千金翼论曰,夫药采取不以时节,不知阴干曝干,虽有药名,终无药实,故不依时采取
,与朽木不殊,徒费人功,卒无裨益,其法虽具本经,学人寻览,造次难得,所以甄别,即
目可
葳蕤(立春后采阴干) 本(曝干三十月) 通草(取枝阴干) 乌喙(阴干) 乌
头(阴干)
络石(阴干以上并正月采) 茯苓(阴干) 茯神(阴干) 桂心(阴) 白术(曝) 干
地黄(阴)
天门冬(曝) 麦门冬(阴) 薯蓣(曝) 甘草(曝) 人参(曝勿见风) 石龙芮(采
皮阴干)
本(曝) 龙胆(阴) 杜仲(阴) 牛膝(阴) 细辛(阴) 独活(曝) 升麻(曝)
柴胡(曝)
榆皮(曝) 蓝叶(曝) 当归(阴) 防风 芍药 桔梗 秦艽 前胡 知母 栝蒌根 沙
参
狗脊 茜根 王不留行 萆 菝 白芷 杜若 百合 白蔹 地榆(以上曝干) 大黄
(火干) 虎掌 黄连 秦皮 猪苓 石苇 紫菀 紫葛 野狼毒 鬼臼 天雄 防己 乌喙
乌头 甘遂 牡丹 巴戟天 石南叶 贯众 羊桃 黄精 黄 (以上并阴干二月采) 黄
芩
(阴) 大青(阴) 天门冬(曝) 水萍(曝) 浓朴(阴) 青葙叶(阴) 玄参(阴)
白薇 艾叶
(曝) 芫花(阴) 商陆(日干) 白术(曝) 麦门冬(阴) 紫菀(阴) 踯躅(阴)
射干(阴)
茵芋(阴) 黄环(阴) 泽兰(阴) 芜荑(阴) 杜蘅(曝) 蓝叶 王瓜(阴) 寄
生(阴) 防葵
(曝) 紫草(阴) 芎 (曝) 苦参(曝) 茜根(曝) 紫参(火炙) 泽漆(阴) 藜
芦(阴以上
并三月采) 赤箭 菥 子 蒲黄 玄参 蘼芜(以上曝) 远志(阴) 景天(阴) 人
参(曝)
芎 大青(阴) 白头翁 白藓 石南叶 鼠尾草(以上并四月采阴干) 菖蒲(阴) 卷
柏
(阴) 白藓(阴) 泽泻(阴) 车前(五月采阴) 石龙芮子 蜀漆(阴) 肉苁蓉(阴)
菥子
(曝) 复盆子 干漆(夏至后采) 半夏(曝) 五加(采茎阴) 杜仲 茵陈(阴) 莽
草(阴)
蕤核 葛根(曝) 丹参(曝) 蛇床子(阴) 葶苈子(立夏后采阴) 茺蔚子 青葙子 茛
菪子
蘼芜(曝) 松萝(阴) 旋复花(曝) 蓄(阴) 茹(阴) 青 (巨胜苗也以上
五月采) 松
脂青葙子 茅根 杜仲 荛花(以上六月采阴) 石斛(阴) 五加皮(采茎阴) 卷柏
(阴)
海藻(曝) 腐婢(阴) 泽漆(阴) 天门冬(曝) 鼠尾花(阴) 瓜蒂 槐子 麻黄
(立秋采阴)
石龙刍(曝) 景天(阴) 飞廉(阴) 薇衔(阴) 菌桂(阴立秋采) 水苏 瞿麦(立
秋取实阴)
桃仁(阴) 续断(阴) 蒺藜子(曝以上并七月采) 白瓜子 飞廉(阴) 女青(阴) 地
榆(曝)
大黄(火干) 桔梗(曝) 大枣(曝) 楮实(曝) 秦皮(阴) 桂(阴) 营实(阴)
鬼臼(阴)
百合(曝) 牡丹(阴) 防己(阴) 野狼毒(阴) 萆 (曝) 菝 (曝) 白芷(曝)
连翘(阴)
苦参(曝) 石龙芮(阴) 狗脊(曝) 白蔹(曝) 前胡(曝) 知母(曝) 栝蒌根
(曝) 巴豆
猪苓(阴) 茯神(阴) 蛇含(阴) 茯苓(阴) 虎掌(阴) 薏苡仁 天门冬 麦门
冬(阴) 杜
若(曝) 当归(阴) 蓍实(曝) 柴胡(曝) 升麻(曝) 独活(曝) 细辛(阴) 牛
膝(阴)
石斛(阴) 人参(曝) 薯蓣(曝) 甘草(曝) 败酱(曝) 恒山(阴) 半夏(曝)
雷丸(曝)
牡荆(阴) 漏芦(阴) 酸枣(阴) 白术(曝) 秦艽(曝) 龙胆(阴) 巴戟天(阴)
蒺藜子
(曝) 黄连 沙参(曝) 王不留行(曝) 续断(阴) 贯众(阴) 干地黄(阴) 地
肤子(阴)
五味子(阴) 蜀椒(阴) 菌(阴) 鬼箭(阴) 附子(上旬采) 秦椒 泽泻(阴)
牙子
(曝) 黄 (阴) 芍药(曝) 石南实(阴以上八月采) 松实(阴) 菊花(阴)
实(曝) 干
姜枳实(阴) 白术(曝) 楮实(曝) 浓朴(阴) 杜仲 皂荚(阴) 山茱萸(阴)
吴茱萸
(九月采阴) 栀子(曝) 辛夷(曝) 牡荆(阴) 秦椒 菟丝子(曝) 菅实(阴以
上并九月采) 麦
门冬(阴) 牛膝(阴) 地肤子(阴) 枳实(阴) 防风(曝) 决明子 皂荚(阴) 桂
(阴)
子(阴) 山茱萸(阴) 五加根(阴) 浓朴(阴) 云实(曝) 贝母(曝以上并十
月采) 菊
子(阴) 苋实(阴) 款冬花(阴) 龙胆(阴以上并十一月采) 冬葵子 菖蒲 龙胆 忍
冬
木兰 大戟(以上并十二月采阴) 枸杞子(冬采根春夏采叶秋采茎实阴) 桑根白皮(采
无时)
柏叶(四时各依方面采之神阴) 蒴 (春夏采叶秋冬采根茎
论曰,凡药皆须采之有时日,阴干曝干则有气力,若不依时采之,则与凡草不别,徒弃
功用,终无益也,学人当要及时采掇,以供所用耳。
《千金翼方》论述说:药物的采集如果不按照时节,不懂得阴干或曝晒的方法,即使有药名,最终也没有药效。因此,不依时节采集的药物,与朽木没有区别,白白耗费人力,最终毫无益处。虽然这些方法在《本经》中已有记载,但学习者翻阅查找时,往往仓促间难以掌握,所以进行甄别整理,依据当前情况列出如下:
葳蕤(立春后采集,阴干) 藁本(曝干三十个月) 通草(取枝条阴干) 乌喙(阴干) 乌头(阴干) 络石(阴干,以上均正月采集) 茯苓(阴干) 茯神(阴干) 桂心(阴干) 白术(曝干) 干地黄(阴干) 天门冬(曝干) 麦门冬(阴干) 薯蓣(曝干) 甘草(曝干) 人参(曝干,勿见风) 石龙芮(采集皮部阴干) 藁本(曝干) 龙胆(阴干) 杜仲(阴干) 牛膝(阴干) 细辛(阴干) 独活(曝干) 升麻(曝干) 柴胡(曝干) 榆皮(曝干) 蓝叶(曝干) 当归(阴干) 防风 芍药 桔梗 秦艽 前胡 知母 栝蒌根 沙参 狗脊 茜根 王不留行 萆薢 菝葜 白芷 杜若 百合 白蔹 地榆(以上均曝干) 大黄(火干) 虎掌 黄连 秦皮 猪苓 石苇 紫菀 紫葛 野狼毒 鬼臼 天雄 防己 乌喙 乌头 甘遂 牡丹 巴戟天 石南叶 贯众 羊桃 黄精 黄耆(以上均二月采集,阴干) 黄芩(阴干) 大青(阴干) 天门冬(曝干) 水萍(曝干) 浓朴(阴干) 青葙叶(阴干) 玄参(阴干) 白薇 艾叶(曝干) 芫花(阴干) 商陆(日干) 白术(曝干) 麦门冬(阴干) 紫菀(阴干) 踯躅(阴干) 射干(阴干) 茵芋(阴干) 黄环(阴干) 泽兰(阴干) 芜荑(阴干) 杜蘅(曝干) 蓝叶 王瓜(阴干) 寄生(阴干) 防葵(曝干) 紫草(阴干) 川芎(曝干) 苦参(曝干) 茜根(曝干) 紫参(火炙) 泽漆(阴干) 藜芦(阴干,以上均三月采集) 赤箭 菥蓂子 蒲黄 玄参 蘼芜(以上均曝干) 远志(阴干) 景天(阴干) 人参(曝干) 川芎 大青(阴干) 白头翁 白鲜 石南叶 鼠尾草(以上均四月采集,阴干) 菖蒲(阴干) 卷柏(阴干) 白鲜(阴干) 泽泻(阴干) 车前(五月采集,阴干) 石龙芮子 蜀漆(阴干) 肉苁蓉(阴干) 菥蓂子(曝干) 复盆子 干漆(夏至后采集) 半夏(曝干) 五加(采集茎部阴干) 杜仲 茵陈(阴干) 莽草(阴干) 蕤核 葛根(曝干) 丹参(曝干) 蛇床子(阴干) 葶苈子(立夏后采集,阴干) 茺蔚子 青葙子 莨菪子 蘼芜(曝干) 松萝(阴干) 旋复花(曝干) 蓄(阴干) 茹(阴干) 青蒿(巨胜苗也,以上五月采集) 松脂 青葙子 茅根 杜仲 荛花(以上六月采集,阴干) 石斛(阴干) 五加皮(采集茎部阴干) 卷柏(阴干) 海藻(曝干) 腐婢(阴干) 泽漆(阴干) 天门冬(曝干) 鼠尾花(阴干) 瓜蒂 槐子 麻黄(立秋采集,阴干) 石龙刍(曝干) 景天(阴干) 飞廉(阴干) 薇衔(阴干) 菌桂(阴干,立秋采集) 水苏 瞿麦(立秋采收果实,阴干) 桃仁(阴干) 续断(阴干) 蒺藜子(曝干,以上均七月采集) 白瓜子 飞廉(阴干) 女青(阴干) 地榆(曝干) 大黄(火干) 桔梗(曝干) 大枣(曝干) 楮实(曝干) 秦皮(阴干) 桂(阴干) 营实(阴干) 鬼臼(阴干) 百合(曝干) 