《圣济总录》曰∶妇人月水不通，所致不一。有气不化，血微不通。有先期太过，后期不通。有大病后，热燥
不通。有凝寒结滞不通，有积聚气结不通，有心气抑滞不通。凡此所受不同，治之亦异。女人假血为本，以
气为用。血气稽留，则涩而不行。其为病，或寒或热，或脐腹坚痛，或肌肉消瘦，久不治，则为劳瘵之证。
《产宝方》曰∶大率治病，先论其所主。男子调其气，女子调其血。气血，人之神也，不可不谨调护之。
然妇人以血为本，气血宣行，其神自清。所谓血室不蓄，则气血凝结，而木火相刑。月水如期，谓之月信。其
血不来，则因风热伤于经血。故血不通，或外感风寒，内受邪热，脾胃虚弱，不能饮食。食既不充，营卫抑遏，
肌肤黄燥，面无光泽，时
发寒热，腹胀作痛，难于子息，子藏冷热，久而劳损，必挟带下，便多淋沥，忽致崩漏。经云腹中如块，忽聚
忽散，其病为 。血涸不流，而抟腹胀，时作寒热，此乃成瘕。或先后期，虽通而或多或少，究病之原，盖本
于此。
叶以潜曰∶妇人经病，内因忧思忿怒，郁结不行，外因饮冷形寒，恶露凝滞，此不调不通，作痛发热所由
也。治者调其气而破其血，开其郁而补其虚，凉血清热。治血病，以行气为先，香附之类是也。热则流通，寒
则坚凝，须以热药为佐，肉桂是也。又有月经不行，四肢发肿者，属瘀血渗入脾经也，宜辛温以导之。又有月
经上行口鼻者，是火载血上，气之乱也，四物加栀子、黄连、丹皮、犀角。
慎斋按∶以上三条，序妇人经不行致病也。妇人有因病而致经不调者，有因经不调而致诸病者，皆宜分别
详审处治。
《圣济总录》说：妇女月经不通，原因各不相同。有的因气机不能化生，导致血液轻微运行不畅；有的先出现经期提前且经量过多，后期则月经闭止；有的在大病之后，因体内热盛津伤、干燥而导致不通；有的因寒邪凝滞、气血结聚而致不通；有的因积聚（腹内结块）和气机郁结而致不通；有的因心气抑郁阻滞而致不通。凡此种种病因不同，治疗方法也各异。女子以假血（指月经）为本体，以气为功用。若气血停滞留结，就会涩滞而不行。由此产生的病症，或表现为寒证或热证，或脐腹部坚硬疼痛，或肌肉消瘦，若长期不治疗，就会演变为劳瘵（虚劳结核类疾病）。
《产宝方》说：大抵治病，首先要论断其主治方向。男子调理其气，女子调理其血。气和血，是人的精神所在，不可不谨慎调护。然而妇女以血为本，气血通畅宣行，人的精神自然清明。所谓“血室”（子宫）不蓄积瘀血，则气血凝结，导致肝木与心火相互刑克（病理制约）。月经按时来潮，称为月信。如果月经不来，是因为风热损伤了经脉和血液。所以血液不通，可能是外感风寒，内受邪热，加上脾胃虚弱，不能进食。饮食既不足，营卫之气被抑制遏阻，肌肤枯黄干燥，面色无光泽，时常发作寒热，腹胀作痛，难以受孕，子宫冷热不调，日久造成劳损，必定夹杂带下病，小便多淋漓不尽，忽然导致崩漏（非经期大量出血）。医经说腹中有如块状物，忽聚忽散，这种病称为瘕（腹内结块，推之可移，痛无定处）。血液枯竭不流，搏结导致腹胀，时常发作寒热，这便形成了瘕积。或者月经先后不定期，虽然通但或多或少，探究病的根源，大概都在于此。
叶以潜说：妇女的经病，内因有忧思愤怒，导致气机郁结不行；外因有饮冷受寒，导致恶露凝滞，这是月经不调、不通、作痛、发热的原因。治疗者应调理其气并破除其血，开通其郁结并补益其虚损，凉血清热。治疗血病，以行气为先导，如香附之类的药物就是如此。热则流通，寒则坚凝，必须用热药作为辅助，如肉桂就是此类。又有月经不行，四肢发肿的，属于瘀血渗入脾经，宜用辛温药物以引导消散。又有月经逆行上行至口鼻的，这是火载血上，气机紊乱所致，可用四物汤加栀子、黄连、丹皮、犀角。
慎斋按语：以上三条，叙述了妇女月经不行导致疾病的机理。妇女有因病而导致月经不调的，也有因月经不调而导致各种疾病的，都应当分别详细审察后进行治疗。
The *Shengji Zonglu* states: In women, the obstruction of menstruation arises from various causes. Some cases involve qi failing to transform, resulting in slight stagnation of blood. Others present with early onset and excessive flow initially, followed by amenorrhea later. Some occur after severe illness, where heat and dryness cause obstruction. Some result from cold coagulation and stagnation, some from accumulations (masses) and qi knotting, and some from depression and stagnation of heart qi. Since the etiologies differ, the treatments must also vary. Women take "false blood" (menstrual blood) as their substance and qi as their function. When qi and blood stagnate, they become astringent and cease to flow. The resulting diseases may manifest as cold or heat syndromes, hardness and pain in the umbilical and abdominal regions, emaciation of muscles; if left untreated for a long time, it evolves into Laozai (consumptive disease/tuberculosis).
