多气多血惟阳明，少气太阳厥阴经，二少太阴常少血，血亏行气补其荣，气少破血宜补气，气血两充功易成，厥阴
少阳多相火，若发痈疽最难平。
【注】人之十二经，有气血多少之分，多则易愈，少则难痊，疡医明此，临证可豫知痈疽、疮疡之始终难易，而用
药消补之法始当也。如手阳明大肠、足阳明胃，此二经常多气多血；手太阳小肠、足太阳膀胱、手厥阴包络、足厥阴肝，
此四经常多血少气；手少阳三焦、足少阳胆、手少阴心、足少阴肾、手太阴肺、足太阴脾，此六经常多气少血。大法∶
血多者，则破其血；气多者，则行其气。气少者，难于起发，宜托补之；血少者难于收敛，宜滋养之；气血两充，则易
于起发，易于收敛。惟手足厥阴、少阳四经，倍多相火，此四经若发痈疽，肌肉难长，疮口难合。倘过用驱毒峻利之药，
以伐其气，以消其血，必难收功。故明其经之气血多少，则用药不致有妄汗妄下之弊矣。
痈疽原是火毒生，经络阻隔气血凝。外因六淫八风感，内因六欲共七情，饮食起居不内外，负挑跌扑损身形，膏粱
之变营卫过，藜藿之亏气血穷。疽由筋骨阴分发，肉脉阳分发曰痈，疡起皮里肉之外，疮发皮肤疖通名。阳盛 肿赤痛
易，阴盛色黯陷不疼，半阴半阳不高肿，微痛微 不甚红。五善为顺七恶逆，见三见四死生明。临证色脉须详察，取法
温凉补汗攻。善治伤寒杂证易，能疗痈疽肿毒精。
【注】经云∶诸痛痒疮疡，皆属心火。故曰痈疽原是火毒生也。痈疽皆因荣卫不足，气血凝结，经络阻隔而生。故
曰经络阻隔气血凝也。其因有三∶外因、内因、不内外因也。外因者，由于春之风、夏之热暑、长夏之湿、秋之燥、冬
之寒也。当其时而至，则为正气；非其时而至，或过盛，则为淫邪。凡此六淫为病，皆属外因。亦有因于八风相感，如
冬至日，正北大刚风；立春日，东北凶风；春分日，正东婴儿风；立夏日，东南弱风；夏至日，正南大弱风；立秋日，
西南谋风；秋分日，正西刚风；立冬日，西北折风。应时而至，主生养万物；不应时而至，主杀害万物。若人感爱，内
生重病，外生痈肿。凡此八风为病，亦属外因。故曰外因六淫八风感也，内因者，起于耳听淫声，眼观邪色，鼻闻过臭，
舌贪滋味，心思过度，意念妄生，损人神气，凡此六欲为病，皆属内因。又有喜过伤心，怒过伤肝，思过伤脾，悲过伤
肺，恐过伤肾，忧久则气结，卒惊则气缩。凡此七情为病，亦属内因。故曰内因六欲共七情也。不内外因者，由于饮食
不节，起居不慎。过饮醇酒，则生火，消灼阴液；过饮茶水，则生湿停饮；过食五辛，则损气血；伤饥失饱，则伤脾胃，
凡此皆饮食之致病也。昼日过劳，挑轻负重，跌扑KT 坠等类，损其身形；夜不静息，强力入房，劳伤精气，凡此皆起
居之致病也。其起于膏粱浓味者，多令人荣卫不从，火毒内结；起于藜藿薄食者，多令人胃气不充，气血亏少，凡此亦
属不内外因也。人之身体，计有五层∶皮、脉、肉、筋、骨也。发于筋骨间者，名疽，属阴；发于肉脉之间者，名痈，
属阳；发于皮里肉外者，名曰疡毒；只发于皮肤之上者，名曰疮疖。凡痈疽阳盛者，初起 肿，色赤疼痛，则易溃易敛，
顺而易治，以其为阳证也。阴盛者，初起色黯不红，塌陷不肿，木硬不疼，则难溃难敛，逆而难治，以其为阴证也。半
阴半阳者，漫肿不高，微痛不甚，微 不热，色不甚红，此证属险。若能随证施治，不失其宜，则转险为顺，否则逆矣。
五善者，五善之证也，诸疮见之为顺，则易治。七恶者，七恶之证也，诸疮见之为逆，则难治。凡患痈疽者，五善为顺，
七恶为逆。见三善者则必生；见四恶者，则必死也。医者于临证之时，须详察色脉，宜温者温之，宜凉者凉之，宜补者
补之，宜汗者汗之，宜攻者攻之，庶有济也。然外证痈疽，犹如内证伤寒，善治伤寒，则杂病无不易治；能疗痈疽，则
诸疮无不精妙。盖以能辨表里、阴阳、虚实、寒热也。
多气多血的经脉只有阳明经，少气的经脉是太阳经和厥阴经，少阳经和太阴经通常血少。血虚时应当行气以补益营分，气虚时应当破血并宜补气，气血两充则疗效容易成功。厥阴经和少阳经相火较多，如果发生痈疽最难平复。
【注】人的十二经脉，有气血多少的区别，气血多则容易痊愈，气血少则难以康复。外科医生明白这一点，在临证时可以预先知道痈疽、疮疡的始终难易情况，从而使用药物消补的方法才恰当。比如手阳明大肠经、足阳明胃经，这两条经脉经常多气多血；手太阳小肠经、足太阳膀胱经、手厥阴心包络经、足厥阴肝经，这四条经脉经常多血少气；手少阳三焦经、足少阳胆经、手少阴心经、足少阴肾经、手太阴肺经、足太阴脾经，这六条经脉经常多气少血。大法则是：血多的，就破除瘀血；气多的，就运行其气。气少的，难以起发（脓成溃破），宜用托法补益；血少的，难以收敛（疮口愈合），宜用滋养之法；气血两充，则易于起发，易于收敛。只有手足厥阴、少阳四条经脉，相火加倍多，这四条经脉如果发生痈疽，肌肉难长，疮口难合。倘若过度使用驱毒峻利的药物，来伐损其气，消除其血，必定难以收效。所以明了经脉的气血多少，用药就不会出现妄用发汗、妄用攻下的弊病。