牡丹(阴干) 防己(阴干) 野狼毒(阴干) 萆薢(曝干) 菝葜(曝干) 白芷(曝干) 连翘(阴干) 苦参(曝干) 石龙芮(阴干) 狗脊(曝干) 白蔹(曝干) 前胡(曝干) 知母(曝干) 栝蒌根(曝干) 巴豆 猪苓(阴干) 茯神(阴干) 蛇含(阴干) 茯苓(阴干) 虎掌(阴干) 薏苡仁 天门冬 麦门冬(阴干) 杜若(曝干) 当归(阴干) 蓍实(曝干) 柴胡(曝干) 升麻(曝干) 独活(曝干) 细辛(阴干) 牛膝(阴干) 石斛(阴干) 人参(曝干) 薯蓣(曝干) 甘草(曝干) 败酱(曝干) 恒山(阴干) 半夏(曝干) 雷丸(曝干) 牡荆(阴干) 漏芦(阴干) 酸枣(阴干) 白术(曝干) 秦艽(曝干) 龙胆(阴干) 巴戟天(阴干) 蒺藜子(曝干) 黄连 沙参(曝干) 王不留行(曝干) 续断(阴干) 贯众(阴干) 干地黄(阴干) 地肤子(阴干) 五味子(阴干) 蜀椒(阴干) 菌类(阴干) 鬼箭(阴干) 附子(上旬采集) 秦椒 泽泻(阴干) 牙子(曝干) 黄耆(阴干) 芍药(曝干) 石南实(阴干,以上八月采集) 松实(阴干) 菊花(阴干) 实(曝干) 干姜 枳实(阴干) 白术(曝干) 楮实(曝干) 浓朴(阴干) 杜仲 皂荚(阴干) 山茱萸(阴干) 吴茱萸(九月采集,阴干) 栀子(曝干) 辛夷(曝干) 牡荆(阴干) 秦椒 菟丝子(曝干) 菅实(阴干,以上均九月采集) 麦门冬(阴干) 牛膝(阴干) 地肤子(阴干) 枳实(阴干) 防风(曝干) 决明子 皂荚(阴干) 桂(阴干) 子(阴干) 山茱萸(阴干) 五加根(阴干) 浓朴(阴干) 云实(曝干) 贝母(曝干,以上均十月采集) 菊子(阴干) 苋实(阴干) 款冬花(阴干) 龙胆(阴干,以上均十一月采集) 冬葵子 菖蒲 龙胆 忍冬 木兰 大戟(以上均十二月采集,阴干) 枸杞子(冬季采集根,春夏采集叶,秋季采集茎和果实,阴干) 桑根白皮(随时可采) 柏叶(四季各依方位采集,神阴) 蒴藋(春夏采集叶,秋冬采集根茎)
论述说:凡是药物都必须按时日采集,阴干或曝晒则具有药力,如果不依时节采集,则与普通野草没有分别,白白废弃功用,最终毫无益处。学习者应当及时采摘收集,以供使用罢了。
The *Qianjin Yifang* (Supplement to the Thousand Golden Formulas) states: If medicinal materials are not harvested according to the proper seasons, and one does not understand the methods of drying in shade or sun-drying, then despite having a medicinal name, they ultimately lack medicinal efficacy. Therefore, herbs harvested out of season are no different from rotten wood; they waste human effort and yield no benefit. Although these methods are detailed in the *Benjing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica), students often find it difficult to master them hastily when consulting the texts. Thus, for clarification, the following list is provided based on current practices:
Weirui (Polygonatum odoratum, Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati) (Harvest after Start of Spring, dry in shade) Gaoben (Ligusticum sinense, Radix Ligustici Sinensis) (Sun-dry for thirty months) Tongcao (Tetrapanacis Medulla, Medulla Tetrapanacis) (Take branches, dry in shade) Wu Hui (Aconiti Radix Lateralis Preparata, Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata) (Dry in shade) Wu Tou (Aconiti Radix, Radix Aconiti) (Dry in shade) Luoshi (Trachelospermi Caulis, Caulis Trachelospermi) (Dry in shade; all above harvested in the first lunar month) Fuling (Poria, Sclerotium Poriae) (Dry in shade) Fushen (Poria with Hostwood, Sclerotium Poriae cum Radice Pinus) (Dry in shade) Guixin (Cinnamomi Cortex, Cortex Cinnamomi) (Dry in shade) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) (Sun-dry) Ganhudi Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata) (Dry in shade) Tianmendong (Asparagi Radix, Radix Asparagi) (Sun-dry) Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, Radix Ophiopogonis) (Dry in shade) Shuyu (Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Rhizoma Dioscoreae) (Sun-dry) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae) (Sun-dry) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng) (Sun-dry, avoid wind) Shilongru (Ranuncelli Ternati Herba, Herba Ranunculi Ternati) (Harvest skin, dry in shade) Gaoben (Ligusticum sinense, Radix Ligustici Sinensis) (Sun-dry) Longdan (Gentianae Radix, Radix Gentianae) (Dry in shade) Duzhong (Eucommiae Cortex, Cortex Eucommiae) (Dry in shade) Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) (Dry in