26)
**Qianjin Yifang** Jiao'ai Decoction treats severe trauma or falls damaging the five zang-organs, mild spitting blood, severe vomiting blood, internal bleeding from wounds, and postpartum metrorrhagia.
Prepared Donkey-hide Gelatin (Ajiao) 3 liang, Mugwort Leaf (Aiye) 3 liang, White Peony Root (Shaoyao) 3 liang, Dried Rehmannia Root (Shengdihuang) 3 liang, Dried Ginger (Ganjiang) 2 liang, Angelica Sinensis (Danggui) 2 liang, Prepared Licorice Root (Gancao) 2 liang, Szechwan Lovage Root (Chuanxiong) 2 liang.
Cut the eight herbs, boil in 8 sheng of water until reduced to 3 sheng, strain, add Ajiao and melt. Divide into two doses, or three for frail patients. This decoction specifically treats postpartum metrorrhagia with excessive bleeding, impending death from deficiency wheezing, abdominal pain, and continuous bleeding. It is highly effective. (From Volume 19)