痈疽原本是由火毒产生，经络阻隔导致气血凝结。外因是感受六淫和八风，内因是六欲和七情，饮食起居不当属于不内外因，负重挑担、跌打扑伤损伤身形，膏粱厚味导致营卫失调，藜藿粗食导致气血亏穷。疽生于筋骨之间属阴分，生于肉脉之间属阳分叫做痈，疡发生在皮里肉外，疮发于皮肤称为疖。阳盛则肿赤痛易治，阴盛则色黯陷而不疼，半阴半阳则不高肿，微痛微红不甚明显。五善为顺证，七恶为逆证，见到三种善证或四种恶证就能明辨生死。临证时必须详细察看病色和脉象，取法温凉补汗攻等治疗原则。善于治疗伤寒杂证容易，能治疗痈疽肿毒才算精妙。
【注】经文说：各种疼痛、瘙痒、疮疡，都属于心火。所以说痈疽原本是由火毒产生的。痈疽都是因为营卫不足，气血凝结，经络阻隔而产生的。所以说经络阻隔气血凝。其原因有三类：外因、内因、不内外因。外因，是由于春季的风、夏季的热暑、长夏的湿、秋季的燥、冬季的寒。当令而至，就是正气；非当令而至，或者过盛，就是淫邪。凡是这六淫致病，都属于外因。也有因为八风相感，比如冬至日，正北大刚风；立春日，东北凶风；春分日，正东婴儿风；立夏日，东南弱风；夏至日，正南大弱风；立秋日，西南谋风；秋分日，正西刚风；立冬日，西北折风。应时而至，主生养万物；不应时而至，主杀害万物。如果人感受了这些邪气，内生重病，外生痈肿。凡是这八风致病，也属于外因。所以说外因六淫八风感。内因，起于耳听淫声，眼观邪色，鼻闻过臭，舌贪滋味，心思过度，意念妄生，损害人的神气，凡是这六欲致病，都属于内因。又有喜过伤心，怒过伤肝，思过伤脾，悲过伤肺，恐过伤肾，忧久则气结，卒惊则气缩。凡是这七情致病，也属于内因。所以说内因六欲共七情。不内外因，由于饮食不节，起居不慎。过饮醇酒，则生火，消灼阴液；过饮茶，则生湿停饮；过食五辛，则损气血；饥饱失常，则伤脾胃，凡是这些都属饮食致病。白天过劳，挑轻负重，跌打坠等类，损伤身形；夜晚不静息，强力入房，劳伤精气，凡是这些都属起居致病。那些起于膏粱浓味的，多让人营卫不从，火毒内结；起于藜藿薄食的，多让人胃气不充，气血亏少，凡是这也属不内外因。人的身体，共有五层：皮、脉、肉、筋、骨。发于筋骨间的，名叫疽，属阴；发于肉脉之间的，名叫痈，属阳；发于皮里肉外的，名叫疡毒；只发于皮肤之上的，名叫疮疖。凡是痈疽阳盛的，初起肿胀，色赤疼痛，则易溃易敛，顺而易治，因为它是阳证。阴盛的，初起色黯不红，塌陷不肿，木硬不疼，则难溃难敛，逆而难治，因为它是阴证。半阴半阳的，漫肿不高，微痛不甚，微热不显，色不甚红，此证属险。如果能随证施治，不失其宜，则转险为顺，否则就逆了。五善者，是五种善证，诸疮见到之为顺，则易治。七恶者，是七种恶证，诸疮见到之为逆，则难治。凡患痈疽的，五善为顺，七恶为逆。见到三个善证的则必生；见到四个恶证的，则必死。医者在临证之时，须详细察看病色和脉象，宜温的温之，宜凉的凉之，宜补的补之，宜汗的汗之，宜攻的攻之，这样才有济于事。然而外证痈疽，犹如内证伤寒，善于治疗伤寒，则杂病没有不易治的；能治疗痈疽，则诸疮无不精妙。大概是因为能辨别表里、阴阳、虚实、寒热。
Only the Yangming meridians have abundant Qi and Blood; the Taiyang and Jueyin meridians have deficient Qi; the Shaoyang and Taiyin meridians usually have deficient Blood. When Blood is deficient, promote Qi to nourish Ying (Nutritive Qi); when Qi is deficient, break stasis and tonify Qi. When both Qi and Blood are abundant, therapeutic success is easily achieved. The Jueyin and Shaoyang meridians contain excessive Xianghuo (Ministerial Fire); if carbuncles or sores occur in these meridians, they are difficult to resolve.