shade) Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, Radix et Rhizoma Asari) (Dry in shade) Duohuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis) (Sun-dry) Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Rhizoma Cimicifugae) (Sun-dry) Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, Radix Bupleuri) (Sun-dry) Yupi (Ulmus cortex, Cortex Ulmi) (Sun-dry) Lanye (Isatidis Folium, Folium Isatidis) (Sun-dry) Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Radix Angelicae Sinensis) (Dry in shade) Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, Radix Saposhnikoviae) Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, Radix Paeoniae Alba) Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, Radix Platycodonis) Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae) Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, Radix Peucedani) Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae) Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix, Radix Trichosanthis) Shashen (Glehniae Radix, Radix Glehniae) Gouji (Cibotii Rhizoma, Rhizoma Cibotii) Qigen (Rubiae Radix, Radix Rubiae) Wangbuliuxing (Vaccariae Semen, Semen Vaccariae) Bixie (Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma, Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae) Babqa (Smilacis Sinae Rhizoma, Rhizoma Smilacis Sinae) Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) Duoruo (Pollinis Lilii, Pollen Lilii) Baihe (Lilii Bulbus, Bulbus Lilii) Bailian (Ampelopsis Radix, Radix Ampelopsis) Diyu (Sanguisorbae Radix, Radix Sanguisorbae) (All above sun-dried) Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) (Fire-dried) Zhangzhang (Aconiti Radix, Radix Aconiti) Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, Rhizoma Coptidis) Qinpi (Fraxini Cortex, Cortex Fraxini) Zhuling (Polyporus, Sclerotium Polypori) Shiwei (Pyrosiae Folium, Folium Pyrosiae) Ziwan (Adenophorae Radix, Radix Adenophorae) Zige (Polygoni Multiflori Caulis, Caulis Polygoni Multiflori) Yelangdu (Euphorbiae Kansui Radix, Radix Euphorbiae Kansui) Guijiu (Podophylli Fructus, Fructus Podophylli) Tianxiong (Aconiti Radix Lateralis Preparata, Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata) Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix, Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae) Wu Hui (Aconiti Radix Lateralis Preparata, Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata) Wu Tou (Aconiti Radix, Radix Aconiti) Gansui (Euphorbiae Kansui Radix, Radix Euphorbiae Kansui) Mudan (Moutan Cortex, Cortex Moutan) Bajitian (Morindae Officinalis Radix, Radix Morindae Officinalis) Shinanye (Nandinae Folium, Folium Nandinae) Guanzhong (Cyathulae Radix, Radix Cyathulae) Yangtao (Actinidiae Chinensis Fructus, Fructus Actinidiae Chinensis) Huangjing (Polygonati Rhizoma, Rhizoma Polygonati) Huangqi (Astragali Radix, Radix Astragali) (All above harvested in the second lunar month, dry in shade) Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, Radix Scutellariae) (Dry in shade) Daqing (Isatidis Folium, Folium Isatidis) (Dry in shade) Tianmendong (Asparagi Radix, Radix Asparagi) (Sun-dry) Shuiping (Lemnae Herba, Herba Lemnae) (Sun-dry) Nongpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) Qingxiangye (Celosiae Argyreae Folium, Folium