人身之病四百有四，妇人之证与男子无殊，其所异者，惟月经、孕育、胎前产后、崩淋、带下、乳
痈、阴疮诸病，为闺房隐曲。孙真人所谓，妇人之病，治疗倍难于男子者此也。
《经》曰∶冲脉起于气街，并少阴之经，挟脐上行，至胸中而散，渗灌诸阳，下入于足，为十二经络之海。
其出入皆少阴经以行，故为血海。然冲、任、督三者，一源而三歧也。冲自少腹后脐两旁而上行，循腹
以任于前，为阴脉之总。任督脉起自少腹循背，以督于后，为阳脉之都纲。
冲为血海，诸经朝分，男子则运而行之，女子则停而止之。营运者，无积而不满动也。停止者，有积而能满静也。
不满者以时而溢谓之信，男子以气运，故阳气应日而一举，女子以血满，故阴血应月而一下。
冲、任二脉，奇经八脉之二也。《经》云∶冲为血海，作主胞胎，一脉也。通于任而下，既行而空，至七日后而渐
满，如月之盈亏相似，当知血海之有余，以十二经皆然，非特血海之满也。故始得以行耳。
任脉者，起于中极之下，以上毛际，循腹里，上关元，至咽喉，故曰∶阴脉之海。任者，妊也。此人生养之始，
故曰∶任脉，督脉者，起于下极之俞，并于脊里，上至风府，入脑上颠，循额至鼻，柱督之为言都也，是为阳脉
之大纲也。故云∶阳脉之海，任脉主任一身之阴血，太冲属阳明，为血之海，故谷气盛则血海满，而月事以时下也。
妇人月水，本于四经，二者冲任，二者手太阳小肠、手少阴心。然冲为血海，任主胞胎；二者相资，故令有子，
小肠经属腑主表为阳，少阴经为藏，主里属阴，此二经在上为乳汁，在下为月水。（惟鸟兽无天癸而成胎，盖鸟兽惟
知饮食交媾，故运精血往来，独聚于尾闾也。）
《经》云∶女子二七而天癸至。天谓天真之气，癸为壬癸之水。壬为阳水，癸为阴水。女子阴类，冲为血海，任主
胞胎，二脉流通，经血渐盈，应时而下，天真气降，故曰天癸。常以三旬一见以象月，盈则亏，不失其期，故曰月信。
然名天癸者，以比阴精也。盖肾属水，癸亦属水，由先天之气，畜极而生，故谓阴精为天癸。王冰以月事为天癸者非也。
男女之精，皆可以天癸称，若以女子之血为天癸，则男子之天癸亦为血耶！男女交媾之时各有精，而行经之际，方有其
血，未闻交媾时可以血言也。但女子之精二七而至，其月事亦与此时同候也。
男子为阳，阳中有阴，阴中之数八，故一八而阳精升，二八而阳精溢。女子为阴，阴中有阳，阳中之数七，
故一七而阴精升，二七而阴血溢，皆饮食五味之实秀也。《经》曰∶饮食入胃，游溢精气，上输于脾，脾气散精，上归
于肺，通调水道，下输膀胱，水精四布，五经并行。东垣谓脾为生化之源，心统诸经之血，心脾平和，则经候如常。
苟或七情内伤，六淫内侵，饮食失节，起居不时，脾胃虚损，心火妄动，则月经不调矣。夫血生于脾土，故云脾统血。
凡血病当用甘温之药，以助阳气，而生阴血也。
血者水谷之精气也。和调五脏，洒陈六腑，在男子则化为精，在妇人则上为乳汁，下为月水，故虽心主血，肝藏血，
实皆统摄于脾，补脾和胃，血自生矣。凡经行之际，禁用苦寒之药，饮食亦然，凡女子天癸未至之前为病，多从心脾，
天癸既至之后，多从肝肾。
妇人经水与乳，俱由脾胃所生，谷气入胃，其清纯津液之气归于心，入于脉，变赤而为血，血有余则注于冲任而为
经水，经水者阴水也。阴必从阳，故其色赤，禀火之色也。冲为血海，任主胞胎，若男子媾精，阴阳和合而成孕，则
其血皆移阴于胎矣，既产。则胃中清纯津液之气，归于肺，朝于脉，流入乳房，变白为乳，是禀肺金之色也。若不自
哺，则阳明之窍不通，胃中津液仍归于脉，变赤而腹为月水矣。
夫男女各有精，凡房劳不节，皆能大伤精气，故曰精枯杀人。奈世人所论，独重男子，不知书云。女子嗜
欲过于丈夫，感病倍于男子，况产蓐带下，三十六病，损气伤血，挟症多端，故女人尤宜清心节欲，便是调经却
病之第一。
人体疾病共有四百零四种，妇女的病症与男子并无不同，所不同的只是月经、孕育、胎前产后、崩漏淋证、带下、乳痈、阴疮等疾病，属于闺房中的隐秘之事。正如孙真人所说，妇女的疾病，治疗比男子困难一倍，说的就是这种情况。
《黄帝内经》说：冲脉起始于气街穴，伴随足少阴肾经，夹着肚脐上行，到达胸部后散开，渗透灌溉各阳经，向下流入足部，是十二经脉的海汇之处。它的出入都通过足少阴经运行，所以被称为血海。然而冲脉、任脉、督脉这三者，源头相同而分支三条。冲脉从小腹后方、肚脐两旁向上行，沿着腹部前方由任脉统领，是阴脉的总汇。任脉和督脉起自小腹，沿着背部，由督脉在后方统领，是阳脉的大纲。
冲脉是血海，各经气血汇聚于此分流，男子则推动它运行，女子则使其停留并停止。所谓“运”，是指没有积聚而不满，处于动态；所谓“停”，是指有积聚且能充满，处于静态。不满的时候按时溢出称为“信”（定期），男子以气推动，所以阳气应合日周期而一次举发；女子以血充满，所以阴血应合月周期而下泄。
冲脉、任脉，是奇经八脉中的两条。《内经》说：冲为血海，主宰胞胎，这是一条脉。它通连任脉向下，既已运行排空，到七日后又逐渐充盈，就像月亮的盈亏相似，应当知道血海的有余状态，是因为十二经的气血都是如此，不仅仅是血海充盈。所以月经才能来潮。
任脉，起始于中极穴之下，向上经过阴毛际，沿着腹腔内部，上至关元穴，到达咽喉，所以叫作“阴脉之海”。任，就是妊育的意思。这是人生养的开始，所以叫任脉。督脉，起始于长强穴（下极之俞），并行于脊柱内部，上至风府穴，入脑上行至头顶，沿着额部至鼻柱。“督”作为“都”的意思，这是阳脉的大纲。所以说它是阳脉之海。任脉主管一身之阴血，太冲脉隶属于阳明胃经，是血之海，所以水谷之气旺盛则血海充盈，月经就能按时来潮。
妇人的月经，根本在于四条经脉：其中两条是冲脉和任脉，另外两条是手太阳小肠经和手少阴心经。然而冲为血海，任主胞胎；这两条经脉相互资助，所以能受孕生子。小肠经属于腑，主表属阳；少阴经属于脏，主里属阴。这两条经脉在上部化为乳汁，在下部化为月经。（只有鸟兽没有天癸却能成胎，大概因为鸟兽只知道饮食交媾，所以精血往来，唯独聚集在尾闾部位。）
