齐仲甫曰∶妇人血气调和，胎气乃安。若血气亏损，子宫为风冷所乘，致荣亏卫弱，不能荣养其胎而堕。假
令妊娠三月，当手心主包络养之。如不善摄生，伤其经，则胎必堕，后有娠，至其时复堕。如妊娠腰常痛，须
防堕胎。腰为肾府，女子以系胞故也。
朱丹溪曰∶阳施阴化，胎孕乃成。血气虚损，不足以荣其胎，则自堕。譬如枝枯则果落，藤萎则花坠。或
劳怒伤情，内火便动，亦能堕胎。正如风撼其树，人折其枝也。火能消物，造化自然。《病源》乃谓风冷伤子
脏而堕，此未得病情者也。有孕妇至三四月必
堕，其脉左手大而无力，重取则涩，知血少也。止补中气，使血自荣。以白术浓煎，下黄芩末，数十剂而安。因
思胎堕于内热而虚者为多。曰热曰虚，当分轻重。盖孕至三月，上属相火，所以易堕。不然，黄芩、熟艾、阿
胶何为安胎妙药耶。
汪石山曰∶有妇性躁急，常患堕胎已七八。诊其脉皆柔软无力，两尺虽浮而弱，不任循按。此因堕胎太多，
气血耗甚，胎无滋养，故频堕也。譬之水涸而禾枯，土削而木倒。况三月五月，正属少阳火动之时，加以性躁
而急，故堕多在三五七月也。宜大补阴汤，去桂加芩、柏，蜜丸服之。
齐仲甫说：妇女气血调和，胎气才能安稳。如果气血亏损，子宫被风冷邪气侵袭，导致营血亏虚、卫气衰弱，不能滋养胎儿而导致流产。假如怀孕三个月，应当由手厥阴心包经来滋养胎儿。如果不善于调养身体，损伤了这条经脉，那么胎儿必定流产；即使以后再次怀孕，到了这个时候也会再次流产。如果怀孕期间腰部经常疼痛，必须防止流产。腰是肾脏的府邸，女子通过肾系连着胞宫（子宫）。
朱丹溪说：阳气施放，阴气化生，胎孕才能形成。如果气血虚损，不足以滋养胎儿，就会自然流产。这就像树枝干枯果实就会掉落，藤蔓枯萎花朵就会坠落一样。或者因为劳累和愤怒导致情志受伤，内火随即发动，也能导致流产。这正像风吹撼动树木，人折断树枝一样。火能消蚀万物，这是造化的自然规律。《诸病源候论》却说是风冷伤害子脏（子宫）而导致流产，这是没有掌握病情实质的说法。有的孕妇到了三四个月必然流产，她的脉象左手大而无力，重按则涩，可知是血少。只需补益中气，使血液自然能够荣养胎儿。用白术浓煎，送服黄芩粉末，服用几十剂后便安稳了。因此想到胎儿因内热兼体虚而流产的情况居多。关于“热”和“虚”，应当区分轻重。大概怀孕到三个月，上属相火旺盛之时，所以容易流产。否则，为什么黄芩、熟艾、阿胶是安胎的妙药呢？
汪石山说：有一位女性性情急躁，经常发生流产已有七八次。诊察她的脉象都柔软无力，两尺脉虽然浮但虚弱，不耐受按压。这是因为流产次数太多，气血消耗严重，胎儿缺乏滋养，所以频繁流产。这就好比水干涸禾苗就枯死，土壤削薄树木就倒下。况且三月、五月，正是少阳相火发动的时候，加上她性情急躁，所以流产多发生在三、五、七月。适宜使用大补阴汤，去掉桂枝，加入黄芩、黄柏，制成蜜丸服用。
朱丹溪说：有妇女月经停止，或者胎儿形态已具但未发育完全，其胎儿必定流产。观察她性情急躁易怒，面色黑而气实，这是相火太盛，不能生气以化生胎儿，反而消耗元气、损伤精血所致。
Qi Zhongfu stated: When a woman's Qi and Blood are harmonious, the fetal Qi remains stable. If Qi and Blood are deficient, and the uterus is invaded by wind-cold pathogens, leading to a deficiency of Ying (Nutritive) Blood and weakness of Wei (Defensive) Qi, it fails to nourish the fetus, resulting in miscarriage. For instance, at three months of pregnancy, the pericardium meridian of hand-jueyin should nourish the fetus. If one fails to maintain proper lifestyle and damages this meridian, the fetus will inevitably miscarry; even if she conceives again, the miscarriage will recur at that specific time. If lower back pain persists during pregnancy, one must guard against miscarriage. The waist is the mansion of the Kidney, and in women, the Kidney connects to the Bao Palace (uterus).
Zhu Danxi stated: Fertilization occurs when Yang acts and Yin transforms. If Qi and Blood are deficient and insufficient to nourish the fetus, spontaneous abortion ensues. This is like a branch withering causing fruit to fall, or a vine decaying causing flowers to drop. Alternatively, labor and anger may injure the emotions, stirring internal fire, which can also cause miscarriage. It is akin to wind shaking a tree or a person breaking its branches. Fire consumes all things; this is the natural order of creation. *The Source of Diseases* attributes miscarriage to wind-cold injuring the Zi Zang (uterus), which fails to grasp the true nature of the condition. Some pregnant women inevitably miscarry at three or four months; their pulse is large and powerless on the left hand, and rough upon heavy pressure, indicating blood deficiency. One should merely tonify Middle Qi so that Blood naturally nourishes the fetus. Decoct Baidao (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) thickly and administer Huangqin powder (Scutellariae Radix); after dozens of doses, stability is achieved. Thus, I reflect that miscarriages due to internal heat combined with deficiency are common. Regarding "heat" and "deficiency," their severity must be distinguished. Generally, at three months of pregnancy, the body corresponds to the phase of vigorous Ministerial Fire, making miscarriage prone. Otherwise, why would Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Shu Ai Ye (Artemisiae Argyi Folium Preparatum), and Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini) be considered excellent herbs for calming the fetus?
Wang Shishan stated: There was a woman with an irritable temperament who had suffered frequent miscarriages seven or eight times. Her pulses were soft and powerless throughout; although the Chi positions (both sides) were floating, they were weak and could not withstand deep palpation. This was because excessive miscarriages had severely depleted Qi and Blood, leaving the fetus without nourishment, hence the frequent losses. It is like water drying up causing grain to wither, or soil eroding causing trees to fall. Moreover, the third and fifth months are precisely when Shaoyang Ministerial Fire stirs; compounded by her irritable nature, miscarriages often occur in the third, fifth, and seventh months. Da Bu Yin Tang (Great Tonification of Yin Decoction) is suitable, removing Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) and adding Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) and Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), formed into honey pills for administration.
Zhu Danxi stated: In some women whose menstruation has ceased, or where the fetus has taken shape but not fully developed, the fetus will inevitably miscarry. Observing her irritable and angry disposition, dark complexion, and robust Qi, this indicates excessive Ministerial Fire. Instead of generating Qi to transform and form the fetus, it consumes Qi and injures Essence.