Celosiae Argyreae) Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix, Radix Scrophulariae) Baiwei (Cynanchi Atrati Radix, Radix Cynanchi Atrati) Aiye (Artemisiae Argyi Folium, Folium Artemisiae Argyi) (Sun-dry) Yuanhua (Kadsurae Ramulus, Ramulus Kadsurae) (Note: Original text says Yuanhua, likely Genkwa Flos, but listed here as per text context if distinct, usually Genkai Flos/Shen Hua. Text says Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos)). Shanglu (Phytolaccae Radix, Radix Phytolaccae) (Sun-dry) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) (Sun-dry) Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, Radix Ophiopogonis) (Dry in shade) Ziwan (Adenophorae Radix, Radix Adenophorae) (Dry in shade) Zhizhu (Rhododendri Mollis Flos, Flos Rhododendri Mollis) (Dry in shade) Shegan (Belamcandae Rhizoma, Rhizoma Belamcandae) (Dry in shade) Yinyu (Epimedii Folium, Folium Epimedii) (Dry in shade) Huanghuan (Celastrus Orbiculatus Fructus, Fructus Celastri Orbiculati) (Dry in shade) Zelan (Lycopus Lucidus Herba, Herba Lycopi Lucidi) (Dry in shade) Wuyi (Terminalia Chebulae Fructus, Fructus Terminaliae Chebulae) (Dry in shade) Duheng (Dysosma Versipellis Rhizoma, Rhizoma Dysosmae Versipellis) (Sun-dry) Lanye (Isatidis Folium, Folium Isatidis) Wanggua (Trichosanthes Kirilowii Fructus, Fructus Trichosanthis Kirilowii) (Dry in shade) Jisheng (Taxilli Herba, Herba Taxilli) (Dry in shade) Fangkui (Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix, Radix Acanthopanacis Senticosi) (Sun-dry) Zicao (Arnebiae Radix seu Rhizoma, Radix seu Rhizoma Arnebiae) (Dry in shade) Xiongnu (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) (Sun-dry) Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis) (Sun-dry) Qigen (Rubiae Radix, Radix Rubiae) (Sun-dry) Zishen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) (Fire-roasted) Zeqi (Euphorbiae Humifusa Herba, Herba Euphorbiae Humifusae) (Dry in shade) Lilu (Veratri Radix, Radix Veratri) (Dry in shade; all above harvested in the third lunar month) Chijian (Arisaema Cum Baccis, Rhizoma Arisaematis cum Baccis) Ximing (Thlaspidis Herba, Herba Thlaspidis) Zi (Seed) Puhuang (Typhae Pollen, Pollen Typhae) Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix, Radix Scrophulariae) Miwu (Petasitis Japonicae Folium, Folium Petasitis Japonicae) (All above sun-dried) Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix, Radix Polygalae) (Dry in shade) Jingtian (Sedum aizoon Herba, Herba Sedum aizoon) (Dry in shade) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng) (Sun-dry) Xiongnu (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong) Daqing (Isatidis Folium, Folium Isatidis) (Dry in shade) Baitouweng (Pulsatillae Radix, Radix Pulsatillae) Baixian (Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex, Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis) Shinanye (Nandinae Folium, Folium Nandinae) Shuweicao (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Herba, Herba Salviae Miltiorrhizae) (All above harvested in the fourth lunar month, dry in shade) Changpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii) (Dry in shade) Juanbai (Selaginellae Tamariscinae Herba, Herba Selaginellae Tamariscinae) (Dry in shade) Baixian (Phellodendri