《内经》说：女子十四岁（二七）时天癸到来。天，指天真之气；癸，指壬癸之水。壬为阳水，癸为阴水。女子属阴类，冲为血海，任主胞胎，这两条经脉流通，经血逐渐充盈，按时而下，天真之气下降，所以叫天癸。通常每三十天来一次以象征月亮，满月则亏缺，不失其期，所以叫月信。然而之所以叫天癸，是因为它比拟阴精。因为肾属水，癸也属水，由先天之气蓄积至极而生，所以称阴精为天癸。王冰把月事称为天癸是不对的。男女的精，都可以称为天癸，如果把女子的血称为天癸，那么男子的天癸也是血吗？男女交媾时各有精液，而行经之际才有血，没听说过交媾时可以用血来说明的。只是女子的精在十四岁时到来，她的月经也在这个时期同步出现。
男子属阳，阳中有阴，阴中的数是八，所以八岁（一八）时阳精上升，十六岁（二八）时阳精溢泻。女子属阴，阴中有阳，阳中的数是七，所以七岁（一七）时阴精上升，十四岁（二七）时阴血溢泻，这都是饮食五味化生的精华。《内经》说：饮食进入胃，游溢精气，向上输送给脾，脾气散布精微，向上归于肺，通调水道，向下输送膀胱，水精四布，五脏经脉并行。李东垣认为脾是生化之源，心统摄各经之血，心脾平和，则月经正常。如果因七情内伤，六淫外侵，饮食不节，起居无常，导致脾胃虚损，心火妄动，就会月经不调。血生于脾土，所以说脾统血。凡是血病应当用甘温的药物，以助阳气，从而生阴血。
血是水谷的精气。调和五脏，布散六腑，在男子则化为精，在妇人则上为乳汁，下为月经，所以虽然心主血，肝藏血，实际上都统摄于脾，补脾和胃，血自然生成。凡是在行经期间，禁用苦寒的药物，饮食也是如此。凡是女子天癸未到之前生病，多从心脾论治；天癸已到之后生病，多从肝肾论治。
妇人的经水和乳汁，都由脾胃所生。谷气进入胃，其中清纯津液之气归于心，进入血脉，变赤而为血，血有余则注入冲任而成为经水，经水是阴水。阴必从阳，所以颜色赤，禀受火的色泽。冲为血海，任主胞胎，如果男子交合精气，阴阳和合而成孕，那么这些血都会移注于阴中以滋养胎儿。生产之后，胃中清纯津液之气，归于肺，朝会于脉，流入乳房，变白为乳，这是禀受肺金的色泽。如果不亲自哺乳，则阳明之窍不通，胃中津液仍归于脉，变赤而成为腹部的月经了。
男女各有精，凡是房事不节制，都能大伤精气，所以说精枯杀人。无奈世人所论述的，只重视男子，不知道书上说，女子的情欲超过丈夫，感病倍于男子，何况产褥、带下等三十六种疾病，损耗气、损伤血，夹杂症状繁多，所以女人尤其应该清心寡欲，这是调经祛病的第一个要点。
There are four hundred and four types of diseases in the human body. Women's conditions are no different from men's, except for menstruation, conception, pregnancy and postpartum periods, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis (bleeding disorders), leukorrhea (vaginal discharge), mastitis (breast inflammation), and vulvar sores, which are considered private matters within the boudoir. As Sun Simiao stated, treating women's diseases is twice as difficult as treating men's, which refers to this situation.
The *Classic* states: The Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel) originates at Qichuan (ST30), runs alongside the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, flanks the navel upwards, disperses in the chest, permeates and irrigates the Yang meridians, and descends into the feet, serving as the Sea of the Twelve Meridians. Its entry and exit all proceed through the Foot Shaoyin Meridian, thus it is called the Sea of Blood. However, the Chong, Ren, and Du vessels share one source but branch into three. The Chong vessel ascends from behind the lower abdomen on both sides of the navel, follows the front of the abdomen under the governance of the Ren vessel, acting as the general assembly of Yin vessels. The Ren and Du vessels originate from the lower abdomen and follow the back, with the Du vessel governing the rear, acting as the outline of Yang vessels.
