经曰∶人感于寒则受病，微则为咳，甚则为泄、为痛。凡咳嗽，五脏六腑皆有之，惟肺
先受邪。盖肺主气，合于皮毛。邪之初伤，先客皮毛，故咳为肺病。五脏则各以治时受邪，
六腑则又为五脏所移。古人言，肺病难愈，而善卒死者。肺为娇脏，怕寒而恶热，故邪气易
伤而难治，以其汤散迳过、针灸不及故也。十种咳嗽者，肺咳、心咳、脾咳、肾咳、肝咳、
风咳、寒咳、支饮咳、胆咳、厥阴咳。华佗所谓五嗽者，冷嗽、气嗽、燥嗽、饮嗽、邪嗽。
孙真人亦有方治寒毒注嗽者，历代方论著之甚详。惟今之所谓劳嗽者，无所经见，意其华佗
所谓邪嗽、真人所谓注嗽者是也。此病盖酒色过度，劳极伤肺，损动经络。其重者咯唾脓血
；轻者，时发时差。又有因虚感邪恶之气，且传注得之。或先呕血而后嗽、或先咳嗽，渐就
沉羸。此则非特内损肺经，又挟邪恶传疰之气，所以特甚，病之毒害无过此也。真人治注嗽
，通气丸方用蜈蚣四节。又云∶梦与鬼交通及饮食者，全用蜈蚣。《外台》方四满丸治五嗽
，亦用蜈蚣。遇世名公能推原其旨意，率用蛤蚧、天灵盖、桃柳枝、麝香、丹砂、雄黄、
安息香之类，以通神明之药疗之，高出古人之意矣。又肺中有虫如蚕，令人喉痒而咳嗽，汤
散迳过，针灸不及，以药含化，虫死即嗽止。（见张锐方）
深师疗五嗽。一上气嗽、二饮嗽、三燥嗽、四冷嗽、五邪嗽。四满丸。
《黄帝内经》说：人感受寒邪就会生病，轻则表现为咳嗽，重则表现为腹泻、疼痛。凡是咳嗽，五脏六腑都可能出现，但只有肺最先受到邪气侵袭。因为肺主一身之气，与体表的皮毛相合。邪气初伤人体时，首先客居于皮毛，所以咳嗽属于肺的病证。五脏各自在其所主的时令季节受邪，六腑的病变又往往由五脏传移而来。古人说，肺病难以痊愈，且容易突然致死。肺是娇嫩的脏器，怕寒冷而厌恶燥热，所以邪气容易伤害它且难以治疗，这是因为汤药和散剂经过咽喉直下肠胃、针灸难以直接作用于肺部所致。
十种咳嗽包括：肺咳、心咳、脾咳、肾咳、肝咳、风咳、寒咳、支饮咳（水饮停聚支撑胸膈引起的咳嗽）、胆咳、厥阴咳。华佗所说的五种咳嗽是：冷嗽、气嗽、燥嗽、饮嗽、邪嗽。孙思邈也有治疗寒毒注嗽（具有传染性或顽固性的寒性咳嗽）的方子，历代医籍对方论记载得非常详细。唯独现在所谓的劳嗽（因虚劳导致的慢性咳嗽），在古籍中未曾见过，我推测这大概就是华佗所说的邪嗽、孙真人所说的注嗽吧。这种病大概是由于酒色过度，极度疲劳损伤了肺脏，耗损经络。病情重的，咯吐脓血；病情轻的，时好时发。又有因为身体虚弱感受邪恶之气，通过接触传染而得病的。有的先呕血而后咳嗽，或者先咳嗽，逐渐变得消瘦衰弱。这不仅仅是内部损伤肺经，还夹杂了邪恶传疰之气，所以特别严重，疾病的毒害没有超过这种的了。孙真人治疗注嗽，通气丸方中使用四节蜈蚣。又说：如果是梦中与鬼魅交合及饮食者，全用蜈蚣。《外台秘要》中的四满丸治疗五种咳嗽，也使用蜈蚣。遇到世上名医能推究其旨意，大都使用蛤蚧、天灵盖（人顶骨）、桃柳枝、麝香、丹砂、雄黄、安息香等通神明之药来治疗，这高出古人的立意了。另外，肺中有像蚕一样的虫子，令人喉咙痒而咳嗽，汤药散剂直过而不达病所，针灸也无法触及，采用含化药物的方法，虫子死了咳嗽就停止。（见于张锐的方书）
The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: "When humans are affected by cold, they fall ill; mildly, it manifests as cough; severely, it manifests as diarrhea or pain." Cough can occur in all five zang and six fu organs, but the lung is always the first to be invaded by pathogenic factors. This is because the lung governs qi and corresponds to the skin and hair. When pathogens initially invade the body, they first lodge in the skin and hair; therefore, cough is a disease of the lung. Each of the five zang organs receives pathogens during its respective season, and diseases of the six fu organs are often transferred from the five zang organs. The ancients said that lung diseases are difficult to cure and may lead to sudden death. The lung is a delicate organ that fears cold and dislikes heat; thus, pathogens easily damage it and it is hard to treat, partly because decoctions and powders pass directly through the throat into the stomach and intestines, and acupuncture cannot directly reach the lung.
The ten types of cough include: lung cough, heart cough, spleen cough, kidney cough, liver cough, wind cough, cold cough, cough due to fluid retention supporting the chest (Zhiyin cough), gallbladder cough, and Jueyin cough. Hua Tuo described five types of cough: cold cough, qi cough, dry cough, fluid cough, and evil/pathogenic cough. Sun Simiao also provided prescriptions for treating cold-toxin infectious cough (Zhucough). These theories have been recorded in detail in medical texts throughout history. However, the so-called "consumptive cough" (Laosou) seen today is not found in ancient texts. I surmise that this corresponds to Hua Tuo's "evil cough" and Sun Simiao's "infectious cough." This illness is generally caused by excess sexual activity and drinking, leading to extreme fatigue that damages the lungs and depletes the meridians. In severe cases, patients expectorate pus and blood; in mild cases, symptoms flare up and subside intermittently. It can also be contracted through contact with pathogenic qi when the body is deficient. Some patients vomit blood before coughing, while others start with coughing and gradually become emaciated. This condition involves not only internal damage to the lung meridian but also the presence of pathogenic infectious qi, making it particularly severe; no other disease is as toxic or harmful. For treating infectious cough, Sun Simiao used four segments of centipede in the Tongqi Wan formula. He also stated that for cases involving dreams of intercourse with spirits or consumption of spirit food, whole centipedes should be used. The *Waitai Miyao* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) mentions the Siman Wan formula for treating five types of cough, which also uses centipede. Modern renowned physicians who understand the underlying principles often use substances such as Gecko (Gejie), human skull cap (Tianlinggai), peach and willow branches, musk, cinnabar, realgar, and benzoin (Anxi Xiang)—medicines that communicate with the divine—to treat this condition, surpassing the methods of the ancients. Additionally, if there are worms resembling silkworms in the lung causing throat itching and coughing, where decoctions and powders pass through without reaching the site and acupuncture cannot affect them, using lozenges or dissolving medicines in the mouth can kill the worms, after which the cough stops (as recorded in Zhang Rui's formulas).
The *Shenshi Fang* treats five types of cough: 1. Cough with rebellious qi (Shangqi cough); 2. Fluid cough (Yincough); 3. Dry cough (Zaocough); 4. Cold cough (Lengcough); 5. Evil cough (Xiecough). Formula: Siman Wan.