Amurensis Cortex, Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis) (Dry in shade) Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma, Rhizoma Alismatis) (Dry in shade) Cheqian (Plantaginis Semen, Semen Plantaginis) (Harvest in fifth lunar month, dry in shade) Shilongruz (Seed) Shuqi (Commelinis Herba, Herba Commelinae) (Dry in shade) Rourongcong (Cistanches Herba, Herba Cistanches) (Dry in shade) Ximing (Thlaspidis Herba, Herba Thlaspidis) Zi (Seed) (Sun-dry) Fupenzi (Rubis Fructus, Fructus Rubi) Ganqi (Dammaris Resina, Resina Dammaris) (Harvest after Summer Solstice) Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, Rhizoma Pinelliae) (Sun-dry) Wujia (Acanthopanacis Senticosi Cortex, Cortex Acanthopanacis Senticosi) (Harvest stem, dry in shade) Duzhong (Eucommiae Cortex, Cortex Eucommiae) Yinchen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae) (Dry in shade) Mangcao (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii) (Dry in shade) Ruhe (Prunus mume Seed) Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix, Radix Puerariae Lobatae) (Sun-dry) Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae) (Sun-dry) Shechuangzi (Cnidii Fructus, Fructus Cnidii) (Dry in shade) Tinglizi (Lepidii Semens seu Descurainiae Semens, Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae) (Harvest after Start of Summer, dry in shade) Chongweizi (Leonuri Fructus, Fructus Leonuri) Qingxiangzi (Celosiae Argyreae Semen, Semen Celosiae Argyreae) Langdangzi (Daturae Semen, Semen Daturae) Miwu (Petasitis Japonicae Folium, Folium Petasitis Japonicae) (Sun-dry) Songluo (Usnea, Usnea) (Dry in shade) Xuanfu (Inulae Flos, Flos Inulae) (Sun-dry) Xu (Polygoni Avicularis Herba, Herba Polygoni Avicularis) (Dry in shade) Ru (Radix) (Dry in shade) Qinghao (Artemisiae Annuae Herba, Herba Artemisiae Annuae) (Ju Sheng seedling also; all above harvested in fifth lunar month) Songzhi (Pini Resina, Resina Pini) Qingxiangzi (Celosiae Argyreae Semen, Semen Celosiae Argyreae) Maogen (Imperatae Rhizoma, Rhizoma Imperatae) Duzhong (Eucommiae Cortex, Cortex Eucommiae) Raohua (Wikstroemiae Indicae Cortex, Cortex Wikstroemiae Indicae) (All above harvested in sixth lunar month, dry in shade) Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis, Caulis Dendrobii) (Dry in shade) Wujia Pi (Acanthopanacis Senticosi Cortex, Cortex Acanthopanacis Senticosi) (Harvest stem, dry in shade) Juanbai (Selaginellae Tamariscinae Herba, Herba Selaginellae Tamariscinae) (Dry in shade) Haizao (Sargassum, Sargassum) (Sun-dry) Fubi (Desmodii Styracifolii Herba, Herba Desmodii Styracifolii) (Dry in shade) Zeqi (Euphorbiae Humifusa Herba, Herba Euphorbiae Humifusae) (Dry in shade) Tianmendong (Asparagi Radix, Radix Asparagi) (Sun-dry) Shuweihua (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Flos, Flos Salviae Miltiorrhizae) (Dry in shade) Gadi (Melonis Fructus, Fructus Melonis) Huaizi (Stemoniae Rhizoma, Rhizoma Stemoniae) Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, Herba Ephedrae) (Harvest after Start of Autumn, dry in shade) Shilongchu (Hedyotis Diffusa Herba, Herba Hedyotis Diffusae) (Sun-dry) Jingtian (Sedum aizoon Herba, Herba Sedum aizoon) (Dry in shade) Feilian (Cardui Thistle Herb) (Dry in shade) Wei Xian (Perilla