The *Chanbao Fang* states: Generally, when treating disease, one must first determine the primary focus. For men, regulate the qi; for women, regulate the blood. Qi and blood are the spirit of humans and must be carefully regulated and protected. However, women take blood as their foundation. When qi and blood circulate freely, the spirit remains clear. If the Blood Chamber (uterus) does not accumulate stasis, then qi and blood condense, leading to mutual pathological restriction between Wood (Liver) and Fire (Heart). Menstruation arriving on schedule is called Yuexin (monthly trust/period). If the blood does not come, it is due to wind-heat injuring the meridians and blood. Thus, blood obstruction may stem from external contraction of wind-cold, internal reception of pathogenic heat, or spleen-stomach deficiency leading to poor appetite. With insufficient food intake, Ying and Wei (nutritive and defensive qi) are suppressed, causing yellowish-dry skin, lackluster complexion, intermittent chills and fever, abdominal distension and pain, difficulty conceiving, cold-heat imbalance in the Zi Zang (uterus), chronic damage over time, inevitably accompanied by leukorrhea, frequent dribbling urination, and sudden onset of Beng Lou (metrorrhagia and metrostaxis). The classics state that masses felt in the abdomen that gather and scatter intermittently constitute the disease known as Jia (mobile mass). When blood is exhausted and fails to flow, it knots to cause abdominal distension and intermittent chills and fever; this forms a Zha accumulation. Whether periods are early or late, though flowing, if the volume is excessive or scanty, investigating the root of the disease reveals it stems from here.
Ye Yiqian stated: Women's menstrual disorders arise from internal factors such as worry, thought, anger, and depression causing qi stagnation, and external factors such as drinking cold liquids and exposure to cold, leading to stagnation of lochia. These are the causes of irregular menstruation, obstruction, pain, and fever. Treatment should regulate qi and break blood, open depression and tonify deficiency, cool blood and clear heat. To treat blood diseases, moving qi is paramount, as seen with herbs like Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma). Heat promotes circulation, while cold causes hardening and coagulation; therefore, warm herbs must be used as assistants, such as Rougui (Cinnamon Bark). There are also cases where menstruation does not occur but limbs swell; this belongs to blood stasis infiltrating the Spleen meridian, and should be guided with acrid-warm herbs. There are also cases where menstruation flows upward to the mouth and nose; this is fire carrying blood upward, indicating chaotic qi, treated with Siwu Tang added with Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Danpi (Moutan Cortex), and Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu).
Shenzhai commented: The above three passages describe how menstrual obstruction leads to disease in women. Some women have menstrual irregularities caused by other illnesses, while others develop various diseases due to menstrual irregularities. All cases require careful differentiation and detailed examination before treatment.