夫诸疮之生，其类甚多种。大小方书，载之纷纷。以要而论，概举四等。一者，因于气
留，而结于内者，谓肠胃之中痈疽是也；二者，因于气血稽留，而结于外者，谓十疔、九
、五痔之类是也；三者，不因气血而为疮，谓堕仆并金刃汤火灸烙，而伤皮肉之类是也；四
者，不因气血而骨肉损伤者，谓虫兽
筋骨，不必见载。今于随方条下，该
夫疔疮者，以其疮形如丁盖之状者是也。古方论之，凡有十种，华元化载之五色疔，《
方》说疔疮有十三种，以至《外台秘要》神巧万全，其论颇同，然皆不离于气客于经络五脏
，内蕴毒热，初生一头凹肿痛，青、黄、赤、黑无复定色，便令烦躁闷乱，或憎寒头痛，或
呕吐心逆，以针刺疮，不痛无血，是其候也。其候本因甘肥过度，不慎房酒，以致邪毒蓄结
，遂生疔疮。《内经》曰∶膏粱之实，足生疔疮，此之谓也。其治之法，急于艾炷灸之，若
不觉痛者，针疔四边，皆令血出，以回疮锭子，从针孔 之，上用膏药贴之，仍服五香连翘
汤、漏芦汤等疏下之为效；若或针之不痛无血者，以猛火烧钱针通赤，于疮上烙之，令如焦
炭，取痛为效，亦 前铤子，用膏药贴之，经一、二日脓溃根出，服托里汤散，根据常疗之，
以取平复。如针不痛，其人眼黑，或见火光者，不可治也，此邪毒之气，入脏腑故也。《养
生方》云∶人汗入食肉，食之则生疔疮，不可不慎也！
各种疮疡的发生，其种类非常多。大小医书中记载得纷繁复杂。如果要概括来说，大致分为四类。第一类，是由于气机停滞，在体内结聚而成的，比如肠胃中的痈疽；第二类，是由于气血凝滞，在体表结聚而成的，比如十种疔疮、九种痔漏之类；第三类，不是由气血问题引起的疮疡，比如跌打损伤以及金刃、汤火、灸烙等外伤导致的皮肉损伤之类；第四类，不是由气血问题引起的骨肉损伤，比如虫兽咬伤筋骨等，这些不必一一列举。现在在各方的条目下，详细论述如下：
所谓疔疮，是因为它的疮形像钉子盖住的样子而得名。古代方书论述中，凡有十种类型。华元化记载了五色疔，《集验方》说疔疮有十三种，直到《外台秘要》和神巧万全篇，其论述大体相同，但都不离于邪气客居于经络五脏，内部蕴积毒热。初起时是一个头，凹陷且肿痛，颜色青、黄、赤、黑没有固定，随即出现烦躁闷乱，或者恶寒头痛，或者呕吐恶心。用针刺疮口，如果不痛且不出血，这就是其征候。这种征候原本是因为过食甘美肥腻之物，不慎节制房事和饮酒，导致邪毒蓄积结聚，从而生出疔疮。《内经》说：“膏粱之变，足生大疔”，说的就是这种情况。治疗的方法，急于用艾炷灸它，如果感觉不到疼痛，就针刺疔疮四周，都让血液流出，将回疮锭子从针孔插入，上面用膏药贴敷，同时服用五香连翘汤、漏芦汤等药物进行疏泄通下以取效；如果针刺后仍不痛且不出血，就用猛火烧红铜钱，烫得通红，在疮上烙烫，使其像焦炭一样，以产生痛感为有效，也插入前面的锭子，用膏药贴敷。经过一两天脓液溃破，病根排出，服用托里汤散，按照常规疗法处理，以求痊愈。如果针刺不痛，病人眼睛发黑，或者看见火光，这是不可治愈的，这是因为邪毒之气进入脏腑的缘故。《养生方》说：“人汗落入食物肉中，吃了就会生疔疮”，不可不谨慎啊！
The occurrence of various sores and ulcers is of many types. Large and small medical texts record them in great variety. To summarize, they can be broadly categorized into four classes. The first class arises from the stagnation of Qi (vital energy) accumulating internally, such as carbuncles and sores within the intestines and stomach. The second class results from the retention of Qi and Blood (vital substances) accumulating externally, such as the ten types of Ding sores (hard, deep-seated infections), nine types of hemorrhoids, etc. The third class consists of sores not caused by Qi or Blood disorders, but rather by external trauma such as falls, cuts from metal blades, burns from hot liquids or fire, and cauterization injuries to the skin and flesh. The fourth class involves damage to bones and muscles not caused by Qi or Blood issues, such as injuries to tendons and bones from insect or beast bites, which need not be listed individually. Now, under the respective prescriptions, the details are discussed below:
Ding sores (hard, deep-seated infections) are named for their shape resembling a nail head. Ancient treatises mention ten varieties. Hua Yuanhua recorded five-colored Ding sores; *Ji Yan Fang* (Collected Effective Prescriptions) states there are thirteen types of Ding sores. Similarly, *Waitai Miyao* (Essential Prescriptions from the Imperial Cabinet) and *Shenqiao Wanquan* present comparable discussions. However, all agree that the pathology stems from pathogenic factors lodging in the meridians and five Zang organs, with internal accumulation of toxic heat. Initially, a single lesion appears, sunken, swollen, and painful, with colors varying among green, yellow, red, and black without fixed patterns. This is often accompanied by restlessness and confusion, aversion to cold, headache, vomiting, or nausea. If pricking the sore with a needle elicits no pain and no blood flows, this indicates the characteristic signs. These signs originate from excessive consumption of rich, sweet, and fatty foods, and lack of restraint regarding sexual activity and alcohol, leading to the accumulation and aggregation of pathogenic toxins, thus generating Ding sores. As stated in *Neijing* (The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine): "Changes from rich and refined food are sufficient to produce large Ding sores." This refers to the aforementioned condition.
The treatment method prioritizes moxibustion with moxa cones. If the patient feels no pain, prick the four sides of the Ding sore until blood flows out. Insert the Hui Chuang Ding Zi (Sore-Returning Pin) into the puncture holes, apply a plaster on top, and administer decoctions such as Wuxiang Lianqiao Tang (Five-Spice Forsythia Decoction) or Loulu Tang (Radix Euphorbiae Humifusae Decoction) to promote purgation and achieve efficacy. If pricking still yields no pain and no blood, heat a copper coin over a fierce fire until it glows red-hot, then cauterize the sore until it resembles charred coal, aiming to induce pain as an effective sign. Also insert the aforementioned pin, cover with a plaster, and after one or two days, when pus discharges and the root emerges, administer Tuoli Tang San (Support-the-Interior Powder/Decoction). Treat according to standard protocols to achieve recovery. If pricking causes no pain, and the patient experiences vision blacking out or seeing flashes of light, the condition is incurable. This occurs because pathogenic toxic qi has entered the Zang-Fu organs. *Yangsheng Fang* (Prescriptions for Nourishing Life) warns: "If human sweat enters meat intended for food, consuming it will cause Ding sores." One must be extremely cautious!