The Chong vessel is the Sea of Blood, where Qi and Blood from various meridians converge and diverge. In men, it is moved and circulated; in women, it stops and remains static. "Movement" implies no accumulation and a state of dynamic fullness. "Stopping" implies accumulation leading to fullness and a state of static stability. When not full, it overflows at its proper time, termed "Xin" (regularity). Men operate by Qi, so Yang Qi responds to the daily cycle with one emission. Women fill with Blood, so Yin Blood responds to the monthly cycle with one descent.
The Chong and Ren vessels are two of the Eight Extraordinary Vessels. The *Classic* says: The Chong is the Sea of Blood and governs conception; this is one vessel. It connects downward to the Ren vessel. After circulation empties it, it gradually fills after seven days, similar to the waxing and waning of the moon. One should understand that the surplus in the Sea of Blood exists because the Qi and Blood of the Twelve Meridians are all like this, not just the Sea of Blood itself. Thus, menstruation can begin.
The Ren vessel originates below Zhongji (CV3), ascends above the pubic hair line, follows inside the abdomen, reaches Guanyuan (CV4), and arrives at the throat, hence it is called the "Sea of Yin Vessels." "Ren" means gestation. This is the beginning of human reproduction, hence the name Ren vessel. The Du vessel originates at Changqiang (GV1, also referred to as Xiaji Zhi Shu), runs parallel within the spine, ascends to Fengfu (GV16), enters the brain, goes up to the vertex, follows the forehead to the nasal bridge. "Du" means "capital" or "general," making it the outline of Yang vessels. Hence it is called the "Sea of Yang Vessels." The Ren vessel governs the Yin Blood of the whole body. Taichong belongs to the Yangming Stomach Meridian and is the Sea of Blood; therefore, when Grain Qi is abundant, the Sea of Blood fills, and menstruation occurs on time.
Women's menstrual water is rooted in four meridians: two are the Chong and Ren vessels, and the other two are the Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian and the Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian. However, the Chong is the Sea of Blood, and the Ren governs conception; these two vessels support each other, enabling conception. The Small Intestine Meridian belongs to the Fu organs, governs the exterior, and is Yang. The Shaoyin Meridian belongs to the Zang organs, governs the interior, and is Yin. These two meridians transform into milk when superior and menstrual water when inferior. (Only birds and beasts conceive without Tian Gui, likely because they only know eating and mating, causing Jing and Blood to circulate and gather exclusively at the Weilu area.)