Frutescens Herb) (Dry in shade) Jungui (Cinnamomi Cassiae Cortex, Cortex Cinnamomi Cassiae) (Dry in shade, Harvest after Start of Autumn) Shuisu (Perillae Frutescens Herba, Herba Perillae Frutescens) Qumai (Dianthi Herba, Herba Dianthi) (Harvest fruit after Start of Autumn, dry in shade) Taoren (Persicae Semen, Semen Persicae) (Dry in shade) Xuduan (Dipsaci Radix, Radix Dipsaci) (Dry in shade) Jili (Tribuli Fructus, Fructus Tribuli) (Sun-dry; all above harvested in seventh lunar month) Baiguazi (Benincasae Semen Exsiccata, Semen Benincasae Exsiccata) Feilian (Cardui Thistle Herb) (Dry in shade) Nuqing (Illicii Fructus, Fructus Illicii) (Dry in shade) Diyu (Sanguisorbae Radix, Radix Sanguisorbae) (Sun-dry) Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) (Fire-dried) Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, Radix Platycodonis) (Sun-dry) Dazao (Jujubae Fructus, Fructus Jujubae) (Sun-dry) Chushi (Broussonetiae Fructus, Fructus Broussonetiae) (Sun-dry) Qinpi (Fraxini Cortex, Cortex Fraxini) (Dry in shade) Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex, Cortex Cinnamomi) (Dry in shade) Yingshi (Rosa Laevigatae Fructus, Fructus Rosa Laevigatae) (Dry in shade) Guijiu (Podophylli Fructus, Fructus Podophylli) (Dry in shade) Baihe (Lilii Bulbus, Bulbus Lilii) (Sun-dry) Mudan (Moutan Cortex, Cortex Moutan) (Dry in shade) Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix, Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae) (Dry in shade) Yelangdu (Euphorbiae Kansui Radix, Radix Euphorbiae Kansui) (Dry in shade) Bixie (Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma, Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae) (Sun-dry) Babqa (Smilacis Sinae Rhizoma, Rhizoma Smilacis Sinae) (Sun-dry) Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae) (Sun-dry) Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus, Fructus Forsythiae) (Dry in shade) Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis) (Sun-dry) Shilongru (Ranuncelli Ternati Herba, Herba Ranunculi Ternati) (Dry in shade) Gouji (Cibotii Rhizoma, Rhizoma Cibotii) (Sun-dry) Bailian (Ampelopsis Radix, Radix Ampelopsis) (Sun-dry) Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, Radix Peucedani) (Sun-dry) Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae) (Sun-dry) Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix, Radix Trichosanthis) (Sun-dry) Badou (Crotonis Fructus, Fructus Crotonis) Zhuling (Polyporus, Sclerotium Polypori) (Dry in shade) Fushen (Poria with Hostwood, Sclerotium Poriae cum Radice Pinus) (Dry in shade) Shehan (Serpentis Cutis, Serpentis Cutis) (Dry in shade) Fuling (Poria, Sclerotium Poriae) (Dry in shade) Zhangzhang (Aconiti Radix, Radix Aconiti) (Dry in shade) Yiyiren (Coicis Semen, Semen Coicis) Tianmendong (Asparagi Radix, Radix Asparagi) Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, Radix Ophiopogonis) (Dry in shade) Duoruo (Pollinis Lilii, Pollen Lilii) (Sun-dry) Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Radix Angelicae Sinensis) (Dry in shade) Shishi (Agastachis Fructus, Fructus Agastachis) (Sun-dry) Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, Radix Bupleuri) (Sun-dry) Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Rhizoma