[Note] The twelve meridians of the human body differ in the abundance of Qi and Blood. Abundance facilitates recovery, while deficiency makes healing difficult. Surgeons who understand this can anticipate the progression and difficulty of carbuncles and sores, thereby applying appropriate methods of drug elimination and tonification. For instance, the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine meridian and Foot-Yangming Stomach meridian often possess abundant Qi and Blood; the Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine meridian, Foot-Taiyang Bladder meridian, Hand-Jueyin Pericardium meridian, and Foot-Jueyin Liver meridian often possess abundant Blood but deficient Qi; the Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao meridian, Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder meridian, Hand-Shaoyin Heart meridian, Foot-Shaoyin Kidney meridian, Hand-Taiyin Lung meridian, and Foot-Taiyin Spleen meridian often possess abundant Qi but deficient Blood. The general principle is: for abundant Blood, break stasis; for abundant Qi, move Qi. When Qi is deficient, it is difficult to raise pus (Qi-fa), so use Tuo-bu (supporting and tonifying) methods; when Blood is deficient, it is difficult to contract wounds (shou-lian), so use nourishing methods. When both Qi and Blood are abundant, raising pus and wound contraction are easy. Only the four meridians of Hand-Foot Jueyin and Shaoyang have doubled Xianghuo (Ministerial Fire). If carbuncles or sores occur in these four meridians, muscle growth is difficult, and wound closure is hard. Overuse of harsh detoxifying drugs to deplete Qi and Blood will inevitably fail to achieve results. Therefore, understanding the abundance or deficiency of Qi and Blood in meridians prevents the misuse of sweating and purging methods.