The *Classic* says: At age fourteen (two sevens), Tian Gui arrives in women. "Tian" refers to Heavenly True Qi; "Gui" refers to the Water of Ren and Gui. Ren is Yang Water, and Gui is Yin Water. Women belong to the Yin category. With the Chong as the Sea of Blood and the Ren governing conception, as these two vessels flow smoothly and menstrual blood gradually fills, it descends on schedule, and Heavenly True Qi descends, hence it is called Tian Gui. It usually comes once every thirty days to symbolize the moon; when full, it wanes, never missing its period, hence it is called Yue Xin (Monthly Trust/Regularity). The reason it is named Tian Gui is because it compares to Yin Essence. Since the Kidney belongs to Water, and Gui also belongs to Water, it arises from the accumulation of Pre-Heaven Qi reaching its limit, thus Yin Essence is called Tian Gui. Wang Bing's view that menstruation is Tian Gui is incorrect. The Jing of both men and women can be called Tian Gui; if women's blood is Tian Gui, then is men's Tian Gui also blood? Both men and women have Jing during intercourse, but blood only appears during menstruation; it is unheard of to refer to blood during intercourse. Only women's Jing arrives at age fourteen, and their menstruation coincides with this timing.
Men are Yang, containing Yin within; the number for Yin is eight. Thus, at age eight (one eight), Yang Jing rises; at age sixteen (two eights), Yang Jing overflows. Women are Yin, containing Yang within; the number for Yang is seven. Thus, at age seven (one seven), Yin Jing rises; at age fourteen (two sevens), Yin Blood overflows. All of this is the essence derived from the five flavors of food and drink. The *Classic* says: Food enters the stomach, its Qi and Essence overflow and are transported upward to the Spleen. The Spleen scatters the Essence, sending it upward to the Lung, which regulates water passages and transports it downward to the Bladder. Water Essence distributes in four directions, and the Five Meridians run together. Li Dongyuan stated that the Spleen is the source of transformation and production, and the Heart commands the Blood of all meridians. If the Heart and Spleen are harmonious, menstruation will be normal. If internal injury from the Seven Emotions, invasion by the Six Evils, irregular diet, or improper rest leads to Spleen-Stomach deficiency and reckless movement of Heart Fire, menstruation will become irregular. Blood is born from Spleen Earth, hence it is said that the Spleen controls Blood. For any blood disease, sweet-warm medicines should be used to assist Yang Qi and generate Yin Blood.
Blood is the refined Essence of food and drink. It harmonizes the Five Zang organs and spreads to the Six Fu organs. In men, it transforms into Jing; in women, it becomes milk superiorly and menstrual water inferiorly. Therefore, although the Heart governs Blood and the Liver stores Blood, they are actually controlled by the Spleen. Tonifying the Spleen and harmonizing the Stomach allows Blood to generate naturally. During menstruation, bitter-cold medicines must be prohibited, as well as such foods. Generally, before Tian Gui arrives in girls, illnesses mostly stem from the Heart and Spleen; after Tian Gui arrives, illnesses mostly stem from the Liver and Kidneys.
Women's menstrual water and milk are both generated by the Spleen and Stomach. When grain Qi enters the stomach, its pure and clear fluid Qi returns to the Heart, enters the vessels, turns red to become Blood. Excess Blood flows into the Chong and Ren vessels to become menstrual water. Menstrual water is Yin Water. Yin must follow Yang, hence its color is red, inheriting the color of Fire. The Chong is the Sea of Blood, and the Ren governs conception. If male Jing is exchanged during intercourse, Yin and Yang combine to form pregnancy, then this Blood is transferred to the Yin to nourish the fetus. After childbirth, the pure and clear fluid Qi in the Stomach returns to the Lung, gathers in the vessels, flows into the breasts, turns white to become milk, inheriting the color of Metal (Lung). If not breastfed, the openings of the Yangming do not unblock, and the fluid Qi in the Stomach still returns to the vessels, turns red, and becomes menstrual water in the abdomen.
Both men and women have Jing. Any lack of restraint in sexual activity can severely damage Jing and Qi, hence it is said that depletion of Jing kills. Unfortunately, what people discuss focuses solely on men, ignoring texts that state women's desires exceed those of husbands, and they are prone to diseases twice as much as men. Moreover, postpartum conditions, leukorrhea, and the thirty-six diseases damage Qi and Blood, involving numerous complex symptoms. Therefore, women especially should keep their hearts clear and restrain desires, which is the primary method for regulating menstruation and dispelling disease.