Cimicifugae) (Sun-dry) Duohuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis) (Sun-dry) Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, Radix et Rhizoma Asari) (Dry in shade) Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) (Dry in shade) Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis, Caulis Dendrobii) (Dry in shade) Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng) (Sun-dry) Shuyu (Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Rhizoma Dioscoreae) (Sun-dry) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae) (Sun-dry) Baijiang (Patriniae Herba, Herba Patriniae) (Sun-dry) Hengshan (Polygalae Radix, Radix Polygalae) (Dry in shade) Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, Rhizoma Pinelliae) (Sun-dry) Leiwan (Polyporus Umbellatus, Sclerotium Polypori Umbellati) (Sun-dry) Mujing (Viticis Trifoliae Fructus, Fructus Viticis Trifoliae) (Dry in shade) Loulu (Cyananthi Radix, Radix Cyananthi) (Dry in shade) Suanzao (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, Semen Ziziphi Spinosae) (Dry in shade) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) (Sun-dry) Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae) (Sun-dry) Longdan (Gentianae Radix, Radix Gentianae) (Dry in shade) Bajitian (Morindae Officinalis Radix, Radix Morindae Officinalis) (Dry in shade) Jili (Tribuli Fructus, Fructus Tribuli) (Sun-dry) Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, Rhizoma Coptidis) Shashen (Glehniae Radix, Radix Glehniae) (Sun-dry) Wangbuliuxing (Vaccariae Semen, Semen Vaccariae) (Sun-dry) Xuduan (Dipsaci Radix, Radix Dipsaci) (Dry in shade) Guanzhong (Cyathulae Radix, Radix Cyathulae) (Dry in shade) Ganhudi Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata) (Dry in shade) Difusi (Cocklebur Fruit, Fructus Xanthii Spinosi? No, Difusi is Kochiae Scopariae Fructus, Fructus Kochiae Scopariae) (Dry in shade) Wuweizi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis) (Dry in shade) Shujiao (Zanthoxyli Fructus, Fructus Zanthoxyli) (Dry in shade) Jun (Fungus) (Dry in shade) Jian (Arrow-shaped branch) (Dry in shade) Fuzi (Aconiti Radix Lateralis Preparata, Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata) (Harvest in first ten days) Qinjiao (Zanthoxyli Fructus, Fructus Zanthoxyli) Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma, Rhizoma Alismatis) (Dry in shade) Ya (Tooth/Seed) (Sun-dry) Huangqi (Astragali Radix, Radix Astragali) (Dry in shade) Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, Radix Paeoniae Alba) (Sun-dry) Shinan Shi (Nandinae Fructus, Fructus Nandinae) (Dry in shade; all above harvested in eighth lunar month) Songshi (Pini Semen, Semen Pini) (Dry in shade) Juhua (Chrysanthemi Flos, Flos Chrysanthemi) Shi (Seed) (Sun-dry) Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, Rhizoma Zingiberis) Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus, Fructus Aurantii) (Dry in shade) Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) (Sun-dry) Chushi (Broussonetiae Fructus, Fructus Broussonetiae) (Sun-dry) Nongpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) (Dry in shade) Duzhong (Eucommiae Cortex, Cortex Eucommiae) Zhaojiao (Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus, Fructus Gleditsiae Sinensis) (Dry in