Carbuncles and sores originate from Fire-Toxin, causing stagnation of Qi and Blood due to meridian obstruction. External causes include invasion by Six Excesses (Liu-Yin) and Eight Winds; internal causes involve Six Desires and Seven Emotions; improper diet and lifestyle fall under neither-internal-nor-external causes; carrying heavy loads or falls injure the body form; rich foods disrupt Ying and Wei (Defensive Qi), while coarse food leads to exhaustion of Qi and Blood. Ju (Deep Sores) arise in tendons and bones (Yin division); Yong (Superficial Abscesses) arise in flesh and vessels (Yang division); Yang (Ulcers) appear between skin and flesh; Chuang (Sores) and Jie (Boils) appear on the skin surface. Yang excess presents with swelling, redness, and pain, making it easy to treat; Yin excess presents with dark color, depression, and lack of pain, making it difficult to treat. Half-Yin Half-Yang presents with slight swelling, mild pain, and faint redness. Five Good prognoses indicate favorable conditions; Seven Bad prognoses indicate adverse conditions. Observing three good signs suggests survival; observing four bad signs suggests death. Clinicians must carefully examine complexion and pulse, applying warming, cooling, tonifying, sweating, or attacking methods as appropriate. Mastery of treating cold damage and miscellaneous diseases is relatively easier; precision in treating carbuncles and sores demonstrates true expertise.
[Note] The classic states: "All pain, itching, and sores belong to Heart Fire." Thus, carbuncles and sores originate from Fire-Toxin. They arise from deficiency of Ying and Wei, stagnation of Qi and Blood, and meridian obstruction. There are three categories of causes: external, internal, and neither-internal-nor-external. External causes include Wind of Spring, Heat/Summerheat of Summer, Dampness of Late Summer, Dryness of Autumn, and Cold of Winter. When arriving in season, they are righteous Qi; when off-season or excessive, they become pathogenic factors. All diseases caused by the Six Excesses are external. Also included are the Eight Winds: Great Rigid Wind from the North on Winter Solstice; Ominous Wind from Northeast on Start of Spring; Infant Wind from East on Spring Equinox; Weak Wind from Southeast on Start of Summer; Great Weak Wind from South on Summer Solstice; Strategy Wind from Southwest on Start of Autumn; Rigid Wind from West on Autumn Equinox; Breaking Wind from Northwest on Start of Winter. Seasonal winds nurture all things; unseasonal winds destroy them. Infection leads to internal severe disease and external carbuncles/swellings. These Eight Winds are also external causes. Internal causes stem from listening to obscene sounds, viewing lewd sights, smelling foul odors, craving flavors, excessive mental activity, and delusional thoughts, which damage Shen (Spirit). These Six Desires are internal. Additionally, excessive joy damages the Heart, anger damages the Liver, overthinking damages the Spleen, grief damages the Lung, fear damages the Kidney, prolonged worry knots Qi, and sudden fright shrinks Qi. These Seven Emotions are internal. Neither-internal-nor-external causes include irregular diet and lifestyle. Excessive alcohol generates Fire and consumes Yin fluids; excessive tea generates Dampness and fluid retention; excessive pungent spices damage Qi and Blood; irregular meals damage the Spleen and Stomach. Daytime overwork, lifting heavy weights, or falls injure the body; nighttime restlessness or excessive sexual activity damages Jing (Essence) and Qi. Rich diets cause Ying and Wei disharmony and internal Fire-Toxin binding; poor diets lead to insufficient Stomach Qi and Qi/Blood deficiency. The human body has five layers: Skin, Vessels, Flesh, Tendons, and Bones. Lesions in tendons/bones are Ju (Yin); lesions in flesh/vessels are Yong (Yang); lesions between skin and flesh are Yang-Du (Ulcer Toxin); lesions only on the skin are Chuang-Jie (Sores/Boils). Yang-excess Yong begins with swelling, redness, and pain, facilitating ulceration and healing (favorable/Yang syndrome). Yin-excess Ju begins with dark, non-red, depressed, hard, painless lesions, hindering ulceration and healing (adverse/Yin syndrome). Half-Yin Half-Yang presents with diffuse swelling, mild pain, slight heat, and faint redness, indicating a dangerous condition. Proper treatment can turn danger into favorability; otherwise, it becomes adverse. Five Good signs indicate favorable prognosis and ease of treatment; Seven Bad signs indicate adverse prognosis and difficulty. Seeing three good signs implies survival; seeing four bad signs implies death. Clinicians must examine complexion and pulse, applying warming, cooling, tonifying, sweating, or attacking methods appropriately. Treating external carbuncles is akin to treating internal cold damage; mastery of cold damage facilitates treatment of miscellaneous diseases, while precision in carbuncles demonstrates comprehensive skill, based on the ability to differentiate exterior/interior, Yin/Yang, deficiency/excess, and cold/heat.