shade) Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus, Fructus Corni) (Dry in shade) Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus, Fructus Evodiae) (Harvest in ninth lunar month, dry in shade) Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus, Fructus Gardeniae) (Sun-dry) Xinyi (Magnoliae Flos, Flos Magnoliae) (Sun-dry) Mujing (Viticis Trifoliae Fructus, Fructus Viticis Trifoliae) (Dry in shade) Qinjiao (Zanthoxyli Fructus, Fructus Zanthoxyli) Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen, Semen Cuscutae) (Sun-dry) Jian Shi (Seed) (Dry in shade; all above harvested in ninth lunar month) Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, Radix Ophiopogonis) (Dry in shade) Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) (Dry in shade) Difusi (Cocklebur Fruit, Fructus Xanthii Spinosi? No, Difusi is Kochiae Scopariae Fructus, Fructus Kochiae Scopariae) (Dry in shade) Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus, Fructus Aurantii) (Dry in shade) Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, Radix Saposhnikoviae) (Sun-dry) Juemingzi (Cassiae Semen, Semen Cassiae) Zhaojiao (Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus, Fructus Gleditsiae Sinensis) (Dry in shade) Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex, Cortex Cinnamomi) (Dry in shade) Zi (Seed) (Dry in shade) Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus, Fructus Corni) (Dry in shade) Wujia Gen (Acanthopanacis Senticosi Radix, Radix Acanthopanacis Senticosi) (Dry in shade) Nongpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) (Dry in shade) Yunshi (Caesalpiniae Decapetala Fructus, Fructus Caesalpiniae Decapetala) (Sun-dry) Beimu (Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) (Sun-dry; all above harvested in tenth lunar month) Juzi (Chrysanthemi Fructus, Fructus Chrysanthemi) (Dry in shade) Xianshi (Amaranti Fructus, Fructus Amaranti) (Dry in shade) Kuandonghua (Farfarae Flos, Flos Farfarae) (Dry in shade) Longdan (Gentianae Radix, Radix Gentianae) (Dry in shade; all above harvested in eleventh lunar month) Dongkuizi (Malvae Semen, Semen Malvae) Changpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii) Longdan (Gentianae Radix, Radix Gentianae) Rendong (Lonicerae Japonicae Caulis, Caulis Lonicerae Japonicae) Mulan (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis) Daji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix, Radix Euphorbiae Pekinensis) (All above harvested in twelfth lunar month, dry in shade) Gouqizi (Lycii Fructus, Fructus Lycii) (Winter harvest root, Spring/Summer harvest leaf, Autumn harvest stem and fruit, dry in shade) Sanggenbapi (Mori Cortex, Cortex Mori) (Harvest at any time) Boye (Thuja Orientalis Folium, Folium Thujae Orientalis) (Four seasons, harvest according to direction, divine shade) Shu Yu (Commelina Communis Herb) (Spring/Summer harvest leaf, Autumn/Winter harvest root and stem)
The commentary states: All medicinal materials must be harvested at specific times; drying in shade or sun-drying ensures their potency. If not harvested according to the proper seasons, they are indistinguishable from common weeds, wasting their utility and yielding no benefit. Students should harvest and collect them promptly for use.